某炼铁厂高炉炉前除尘改造工程设计

根据出铁场烟尘特性,结合某炼铁厂高炉出铁场实际情况,分析炉前除尘系统现有问题,对原反吹风布袋除尘器进行技术改造,采用长袋低压脉冲袋式除尘器进行除尘,取得了成功,为今后类似工程积累了设计经验。     

南钢1~#、2~#高炉出铁场除尘系统风量集中改造的实践

论述了南钢1#、2#炉出铁场除尘风量集中改造技术,并对风量集中改造的原因、改造方案和效果进行评定,利用两个高炉共用一个出铁场除尘器的特点,瞬时将风量集中到单座大喷的高炉,强化异常生产状态下铁口抽风的效果,解决大喷时厂房"冒烟"的问题。     

邯钢炼铁系统粉尘污染防治技术分析

重点介绍了邯钢新建2000m^3高炉（7^#高炉）出铁场和槽下上料系统粉尘污染治理方面的成功经验，并对应用电除尘器处理粉尘的技术进行了简要分析。     

高炉出铁场除尘设备

1.高炉出铁场除尘系统概要新日铁从1970年开始对出铁场除尘系统进行了研究,研究结果已用在新建的大型高炉出铁场,取得了显著效果。在原有的高炉出铁场设置除尘系统,将受到平面布置和施工等多方面的限制,但该公司利用高炉维修的机会逐步进行改造,目前大部分的改造工作已结束。     

高炉出铁场烟尘治理技术综述

1 概述1.1 高炉出铁场烟尘污染严重 高炉炼铁逐步向大型化方向发展,生铁产量不断提高,高炉出铁场烟尘对环境的污染也日趋加剧。其特点主要表现在以下四个方面: (1)污染源分布范围广。高炉出铁场烟尘主要是从出铁口、撇渣器、下渣沟、铁水沟及摆动流嘴等部位产生。高炉出铁时,出铁场几乎有一半面积不同程度地散发出烟尘,产生辐射热。在出铁末期,出铁口还喷出含CO的烟气,不仅严重污染了周围的环境,而且直接影响了工人的操作和身体健康。     

某大型高炉出铁场的烟尘治理及改进措施

莱钢炼铁厂结合3 200m3高炉现场实际情况,在沟盖密封方面实施了创新改造,对平坦化大型高炉出铁场烟尘控制实施了本质化改进,改进后的盖板采用了"迷宫式"的密封结构,不仅密封效果好,而且美观耐用,完全可做到出铁场烟尘的零排放。     

高炉出铁场除尘及Fluent应用研究

高炉出铁时散发的烟尘是钢铁厂主要污染源之一,铁口部位是出铁场除尘的关键点和难点.详细介绍了高炉出铁场烟尘的特点、除尘罩及除尘罩的设置要求,以及大型高炉出铁场铁口烟尘的3种主要捕集方式及各自的技术特点和发展趋势.建立了除尘罩流场模型并确立了边界条件,应用Fluent软件模拟不同罩口速度即除尘风量下除尘罩的温度场,并依此比...     

国外大型高炉出铁场的除尘技术

七十年代以来,随着大型钢铁联合企业的出现,国外建成了一批4000～5000米~3的高炉,向大型化方向发展。大型高炉出铁场的除尘已成为生产操作中不可缺少的一项技术措施,这是因为:1.高炉出铁场的烟尘,一般是从铁口、渣口、铁沟、渣沟、撇渣器和摆动流嘴等部位产生的。这些部位都处于操作人员呼吸带以下,即出铁场平台面上,所产生的烟气     

轻型顶吸旋臂捕尘罩在高炉出铁口的应用

根据首钢3#高炉出铁场的特点,通过几种方案的比较,提出了轻型顶吸旋转悬臂罩捕集方案,论述了该罩的特点及参数.实践证明,该方案完全可行,可为同类高炉出铁场除尘推广使用.     

安钢高炉出铁场除尘工程实践

六号高炉炉前出铁场工程是一项工业污染治理项目，该项目结合安钢实际，利用较少的投资，解决了多年困扰炼铁厂的炉前烟尘污染的问题，该技术结合目前国内中小高炉出铁场综合治理的经验，提出了顶吸加侧吸的综合捕集方式，极大地改善了出铁场的烟尘污染状况，同时回收的粉尘又有极高的利用价值，取得了一定的经济效益。     

不同堆积型式硫化矿石堆积体温度场数值模拟

基于有限元数值方法,研究硫化矿石堆积体温度场的空间分布规律,建立硫化矿石堆积体温度场数值模型。利用该模型,计算了不同堆积型式的硫化矿石堆积体温度场演化规律,按照结构堆积型式分为:三角形堆积体和梯形堆积体。计算结果表明,硫化矿石堆积体温度分布受堆积型式影响显著:对于靠侧壁呈三角形的堆积型式,温度场关于侧壁角点和坡面中点连线对称分布;对于平面地基上梯形的堆积型式,温度场并不完全关于过形心点垂线对称分布。在两种型式的堆积过程中堆积体内最高温度值基本相同,而在后期堆放过程中,采用梯形堆积型式的最高温度值较三角形堆积型式的计算结果偏低。     

Box Handling in the Loading and Unloading of Vans

The handling of 2,306 boxes being loaded or unloaded from vans onto or from 4-wheeled trolleys by 31 handlers in a warehouse were characterized. Handling was videotaped and characterized through an analysis grid completed by three trained observers. The following execution parameters were observed: nature of the exertion applied by the upper limbs, plane and direction of the exertion, resulting displacement of the box, grip, use of the lower limbs and the back. Results show that execution parameters used by handlers vary considerably from those usually recommended or studied. For example, symmetric grips were rarely used (4%). The grip was modified during the handling of half the boxes. Significant knee flexion was rarely observed (3% of exertions). Each box was moved by applying an average of . 3.5 different exertions. Exertions were mostly applied in a plane parallel to the shoulders; they were rarely executed in a strict sagittal plane (11%). The implication of these observations are discussed.     

冷板冻结物理模拟试验研究

为了提升地铁工程盾构管片破损抢险应急救援能力,在广佛线某区间地铁隧道管片冻结封水工程中使用矩形截面的外置冻结器—冻结冷板。采用物理模拟试验,对混凝土结构外敷冷板冻结形式下的冻结规律进行系统研究,研究单排冷板、双排冷板及冻结盘管的冻结温度场变化规律,分析不同布置形式下冻结壁的界面、主面温度分布特征。研究结果表明:在冷板冻结形势下,主、界面温度分布曲线在浅部呈对数曲线形式,随深度的增加逐渐过渡成线性分布,冻结器与冻结介质的热交换面积大小对冻结效果影响比重大,适当的布置形式能大大提高冻结效率和效果。冷板冻结形式可以有效加强土层与混凝土结构交接面的冻结效果,提高交界面上胶结强度,提高冻结施工安全。     

考虑尾矿材料参数空间变异性的尾矿坝稳定可靠度分析

为客观地评价尾矿坝稳定性,在随机场理论和极限平衡分析框架下,采用考虑参数空间变异性尾矿坝可靠度分析的非侵入式随机有限元法,通过Karhunen Loève级数展开方法离散尾矿材料参数（渗透系数、摩擦角等）随机场,利用Hermite随机多项式展开拟合尾矿坝安全系数与输入参数之间的隐式函数关系;再采用拉丁超立方抽样技术产生输入参数样本点求解多项式展开系数;最后,通过应用到一实际尾矿坝工程说明了该方法的有效性。结果表明,该方法可以真实地模拟尾矿材料的空间变异性对尾矿坝稳定性的影响,保证尾矿坝可靠度分析与确定性稳定分析互不耦合,与10 000次直接拉丁超立方抽样方法相比,该方法具有较高的计算精度和效率。     

基于组合定位海量数据处理的铁路机车安全距离预警

针对我国铁路机车定位数据丢失时有发生的现象,阐述了以现有较成熟的GNSS/INS/DR（Global Navigation Satellite System/Inertial Navigation System/Dead Reckoning）组合定位装置构建铁路机车定位的系统架构。在此基础上,针对海量位置数据,引入Hadoop技术,给出了采用HBase存储海量位置信息数据的方法,采用MapReduce校正位置信息数据及安全距离计算的方法。经实验验证,该方案在需要大量数据存取的情况下,采用MapReduce进行分布式数据分析效率更高,扩展性更好。     

行为矫正法在建筑火灾安全中的应用研究

随着建筑物防火性能化的发展以及人行为机理的复杂性 ,要求应用更多的学科研究建筑物火灾中人的行为与安全疏散理论。行为矫正学是一门基于过去经验与实验研究的学科 ,笔者在阐述其基本原理和特点的基础上 ,提出了在灾害事故中应用此方法的模式 ,然后结合高层建筑物火灾疏散的特点 ,对高层居民建筑物发生火灾时 ,如何矫正人的一些不正确F行为和提高火灾安全进行了探讨。分析了矫正模式的功能和干预的措施。     

橇装式 LNG 汽车加气站防雷安全研究

橇装式LNG汽车加气站作为新型加气站的一种,其一旦发生雷击并引发火灾或爆炸将造成不可估量的损失,因此橇装式LNG汽车加气站的防雷安全十分重要。在结合橇装式LNG汽车加气站所处环境及其系统特点,雷电对其破坏机理和途径,分析了造成雷电灾害因子。通过计算分析,运用ADBSGP现代综合防雷技术从防直击雷、防闪电感应、防雷击电磁脉冲等方面入手,提出了安装外部防雷装置、采用防雷等电位连接技术作为防闪电感应措施,采取屏蔽和安装SPD作为防雷击空间电磁场和闪电电涌侵入措施。     

Safety assessment of automated vehicles: how to determine whether we have collected enough field data?

Abstract

Objective: The amount of collected field data from naturalistic driving studies is quickly increasing. The data are used for, among others, developing automated driving technologies (such as crash avoidance systems), studying driver interaction with such technologies, and gaining insights into the variety of scenarios in real-world traffic. Because data collection is time consuming and requires high investments and resources, questions like “Do we have enough data?,” “How much more information can we gain when obtaining more data?,” and “How far are we from obtaining completeness?” are highly relevant. In fact, deducing safety claims based on collected data—for example, through testing scenarios based on collected data—requires knowledge about the degree of completeness of the data used. We propose a method for quantifying the completeness of the so-called activities in a data set. This enables us to partly answer the aforementioned questions.

Method: In this article, the (traffic) data are interpreted as a sequence of different so-called scenarios that can be grouped into a finite set of scenario classes. The building blocks of scenarios are the activities. For every activity, there exists a parameterization that encodes all information in the data of each recorded activity. For each type of activity, we estimate a probability density function (pdf) of the associated parameters. Our proposed method quantifies the degree of completeness of a data set using the estimated pdfs.

Results: To illustrate the proposed method, 2 different case studies are presented. First, a case study with an artificial data set, of which the underlying pdfs are known, is carried out to illustrate that the proposed method correctly quantifies the completeness of the activities. Next, a case study with real-world data is performed to quantify the degree of completeness of the acquired data for which the true pdfs are unknown.

Conclusion: The presented case studies illustrate that the proposed method is able to quantify the degree of completeness of a small set of field data and can be used to deduce whether sufficient data have been collected for the purpose of the field study. Future work will focus on applying the proposed method to larger data sets. The proposed method will be used to evaluate the level of completeness of the data collection on Singaporean roads, aimed at defining relevant test cases for the autonomous vehicle road approval procedure that is being developed in Singapore.     

Updating the economic cost of large-scale industrial accidents: Application to the historical analysis of accidents

This paper analyses the feasibility of applying different update rates of industrial prices to the economic assessments of accidents with special emphasis on those related to the chemical process industry. The advantages and disadvantages of applying this technique to the historical analysis of accidents are analysed and compared with the results obtained with the five most widely used indexes. The results of a general analysis of the historical evolution of the cost of accidents recorded in two prestigious databases are also presented. Valid data are obtained for decision-making with regard to insurance premiums, revaluation of assets and risk management (administration, safety management of large chemical complexes).