衡阳创建“教育强市”的路径探讨

实现衡阳市"教育强市"战略,将衡阳由人口资源大市转变为人力资源强市,必须更新思想观念,树立教育优先发展理念,加快教育体制机制创新,优化整合教育资源,统筹协调发展.参10.     

论大学生信息素养教育

信息素养是信息社会高等教育的重要内容.全文从信息素养的内涵着手,分析了当前大学生信息素养教育的现状与存在的问题,提出了要加强大学生信息素养教育,必须构建我国大学生信息素养教育标准,建立和完善大学生信息素养教育课程体系和教育模式,整合高校图书馆信息资源、技术和科学课程,同时提高教师的信息素养.参2.     

新疆农业现代化进程中的碳排放效应

利用1995—2015年的统计数据,运用排放系数法、格兰杰检验和协整检验对新疆农业现代化进程中的碳排放效应进行研究。结果表明:(1)新疆农业现代化进程中的碳排放总量、农业化学化碳排放量、农业机械化碳排放量、农业水利化碳排放量均呈明显上升态势,而碳排放强度呈波动下降特征;(2)农业碳排放结构发生了显著变化,碳排放结构由以农业机械化碳排放为主向以农业化学化碳排放为主转变;(3)新疆各地州(市)的农业碳排放量空间分异明显,喀什地区、昌吉州和伊犁州直等人口较多、耕地资源丰富和种植业发展较好的地州农业碳排放量规模较大;(4)农业经济增长是导致农业碳排放量上升的驱动因素,而且存在长期稳定的关系。为此,要顺利推进新疆农业现代化进程,必须协调好经济发展与农业碳排放的关系,走低碳农业发展道路。     

湖南城镇化存在的问题及对策思考

分析了湖南省城镇化进程中存在的主要问题,提出了湖南省城镇化进程的基本思路,和全面推进我省城镇化进程的若干政策性建议.     

向前看:可持续发展的新途径

实现可持续发展要求地方一级提出新的方法,也就是说,这种方法应该符合当地实际情况 .因此,有利于组织自我管理能力的宣传手段,在城市环境越来越复杂的情况下,已经成为 一个优先事项.越来越复杂意味着不同的问题要在不同范围加以管理.例如,公共交通、废物 集中处理和公共卫生就常涉及一个城市内不同地方.环境管理系统(EMS)是这些富有创新性的 工具之一.一个EMS是“(一个)由提出,实施,实现,检查和维护环境政策所必需的组织的结 构、规划活动、责任、策略、手续、过程和资源组成的综合管理系统的一部分”(ISO14001) .EMS的实施影…     

遗传资源数字序列信息议题的发展动态和中国选择

遗传资源数字序列信息是近年来合成生物学突飞猛进和DNA测序便捷化的产物。遗传资源数字序列信息相关的法律问题吸引了国际组织和国家的广泛讨论。数字序列信息利用的广泛性和普遍性对保护生物多样性产生积极影响,同时也给遗传资源的获取和惠益分享带来挑战。数字序列信息的术语确定、内容范围和如何使用的争论体现了发达国家和发展中国家之间在数字序列信息的法律属性认定和惠益分享方面存在的分歧。我国应利用缔约方大会谈判推动进程,在国际谈判中将数字序列信息放在《名古屋议定书》框架下讨论,将其解释为"遗传资源",对数字序列信息的测序和存储解释为"利用遗传资源"。《生物遗传资源获取与惠益分享管理条例(草案)》中不应过分强调利用生物遗传资源的物理材料以及有形性,而应该注重保护与遗传资源相关的信息或数据,整合和新建数字序列信息数据库。     

2013年《环境化学》论文引入DOI编码

2013年1期起,《环境化学》对出版的每一篇论文都将标注DOI编码.中文DOI是国际DOI基金会(IDF)正式授权的DOI注册机构(RA),由中国科学技术信息研究所(ISTIC)管理和运行.加入中文DOI能够使出版、信息服务等相关机构方便地实现联合与共享,实现中文数字资源相互链接,并能够与     

论我国环境公众参与制度的问题

环境公众参与制度在目前中国基本上是一片空白,笔者从“公众参与“的范畴界定及理论分析着手,分析了我国在此方面的现状,并提出了对建立我国未来环境公众参与制度的几点框架性建议,旨在通过推进环境民主化进程来实现真正对环境的有效保护.     

整合型1,2,4-丁三醇重组菌的构建及共底物发酵

1,2,4-丁三醇(BT)是重要的非天然化学品.为构建整合型BT合成菌株,实现木糖、葡萄糖共底物发酵,通过Red系统将基因kivD、xdh整合至Escherichiacoli基因组的xylAB、ptsHI、ptsG、crr位点,并尝试利用廉价的乳糖替代IPTG诱导外源基因表达.结果表明,外源基因整合至xylAB后,生物量降低28%,重组菌Escherichia coli W021能够代谢木糖合成BT(0.7 g/L).添加葡萄糖为共底物后生物量提高36%,但碳分解代谢抑制作用限制了木糖的代谢,BT产量降低14%.进一步整合代谢基因至不同的磷酸转移酶系统(PTS)位点,其中整合至ptsHI基因后BT产量最高,达到2.8g/L.优化葡萄糖、木糖浓度后,BT产量提高到3.6 g/L,进一步优化乳糖替代IPTG后BT产量为1.9 g/L.最后经发酵罐优化,BT产量提高到3.9 g/L,转化率为0.3 mol/mol.本研究构建整合型菌株在廉价乳糖诱导下共底物发酵合成BT,为后续放大研究提供了借鉴.(图6表2参24)     

生态文明建设视角的当代中国旅游地理创新探索

推进生态文明、建设美丽中国,进而实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦,已成为中国共产党及其所领导的中国人民的最大追求和奋斗目标.一直为国民经济主战场服务的中国旅游地理,生态文明建设必然为其教材建设的主体内容之一.该文结合《中国旅游地理》(第四版)创新实际,仅就中国旅游地理推进生态文明建设教学内容体系构建及其构架进行了探索.参9.     

基于GIS的广东省土壤资源信息系统构建研究

研究应用地理信息系统构建广东省土壤资源信息系统的总体模式,建立了土壤资源信息系统的基本功能构成;探索了土壤资源空间信息与文献资料的Internet网络化这一土壤研究新领域,并实现了土壤资源空间信息Internet网络化.     

互联网上的水土保持信息资源

互联网上有大量的水土保持信息资源,其内容极为丰富,但要从这大量的信息中快速获得所需要的信息却很困难。文章介绍了国内外主要水土保持信息资源的网址及有关水土保持电子论坛、水土保持专利等方面的信息交流与检索途径,并在此基础上对水土保持信息资源的应用及发展前景提出建议。     

Can incomplete information lead to under-exploitation in the commons?

This paper analyzes the protection of a common pool resource (CPR) through the management of information. Specifically, we examine an entry deterrence model between an incumbent perfectly informed about the initial stock of a CPR and an uninformed potential entrant. In our model, the appropriation of the CPR by the incumbent reduces both players' future profits from exploiting the resource. In the case of complete information, we show that the incumbent operating in a high-stock common pool overexploits the CPR during the first period since it does not internalize the negative external effect that its first-period exploitation imposes on the entrant's future profits. This inefficiency, however, is absent when the commons totally regenerate across periods. Under incomplete information, we identify an additional form of inefficiency. In particular, the incumbent operating in a low-stock CPR underexploits the resource in order to signal the low available stock to potential entrants, deterring entry.     

Subhabitat selection by foraging threespine stickleback (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gasterosteus aculeatus</Emphasis>): previous experience and social conformity

Any mechanism that allows animals to increase their foraging efficiency is likely to be selected for, including the ability to learn to recognise and subsequently discriminate between habitat types based on their profitability. In a series of laboratory studies, we manipulated prey densities across two different experimental subhabitats and demonstrated that threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) can develop foraging preferences for subhabitats that have previously yielded prey. Fish were not recalling the spatial location of prey patches; rather, they were discriminating between subhabitats based on foraging experience there and allocating foraging effort accordingly. Foraging preferences took around 14 days to develop, and once established, they persisted independently of experimental prey density, suggesting that fish were using experience rather than real-time sampling to select foraging grounds. When we presented focal fish with social information cues, we found that they preferentially used local enhancement and current public information cues when they conflicted with previous experience, but that they did not use prior public information. This suggests that in the presence of conspecifics, individuals prioritise social conformity over the use of private information. We discuss our results in the context of optimal foraging and the trade-offs associated with balancing conflicting private and social information.     

Food sharing among retaliators: sequential arrivals and information asymmetries

Many animals share food, that is, to tolerate competitors at a defensible clump. Most accounts of resource sharing invoke special evolutionary processes or ecological circumstances that reduce their generality. Surprisingly, the Hawk–Dove game has been unable to address in a simple and general way why so many group foraging animals share food. We modify the Hawk–Dove game by allowing a finder the opportunity of retaliating if joiners escalate and by considering the consequences of information asymmetries concerning resource value among players. Introducing the first change, the retaliator strategy was sufficient to predict widespread sharing in habitats where food clumps are of intermediate richness. When information asymmetry between finder and joiner is created by allowing the quality of clumps to vary, we show that the conditions for sharing are even more easily met and apply to a wider range of resource qualities. Our model therefore offers one of the most parsimonious and potentially general evolutionary accounts of the origin of non-aggressive resource sharing.     

Can incomplete information lead to under-exploitation in the commons?

This paper analyzes the protection of a common pool resource (CPR) through the management of information. Specifically, we examine an entry deterrence model between an incumbent perfectly informed about the initial stock of a CPR and an uninformed potential entrant. In our model, the appropriation of the CPR by the incumbent reduces both players' future profits from exploiting the resource. In the case of complete information, we show that the incumbent operating in a high-stock common pool overexploits the CPR during the first period since it does not internalize the negative external effect that its first-period exploitation imposes on the entrant's future profits. This inefficiency, however, is absent when the commons totally regenerate across periods. Under incomplete information, we identify an additional form of inefficiency. In particular, the incumbent operating in a low-stock CPR underexploits the resource in order to signal the low available stock to potential entrants, deterring entry.     

A framework for evaluating and designing citizen science programs for natural resources monitoring

We present a framework of resource characteristics critical to the design and assessment of citizen science programs that monitor natural resources. To develop the framework we reviewed 52 citizen science programs that monitored a wide range of resources and provided insights into what resource characteristics are most conducive to developing citizen science programs and how resource characteristics may constrain the use or growth of these programs. We focused on 4 types of resource characteristics: biophysical and geographical, management and monitoring, public awareness and knowledge, and social and cultural characteristics. We applied the framework to 2 programs, the Tucson (U.S.A.) Bird Count and the Maui (U.S.A.) Great Whale Count. We found that resource characteristics such as accessibility, diverse institutional involvement in resource management, and social or cultural importance of the resource affected program endurance and success. However, the relative influence of each characteristic was in turn affected by goals of the citizen science programs. Although the goals of public engagement and education sometimes complimented the goal of collecting reliable data, in many cases trade‐offs must be made between these 2 goals. Program goals and priorities ultimately dictate the design of citizen science programs, but for a program to endure and successfully meet its goals, program managers must consider the diverse ways that the nature of the resource being monitored influences public participation in monitoring.     

Coastal directories and beyond: Providing multidisciplinary coastal zone resource information for resource management

Baseline resource information in an easily accessible form is a vital starting point for developing coastal zone management. On behalf of a wide-ranging group of organizations involved in the management of the U.K. maritime zone, the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) is compiling a series of 16 regional volumes. The volumes contain multidisciplinary coastal zone resource information arranged in ten chapters under the general title ‘Coasts and Seas of the UK’. These volumes form part of a series of paper and electronic publications of coastal information being produced by JNCC's Coastal Directories Project and are designed to meet the needs of planners and all others involved in decision-making and management of the coast.     

Public Attitudes and Knowledge about Ecosystem Management on Department of Defense Land in Florida

New ecosystem management policies at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, emphasize the need for public education and involvement in the changing focus of natural resource practices. To collect baseline information for ecosystem management, we measured and compared the knowledge, attitudes, and interests of critical Eglin audiences: recreational users and neighboring citizens. Factor analysis of surveys of 700 permitted recreational users and 1000 neighboring citizens revealed four content areas for measuring knowledge and attitudes: (1) native and endangered species, (2) fire ecology, (3) forest resources, and (4) ecosystem management. Overall, both audiences lacked basic ecological knowledge and held neutral to slightly positive attitudes toward the key content areas. Recreational users were significantly more knowledgeable than general citizens about native and endangered species, fire ecology, and forests. However, citizens held significantly more positive attitudes toward native and endangered species conservation and ecosystem management concepts. Eglin's consumptive recreationists (hunters and anglers) held the most negative views. Sociodemographic information from the surveys suggest that the recreational users and neighboring citizens are a stable, educable population that would respond positively to programs aimed at improving knowledge of and attitudes toward ecosystem management goals at Eglin.