协调环境与发展的公共战略决策

本文以环境与发展综合决策机制的指导，社会经济环境可持续发展为目标，公众参与为行为准则，分析了目前公共战略决策制定过程中较少考虑环境影响的现状，提出了协调环境与发展的公共战略决策，探讨了体现环境与发展协调思想的公共战略决策的内涵和技术方法。     

珠三角城市群人居环境高质量发展时空演化特征及影响因素

综合运用熵权法、协调度研究了2010—2019年珠三角城市群人居环境高质量发展时空演化特征,并采用障碍度分析了该城市群影响人居环境高质量发展的障碍因子。结果表明:①珠三角城市群人居环境高质量水平呈上升的态势,空间分布呈“屋脊”式格局,区域差异明显。②在人居环境高质量五大准则层中,除生态环境外,其他四大准则层均表现为波动上升态势,协调度呈现高质量低协调和低质量高协调两种差异。③公共基础服务、社会经济和居住环境对珠三角城市群人居环境高质量发展障碍度较大。     

论环境公共治理的民主协商与沟通功能

生态文明建设进程实际上包含了多元主体对环境伦理的价值建构和对环境公共治理实践活动的参与。采用个案分析法论证我国社区环境公共治理范式对民主协商机制的创新。研究发现,执政党对生态文明建设管理制度的变革为社会组织参与环境决策、环境立法和环境司法等民主协商活动提供了多元合作与协调的制度性建构渠道,而基层政府在社区开展的环境公共治理运动则有效地整合了社区环保力量,提升了公众参与公共治理协商的集体凝聚力及责任意识。     

论建立我国西部大开发的环境与发展综合决策机制

针对西部地区生态环境自身的脆弱性和生态环境影响的全局性特点，党中央、国务院作出了西部大开发环境与发展并举的国家战略决策。在加快我国西部大开发步伐的同时，在各级、各地区政府的决策中，建立适应西部大开发环境与发展并举的国家战略的环境与发展综合决策机制，是实现我国西部大开发社会、经济与环境可持续发展的重要保证。一、我国西部大开发是环境与发展并举的国事战略决策我国西部地区包括西北的陕西、宁夏、甘肃、青海和新疆，以及西南的云南、贵州、四川、重庆和西藏等10个省、市和自治区。西部地区土地面积约占全国的57％，人…     

国家突发环境事件应急预案

1总则 1．1编制目的 建立健全突发环境事件应急机制，提高政府应对涉及公共危机的突发环境事件的能力，维护社会稳定，保障公众生命健康和财产安全，保护环境，促进社会全面、协调、可持续发展。     

公共文化服务承载力与经济高质量发展耦合协调性研究——以郑州都市圈为例

为了探索公共文化服务承载力与经济高质量发展之间的影响机制,选取郑州都市圈2010—2020年9个城市的面板数据进行实证分析,使用PSR模型构建综合评价指标体系,运用熵值法、耦合协调度模型揭示了两个子系统之间的协调程度及其时空演变特征,并运用灰色关联模型探究其内在驱动机理。结果表明：(1)研究期内,郑州都市圈公共文化服务承载力与经济高质量发展水平呈逐年上升态势,二者高值集中于中部地区,空间呈现中心—边缘溢出效应。(2)研究期末,绝大部分城市耦合协调度过渡至初级协调状态,但中心城市与边缘城市仍存在区域差距性。(3)居民文化消费支出、公共文化场馆、设施数量为主要驱动影响因素,对系统耦合存在显著的正向影响,而政策调控力的推动作用有限。     

陕西省土地城市化与人居环境耦合协调关系研究

在城市化进程中实现土地城市化与人居环境高度耦合协调,对于促进区域社会经济的可持续发展具有重要的现实意义。以陕西省10个地级城市为研究对象,通过构建耦合度与协调度评价模型对2001~2014年陕西省土地城市化与人居环境耦合协调关系进行了研究。结果表明:(1)2001~2014年,陕西省绝大多数城市土地城市化落后于人居环境的发展水平,各城市间的综合发展水平差异相对较大。(2)各城市土地城市化与人居环境之间的耦合程度主要以拮抗阶段为主,且空间差异显著。(3)土地城市化与人居环境之间的协调度多数处于低度协调阶段,出现了以西安为中心,关中平原为轴带,逐渐向南北方向扩散的趋势。(4)扭转协调程度"中心-外围"发展的现状是实现陕西省土地城市化与人居环境协调发展的重要条件。     

上海市中小学环境教育协调委员会功能研讨

上海市中小学环境教育协调委员会功能研讨上海市中小学环境教育协调委员会邓文剑，俞韵仙，胡辰灿上海市中小学环境教育协调委员会自１９８６年成立至今，已有１０个春秋。１０年来，她对上海中小学的环境教育发展起到了积极的推动作用，在走出一条有中国特色的环境保护教...     

区域环境--经济协调发展定量分析方法研究

本文对目前常用的环境与经济协调发展分析方法的优劣和特点进行了具体分析，指出现在常用的进行可持续发展水平定量分析的层次分析法存在明显的缺陷，以及现有的几种评价环境与经济之间协调程度的方法的局限性。提出了较为客观实用的评估方法，即依据系统分析和数理统计的原理利用主成分分析进行环境——经济协调度分析，并对环境——经济协调度定量评估的步骤、方法包括测算方法的选择、数学模型的建构进行深入的探讨和研究，以南阳市为例对该方法进行了验证。     

关于完善中国环境保护法律体系的设想

已初步形成的我国环境法律体系，为促进环境保护事业发展发挥了重要作用，但仍需进一步完善。由于我国主要实行各单项法律，以单个环境要素为其调整对象的立法模式，随着各单项法律的先后制定或者修订，必然在各单项法律之间导致彼此不协调，特别是与之相伴的某些主要管理制度和措施的规定在不同的单项法律之间存在不协调，这在客观上要求国家结合新的形势和任务，制定一部更高阶位的基本法律，用以宣示国家环境政策，并有效整合各单项环境法律存在的问题。     

Calibrating climate change policies: the causes and consequences of sustained under-reaction

We apply insights from the recent literature on disproportionate policy reactions to the case of climate change policy-making. We show when and why climate change exhibits features of a sustained under-reaction: Governments may react to concerns about climate change not through substantive change but by efforts to manage blame strategically. As long as they can avoid blame for potential negative policy outcomes policy-makers can act to deny problems, or implement only small-scale or symbolic reforms. While this pattern may change as climate change problems worsen and public recognition of the issue and what can be done about it alters, opportunities to manage blame will still exist. Governments will only revert to more substantive interventions when attempts to fatalistically frame the problem as unavoidable fail in the face of increased public visibility.     

Integrating urban ecosystem sustainability assessment into policy-making: insights from the Gold Coast City

This paper introduces a policy-making support tool called ‘Micro-level Urban-ecosystem Sustainability IndeX (MUSIX)’. The index serves as a sustainability assessment model that monitors six aspects of urban ecosystems – hydrology, ecology, pollution, location, design, and efficiency – based on parcel-scale indicators. This index is applied in a case study investigation in the Gold Coast City, Queensland, Australia. The outcomes reveal that there are major environmental problems caused by increased impervious surfaces from growing urban development in the study area. The findings suggest that increased impervious surfaces are linked to increased surface runoff, car dependency, transport-related pollution, poor public transport accessibility, and unsustainable built environment. This paper presents how the MUSIX outputs can be used to guide policy-making through the evaluation of existing policies.     

城市可持续发展的定量评价

以经济、社会和环境为基础,运用层次分析法构建城市可持续发展指标体系,并采用主成分分析法提取主因子,对指标体系进行重新构建,最后计算城市可持续发展综合指数,用于分析和阐述城市可持续发展现状,为决策部门制定可持续发展方案提供依据.     

Quality of life and sustainability: Toward person–environment congruity

In the light of sustainable development requirements, environmental psychology has an increasing role to play in addressing people–environment congruity. People–environment congruity refers to the interrelation between the individual and his or her (especially: residential) environment, considering the match between individual life satisfaction and objective standards of living. Promoting human well-being requires looking beyond singular effects of environmental features and considering people's overall relationship to their environment. This leads us to look at the residential environment as the place where people–environment congruity is crucial, and to propose a framework of analyses of the conditions of congruity between objective and subjective assessment of environmental stressors in relation to the individual and social expression of well-being. The paper concludes with the implications of people–environment congruity for research and policy-making about sustainable development.     

安徽省经济发展与生态环境耦合协调评价与趋势预测

本文遵循客观、科学、综合原则,运用熵值赋权法,对经济与生态环境系统进行了评价;采用动态耦合模型及剪刀差分析方法对经济发展与生态环境系统耦合协调状况进行了考察;借助Excel 2003软件,通过作散点图,比较拟合优度分析方法,对两者的协调前景进行了预测。结果表明:①经济发展与生态环境系统综合指数分别由2005年的0.2934、0.4198跃升至2015年的0.6236、0.4198,经济发展系统升幅明显高于生态环境系统。②2005—2015年,经济发展与生态环境系统动态耦合度均值为-6.95°,整体处于由低级协调向协调演进状态,而两者间演化速度夹角由2005年的18.56°扩展至2015年的82.4°。③若按既有惯性发展模式,2020年经济发展与生态环境系统耦合度将达155.74°,预期处于极限发展状态。基于研究结果,本文提出了相应的应对策略,可为新常态下安徽省制定经济与生态文明融动发展政策提供决策参考。     

The value of mixed method content analysis for understanding renewable energy deployment and policy outcomes

Transitioning to renewable energy has become a global phenomenon. Attempts to explain development patterns are often fragmented, focusing on specific rationale for (un)successful deployment or the perspective of specific stakeholders. We recognize the importance for holistic insights for successful and effective environmental policy-making and planning in the context of renewable energy development. Using wind energy as an example, this paper provides methodological toolkits for utilizing content analysis (CA) to gain more holistic insights on renewable energy deployment and policy outcomes. Building on existing literature, past and ongoing research, three variations of CA are presented for understanding stakeholder conflicts surrounding wind energy development as well as public perceptions and responses to the technology across space and over time. Although newspapers are used as an example, these methodological protocols could be applied to diverse forms of data such as interviews, policy documents, reports, public meetings and letters of appeal.     

The use of best management practices to respond to externalities from developing shale gas resources

The public is concerned that activities accompanying hydraulic fracturing in the development of shale gas resources are unnecessarily adversely affecting them and the environment and is petitioning elected representatives to take actions to reduce risks. The health risks associated with fracturing chemicals and air pollutants are relatively unknown and constitute the impetus for public concern. An evaluation of state legal and regulatory provisions regarding best management practices discloses that states are not adopting timely regulations to protect people and the environment from activities accompanying hydraulic fracturing. Simultaneously, regulatory policy concerning negative externalities suggests that governments underinvest in the protection of human health and environmental quality. Governments have choices in protecting people from dangers that accompany shale gas development. Due to the risks of injuries and unpaid damages from shale gas development, governmental policies need to evolve to accord people greater health protection.     

Proportionate and disproportionate policy responses to climate change: core concepts and empirical applications

A fresh perspective on policy-making and planning has emerged which views disproportionate policy as an intentional policy response. A disproportionate policy response is understood to be a lack of ‘fit’ or balance between the costs of a public policy and the benefits that are derived from this policy, and between policy ends and means. This paper applies this new perspective on the proportionality of policy-making to the area of climate change. The first part of the paper discusses the underlying causes of disproportionate policy responses in broad terms and then applies the theoretical reasoning to understand the conditions in which they are likely to appear in relation to climate change. These conditions are hypothesized to relate to four main factors: economic considerations; levels of public demand; focusing events; and strategic considerations. It concludes with the suggestion that societal actors may be able to manipulate these four factors to encourage politicians to adopt policies that mitigate climate change more rapidly than is currently the case in most countries.     

以跨学科模型体系支撑经济社会绿色低碳发展

正2020年9月22日,国家主席习近平在第七十五届联合国大会一般性辩论上发表重要讲话,承诺我国将提高国家自主贡献力度,采取更有力的政策和措施,二氧化碳排放力争于2030年前达到峰值,于2060年前实现碳中和。实现"双碳"目标的关键在于控制化石能源消费,而能源是经济发展的物质基础,节能降碳措施将为我国经济发展带来显著压力。今后一段时间内,我国将面临节能减排与后疫情重建的双重挑战,亟须开展相关理论与实证研究,为绿色低碳发展提供科学依据。     

ECO-ENGINEERING-THE CHALLENGE OF RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT1

It is presumed that the present environmental thrust is not a wholly transitory fad; that there will be a residual impact on American society which will demand greater consideration in the future of ecological and environmental values by resource developers and public works agencies. An example is cited to show the validity of the environmental thrust and the severe consequences of ignoring it under the present emphasis on this aspect of resource development. An attempt is made to understand some of the reasons for the dramatic change in public attitude toward the environment and opposition to projects of apparent benefit to society. It is suggested that basic changes in philosophy and concept will be necessary in the field of resource development. Some broad ecological and developmental guidelines are provided in the interest of implementing environmental considerations. Finally, those involved in resource development and public works are challenged to accept the concept of eco-engineering; a concept combining the competing elements of resource development and conservation.