液化石油气混气站危险性评价

液化石油气的火灾爆炸事故是液化石油气混气站的主要危险。运用数学模型定量分析计算方法,对液化石油气火灾爆炸事故的危险性,即事故易发生性、事故严重程度、波及范围、对危险的抵御能力、现实危险性等进行评价。     

液化石油气储罐泄漏事故后果类型分析

液化石油气是从油气田或石油炼制过程中得到的一部分碳氢化合物。主要成分为C3、C4烷烃。液化石油气(LPG)是重要的燃料及化工原料,同时也是一种易燃、易爆的危险物质,在生产运输,储存和使用过程中极易发生事故。随着液化石油气在工业与民用方面的广泛应用,国内外因操作和管理不慎而发生的液化石油气火灾爆炸事故屡见不鲜。1984年11月19日,墨西哥市郊外国家石油公司液化石油气储运站发生泄漏并引发爆炸,造成650人死亡,6000人受伤。1998年3月5日,西安市煤气公司液化石油气管理所发生严重泄漏爆炸事故,共造成12人死亡,32人受伤,10万居民疏散。这些事故造成的人身伤亡及财产损失等都极为严重。因此,对液化石油气储罐及其管路的事故后果进行分析,提出相应的对策措施,对预防重大事故的发生具有重要意义。     

对液化石油气储配站消防安全的建议

液化石油气储配站是接收和储存液化石油气，并灌瓶和装卸槽车的危险场所，在使用过程中因设备故障、操作失误等原因，极易造成液化石油气泄漏事故。特别是当液化石油气贮罐发生泄漏时，极易酿成恶性火灾爆炸事故，给国家与人民生命财产造成巨大损失。因此，搞好液化石油气...     

液化石油气罐区危险性的定量评价

液化石油气罐区的主要危险是贮罐区发生火灾、爆炸事故。运用数学模型对液化石油气贮罐的危险性进行定量化评价，估算其爆炸事故的严重程度、波及范围、影响程度等     

液化石油气站事故后果分析

本文分析了50t储备量的液化石油气站潜在的危险及有害因素,采用蒸气云爆炸及扩展蒸气云爆炸两种分析方法,对其事故后果进行分析。结果表明,液化石油气站发生火灾爆炸事故的影响范围很大,蒸气云爆炸远高于扩展蒸气云爆炸的破坏范围。本文分析结果可为液化石油气站日常管理以及事故预防与应急处理提供借鉴。     

液化石油气混气站危险性评价

液化石油汽的火灾爆炸事故是液化石油气混气站的主要危险。动用数学模型定量分析计算方法，对液化石油气火灾爆炸事故的危险性，即事故易发生性，事故严重程度，波及范围，对危险的抵御能力，现实危险性等评价。     

液化石油气储罐区火灾爆炸事故分析与危险控制

针对液化石油气罐区的火灾、爆炸危险性进行分析和辨识;运用重大事故模拟方法,对某液化石油气罐区火灾、爆炸事故的事故范围(半径)进行模拟;根据模拟结果,提出了预防罐区火灾、爆炸事故的控制措施.     

液化石油气钢瓶泄漏影响范围研究

为了减少液化石油气爆炸事故的发生,采用ALOHA程序对液化石油气钢瓶泄漏进行研究,对喷射火灾、蒸汽云爆炸、沸腾液体蒸汽云爆炸这三种事故情节进行模拟计算,通过定量计算得到每种事故情节危害的影响范围。结果表明,液化石油气钢瓶泄漏所产生的事故情节不同,对造成人员伤亡、财产损失等严重的事故后果也有差异及在考虑热辐射对人的伤害程度时,不仅要考虑暴露时间,还要考虑暴露范围的大小。     

液化石油气瓶存储使用常见隐患

近年来,液化石油气爆燃爆炸事故时有发生,有些事故还造成严重后果.2011年11月14日,陕西省西安市高新技术开发区内一肉夹馍店因阀门操作不当,导致钢瓶液化石油气泄漏引发爆炸,造成11人死亡、31人受伤.2012年11月23日,山西省晋中市寿阳县喜羊羊火锅店发生液化石油气泄漏爆炸事故,并引发大火,造成14人死亡、47人受伤.为此,2013年1月,国务院安委会下发了《国务院安委会关于深入开展餐饮场所燃气安全专项治理的通知》,要求开展餐饮场所燃气安全专项整治,可以说是切中要害.     

化学事故应急救援知识讲座第七讲液化石油气事故现场应急救援预案

液化石油气是一种广泛应用于工业生产和居民日常生活的燃料，液化石油气从储罐中泄漏出来很容易与空气形成爆炸混合物。若在短时间内大量泄漏，可以在现场很大范围内形成液化气蒸气云，遇明火、静电或处置不慎打出火星，就会导致爆炸事故的发生。随着液化石油气使用范围的不断扩大和用量的不断加大，近年来较大的液化石油气泄漏、爆炸事故时有发生，对人民生命财产造成了极大的威胁。     

惰性气体抑制油气爆炸的机理分析及实验模拟

从经典燃烧学、化学反应动力学的基本理论出发,分析了惰性气体抑制油气爆炸的作用机理,通过试验模拟研究了惰性气体抑制油气爆炸的作用规律,为惰性气体防爆抑爆技术的工艺实施、系统设计和关键参数计算提供了依据.     

CFD-based assessment and visualization of the failure consequences of LPG tankers

This paper presents a simulation analysis of the explosions following an LPG leak and visualizes the consequences of the accident to reduce the consequences of the LPG leak explosion. Firstly, this paper proposes a CFD numerical simulation-based method for visualizing the consequences of LPG tanker failure. The method combines satellite maps and CFD numerical simulation data to visualize the consequences of LPG leaks and explosions, taking into account the influence of obstacles on the danger range of leaks and explosions; Secondly, this paper applies the method to a liquefied petroleum gas accident that occurred in the Wenling section of the Shenhai Expressway and performs CFD numerical simulation on the accident process and visualizes the consequences of the accident. Therefore, this method can provide a theoretical reference for the prior prevention of LPG accidents and the analysis of the consequences of accidents, as well as certain practical guidance instructive.     

采煤工作面瓦斯爆炸事故树分析

根据矿井采煤面瓦斯爆炸的一些典型事例，概括出导致瓦斯爆炸的基本事件，编制了采煤工作面瓦斯爆炸事故树。应用事故树分析中的最小割集、最小径集和结构重要度，对矿井采煤工作面瓦斯爆炸事故进行了研究。结论表明，严格控制瓦斯浓度，杜绝一切火源，是预防矿井瓦斯爆炸的基本途径。     

Modelling large-scale vented gas explosions in a twin-compartment enclosure

Natural gas and LPG are common fuels that have been used relatively safely in the home for many decades. However, when there is a release of gas within a dwelling, or gas from a leaking external pipeline migrates into a building, an explosion may occur. Most of the experimental research into vented gas explosions has been conducted in single enclosure, cuboid or spherical geometries which are not representative of accidental explosions in dwellings or process industries. This paper discusses the findings of a comprehensive large-scale experimental programme undertaken by British Gas Research and Development and also compares FLACS CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulations against a number of these experiments. The results suggest that the software is useful in gaining a greater understanding of the dynamics of explosion development in dwellings. The paper highlights areas of good performance of the software as well as areas of shortcomings where further understanding and modelling effort is needed.     

液化石油气贮罐的危险性评价及安全对策

根据道化学公司火灾爆炸危险度评价原理,通过对某公司200m^3和100m^3液化石油气贮存系统的危险性因素分析,进行了液化石油气贮存系统火灾、爆炸危险性的评价,针对液化石油气的火灾爆炸事故隐患提出了事故防范的安全对策。     

Flame-propagation behavior and a dynamic model for the thermal-radiation effects in coal-dust explosions

To reveal the flame-propagation behavior and the thermal-radiation effects during coal-dust explosions, two coal-dust clouds were tested in a semi-enclosed vertical combustion tube. A high-speed video camera and a thermal infrared imaging device were used to record the flame-propagation process and the thermal-radiation effects of the fireball at the combustion-tube outlet. The flame propagated more quickly and with a higher temperature in the more volatile coal-dust cloud. The coal-dust concentration also significantly affected the propagation behavior of the combustion zone. When the coal-dust concentration was increased, the flame-propagation velocity and the fireball temperature increased before decreasing overall. Based on the experimental results, a dynamic model of the thermal radiation was employed to describe the changes in the fireballs quantitatively and to estimate the thermal-radiation effects during coal-dust explosions.     

Predictive correlations for leaking heat transfer fluid aerosols in air

Mist or aerosol explosions present a serious hazard to process industries. Heat transfer fluids are widely used in the chemical process industry, are flammable above their flash points, and can cause aerosol explosions. Though the possibility of aerosol explosions has been widely documented, knowledge about their explosive potential is limited. Studying the formation of such aerosols by emulating leaks in process equipment will help define a source term for aerosol dispersions and aid in characterizing their explosion hazards.Current research conducted at the Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center involves the non-intrusive measurement of heat transfer fluid aerosol sprays using a Malvern Diffraction Particle Analyzer. A predictive correlation relating aerosol droplet diameters to bulk liquid pressures, temperatures, thermal and fluid properties, leak sizes, and ambient conditions is presented. This correlation can be used to predict the conditions under which leaks will result in the formation of aerosols and ultimately help in estimating the explosion hazards of heat transfer fluid aerosols. The goal is to provide information that will help improve safety in process industries.     

Simplified multiple equations' inverse problem of vented vessels subjected to internal gas explosions

This paper analyses the experimental data reported by Höchst and Leuckel (1998) for combustion in partially confined vessels and uses the data from these experiments to establish the burning rate based on a simplified model for the combustion process in such vessels. The model establishes three fundamental parameters which are necessary in characterizing the combustion process. These are: i) the burning rate, ii) the fraction of vent area occupied by burnt gas (or discharge sub-model), and iii) the vent area model (if cover mechanisms with variable vent areas are utilized). A set of independent equations is derived to determine the burning rate according to conservation of mass and volume for each gas fraction separately along with a general equation based on general volume conservation. Using this method we are able to describe the combustion process and examine the effect of various discharge models. The advantages of the model presented here include rapid applicability and a valuable analysis to derive mass burn rate and other useful parameters using experimental data from vented explosions with reasonable residual reactant values. Based on these results, the correct interpretation of the obtained burning rate can be used in order to explain the correct prediction of flame velocity and position according to a reasonable discharge model. The paper also evaluates the suitability of several discharge models for phenomenological models of vented explosions. The most appropriate is a Heaviside step function which considers that only unburnt gas is initially expelled, with that component decreasing and the burnt gas component increasing until finally only burnt gas is expelled. The obtained results in this study can be used to predict the burning rate behavior and the combustion process of similar problems.     

锅炉燃烧可燃废气的安全技术

介绍了锅炉燃烧废气的主要安全措施,即采取合理的设计方案,周密的安全措施,精心施工,严格执行操作规程,加强操作工人的技术培训,建立健全合理的规章制度和运行操作规程,炉膛爆炸是完全可以避免的.     

Quantitative risk analysis of urban natural gas pipeline networks using geographical information systems

This paper presents a novel quantitative risk analysis process for urban natural gas pipeline networks using geographical information systems (GIS). The process incorporates an assessment of failure rates of integrated pipeline networks, a quantitative analysis model of accident consequences, and assessments of individual and societal risks. Firstly, the failure rates of the pipeline network are calculated using empirical formulas influenced by parameters such as external interference, corrosion, construction defects, and ground movements. Secondly, the impacts of accidents due to gas leakage, diffusion, fires, and explosions are analyzed by calculating the area influenced by poisoning, burns, and deaths. Lastly, based on the previous analyses, individual risks and social risks are calculated. The application of GIS technology helps strengthen the quantitative risk analysis (QRA) model and allows construction of a QRA system for urban gas pipeline networks that can aid pipeline management staff in demarcating high risk areas requiring more frequent inspections.