基于杜邦STOP的现场行为安全审计研究

针对企业安全生产中的员工不安全行为,以行为安全管理理论为基础并结合杜邦STOP方法,对行为安全审计概念进行了界定,并明确了行为安全审计的特点,同时结合不安全行为影响因素以及企业安全事故原因的分析,探讨了基于杜邦STOP的现场行为安全审计的主要内容及实施流程.该研究可为控制企业员工的不安全行为提供新的思路和方法.     

安全行为的心理分析

在对一些国际知名公司HSE事故和统计报告分析研究基础上,阐述了注重安全行为和习惯培养的重要性,并通过对安全行为的心理学分析,为建立HSE体系后企业如何继续提升其HSE业绩提供了借鉴.     

行为安全体系在石化企业安全文化中的应用探讨

论述了行为安全体系对石化企业安全文化的影响以及安全心理学在行为体系中的作用,阐释了利用行为安全体系来构建石化企业安全文化的方法措施。     

机场安全氛围与LMX对员工安全行为的影响研究

为研究机场组织领导—部属交换关系(Leader-Member Exchange,LMX)、部门安全氛围对员工安全行为的影响机制以及安全氛围在其中的调节效应,从领导与组织氛围的视角寻找影响人员安全行为的重要因素,改善机场人员安全行为。提出研究假设,构建跨层次理论模型,并在武汉天河国际机场、广州白云国际机场、成都双流国际机场三个综合性机场进行线上线下相结合的问卷调查,获取数据后,借助SPSS19.0软件进行描述性统计分析、量表信效度分析,同时借助HLM6.0软件进行多层线性模型回归分析,从而验证了研究假设,即LMX与安全氛围对员工安全参与行为和安全遵守行为都有正向的促进作用,而安全氛围在LMX对安全行为的影响中起到负向调节作用,并挖掘出机场组织中LMX与安全氛围对员工安全行为影响的替代效应。     

基于TPB的炼化装置大检修违章安全管理应用实践

针对安全管理制度、监督制度、安全黑名单等对违章行为态度、违章主观规范和违章知觉行为控制的重要影响,构建了基于计划行为理论的炼化装置大检修违章安全管理模式,并通过强化管理制度建设、建立违章黑名单、全员安全积分劳动竞赛等具体应用实践,有效降低并避免实际违章行为,充分保障了装置大检修期间的现场安全。     

管理和人因的安全干预对建筑工人不安全行为的影响研究

管理和人因的安全干预对建筑工人不安全行为的预防至关重要。在对建筑工人不安全行为的影响因素进行识别的基础上,制定了管理和人因的安全干预措施,进而对管理和人因的安全干预与建筑工人不安全行为的影响机理进行理论假设;基于理论假设,考虑项目级和班组级安全氛围、不安全行为的影响因素,从人因层面和管理层面对建筑工人不安全行为展开相关的干预试验,建立了管理安全干预和人因安全干预对建筑工人不安全行为影响的机理模型,并采用SPSS和Amos软件对模型进行了拟合和对比分析。结果表明:①管理安全干预和人因安全干预对项目级安全氛围的提升产生0.171和0.160的正向影响,但管理安全干预比人因安全干预的干预效果好;②管理安全干预实施后,项目级安全氛围的提升对建筑工人不安全行为的减少较为显著;③人因安全干预实施后,班组级安全氛围的提升对建筑工人不安全行为的减少较为显著。该研究成果可为建筑工人不安全行为的组合干预提供一定的理论指导。     

浅谈行为安全与节能管理在煤矿行为管理中的应用

随着经济的发展,我国的煤矿开采事业达到顶峰,但在煤矿工作中总是有出现重大事故的发生.为了能杜绝不安全的行为在煤矿生产活动中出现,也为了更提高在管理煤矿企业的水平,本文在探讨煤矿行为管理中普遍存在的一些问题,将BBS（即为行为安全管理）可以在煤矿行为管理中被得到实际运用.本文在通过分析行为安全管理的原理以及方法,在煤矿实施过程中进行设计行为安全管理,在前期准备阶段,制定企业的行为安全管理改进目标,并对企业的安全状况进行实地考察分析.在行为安全管理上应注重平时的信息反馈以及行为观察,加强职工的教育培训,不断完善考核机制,建立一个对煤矿安全管理的文化对策.     

基于环境心理学的社会个体环境保护行为探析

当前严峻的环境形势迫使人们必须立即改变其污染环境、破坏生态等多种危害环境的行为模式。因此,对处于社会不同角色的环境行为个体,探讨影响群体中个人环境行为的各方面因素,从而更有针对性地通过各种行之有效的技术和策略来影响人们的环境行为是很有意义的。本文不仅在宏观的层面上分析了我国环境管理中政府、企业、公众三大主体的行动现状与不足,还结合了心理学的相关知识,在微观的层面上探讨了个人参与环境保护行为的影响因素（如：环保意识、从众心理、习惯）及干预方法（如：环境教育、提示、强化技术、强制手段）,在一定程度上可以补充国内环境心理学对于环境保护行为研究的不足,更好地促进人们行为的改变,确保环境问题从根本上的解决,继而实现社会的可持续发展。     

HSE观察实施过程中存在的问题与对策

<正>HSE观察是中国石化为各级管理技术人员及班组长特别设计的一种对员工行为及其环境进行观察、沟通与干预的系统性行为安全管理方法,它是通过主动观察员工在作业过程中的行为表现、作业环境等方面来确认已有的制度、要求是否得到有效执行,同时寻找可以改进的方向,并通过有效沟通来提高安全意识、规范安全行为的积极的事故预防方法。1 HSE观察的特点1.1非惩罚性HSE观察不是为了抓住正在进行不安全作业     

建筑工人不安全行为影响因素的多层递阶结构模型研究

借鉴事故系统四要素理论,基于文献综述从人、物、管、环四个方面系统归纳了建筑工人不安全行为的影响因素,集成决策实验室评价法(DEMATEL)和解释结构模型法(ISM)的优点,结合专家咨询法确定了影响因素间的层级关系及其对不安全行为的影响程度,构建了建筑工人不安全行为影响因素的多层递阶结构模型。结果表明:建筑工人不安全行为影响因素分为5个层次,领导对安全的重视是影响因素体系中的深层次因素,社会规范是根层次影响因素。该研究成果有助于推动不安全行为理论体系的完善,使企业专注于关键影响因素并进行有针对性的安全管理,进而提高安全管理的绩效。     

The Impact-Likelihood Matrix: A policy tool for behaviour prioritisation

The proliferation of applied behaviour change science over the past decade has provided new ways of thinking about policy making. Policy makers now have a range of frameworks and methods to assist in formulating change for social and environmental benefits. However, the development of strategies for the identification and prioritisation of target behaviours has been less forthcoming. This paper outlines a tool to assist in behaviour selection. Behaviours are assessed for their potential impact on addressing a specific issue, the likelihood of adoption by the target audience and existing participation levels within the target audience. Each of these characteristics is scored, allowing behaviours to be mapped onto a meaningful, visual, matrix for prioritisation. Additional data on behaviour type and the key perceived barriers to participation in each behaviour are layered onto the matrix to provide direction for intervention design. An application of the prioritisation matrix is presented within an environmental context through a case study of water demand management behaviours for domestic consumers in Australia. The prioritisation matrix could provide a decision-making tool for policy makers to assist in the selection of target behaviours to address complex issues.     

The behaviour of maintenance and the intensive husbandry of cattle,sheep and pigs

A major feature of our living environment consists of the domesticated animals. As their use intensifies so too does the obligation to them — and to their basic life practices — which we acquired at the moment of their domestication. Much of the behaviour of farm animals is concerned with self-maintenance, indeed, highly successful self-maintenance is the basis of animal productivity. Activities involved in such maintenance appear to fall into eight primary categories. These are basically of innate origin and include much instinctive behaviour. The use of these behaviours of reactivity, ingestion, exploration, movement, association, body care, territorialism and rest are vital to the animal in its integration and mediation with its environment. Within these eight primary systems of behaviour, numerous specific behaviours are exhibited in natural free-ranging conditions. Cattle exhibit 44 specific behaviours related to maintenance; sheep have 43 and pigs show 48. All of these above behaviours require environmental facility and where this is deficient, deficits occur in behaviour.Ethological deficits have been determined for methods of husbandry relating to the intensive production of calves, steers, sheep and pigs. Veal calves had 25 behavioural deficits, feedlot cattle had 11, housed sheep had 13 and enstalled swine had 26. These figures give indices of behavioural deprivation ranging from 25% in feedlot cattle to 56% in veal calves in stalls.Anomalous behaviour is now increasingly seen among animals which are managed under close confinement; restricted accommodation in an essentially featureles environment. Much of the anomalous behaviour which has been investigated is found to be the result of aversive environments. Anomalous behaviours are typically found in those forms of husbandry which involve intense grouping of animals and also a lack of what might be termed diversionary facilities in their environment. Reduced input of environmental stimulation and opportunity is evidently capable of acting with adverse effect on functional mediation, so as to generate anomalous forms of behaviour such as “orosthenia” — pathological oral activity. Such abnormal behaviour serves as a symptom of confinement stress. In animal production the application of ethology can provide a monitoring operation for livestock care to ensure welfare and ethological entitlement.     

安全教育在生产及教学中的重要性

本文通过在生产实践中发现的人的不安全行为及不安全因素，认识到安全教育的重要性，推想到安全教育在教学课程中的设置问题。     

Promoting pro-environmental behaviour: existing evidence and policy implications

This paper describes a recent study in the UK aimed at identifying how policy makers might more effectively encourage pro-environmental behaviours amongst their target audiences. The study included analysis and synthesis of theories and models of behaviour change, a range of current policy programmes and instruments and ‘real world’ practices of individuals, households, groups and organisations.The paper highlights some important considerations for future policy within the UK and, more widely, for other countries aiming to introduce comprehensive and multi-level policy programmes to encourage pro-environmental behaviours. To this end, it emphasises the complex and non-linear nature of environmental behaviours and, thus, the importance of adopting multi-levelled and multi-instrument integrated policies across whole systems of delivery.     

Migratory and resident blue tits Cyanistes caeruleus differ in their reaction to a novel object

Individuals differ consistently in their behavioural reactions towards novel objects and new situations. Reaction to novelty is one part of a suit of individually consistent behaviours called coping strategies or personalities and is often summarised as bold or shy behaviour. Coping strategies could be particularly important for migrating birds exposed to novel environments on their journeys. We compared the average approach latencies to a novel object among migrants and residents in partially migratory blue tits Cyanistes caeruleus. In this test, we found migrating blue tits to have shorter approach latencies than had resident ones. Behavioural reactions to novelty can affect the readiness to migrate and short approach latency may have an adaptive value during migration. Individual behaviour towards novelty might be incorporated among the factors associated with migratory or resident behaviour in a partially migratory population.     

The effect of larval and early adult experience on behavioural plasticity of the aphid parasitoid <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aphidius ervi</Emphasis> (Hymenoptera,Braconidae, Aphidiinae)

The relevance of the integration of preimaginal and eclosion experiences on the subsequent habitat preferences and mate finding by the adult has been rarely tested in holometabolous insects. In this work, the effect of larval and early adult experiences on the behavioural responses of adult males of the aphid parasitoid, Aphidius ervi, towards volatiles from the host–plant complex (HPC) and from conspecific females were evaluated. Two experience factors were considered: host diet (normal diet=ND; artificial diet=AD), and eclosion, i.e. extraction or non-extraction of the parasitoid larva from the parasitised aphid (extracted=EX; non-extracted=NE). Thus, four treatments were set up: ND/NE, ND/EX, AD/NE and AD/EX. Glass Y-tube olfactometers were used to investigate the responses of adult A. ervi males to the odour sources used. Males from the ND/NE treatment showed a shorter latency to the first choice of olfactometer arms, displayed a marked preference towards the HPC olfactometer arm, and spent more time in the HPC arm than males from the other treatments. Only the interaction of host diet and eclosion experiences proved to be relevant in explaining the differences in latency to first choice, time spent in olfactometers arms, and behaviours displayed in the olfactometer arms. These results show the importance of the integration of larval and eclosion experiences in the development of stereotyped responses of the adults. This process may involve memory retention from the preimaginal and emergence period, but further research is needed to disentangle the contribution of each stage. The response to conspecific females was much less affected by the treatments in relation to first arm choice and times in olfactometer arms, suggesting a pheromone-mediated behaviour, even though a prompter and more intense wing fanning courtship behaviour was registered in the ND/NE males compared to males from the AD/NE treatment. These results show that sexual behaviours are less affected by early experiences than behaviours related with finding a HPC for foraging or oviposition. Taken together, our results demonstrate for first time that larval and eclosion experiences affect in a differential way the early responses of the adult towards environment-derived cues and mate related cues.     

Evolution of symbiosis with resource allocation from fecundity to survival

Symbiosis is one of the most fundamental relationships between or among organisms and includes parasitism (which has negative effects on the fitness of the interacting partner), commensalism (no effect), and mutualism (positive effects). The effects of these interactions are usually assumed to influence a single component of a species’ fitness, either survival or fecundity, even though in reality the interaction can simultaneously affect both of these components. I used a dual lattice model to investigate the process of evolution of mutualistic symbiosis in the presence of interactive effects on both survival and fecundity. I demonstrate that a positive effect on survival and a negative effect on fecundity are key to the establishment of mutualism. Furthermore, both the parasitic and the mutualistic behaviour must carry large costs for mutualism to evolve. This helps develop a new understanding of symbiosis as a function of resource allocation, in which resources are shifted from fecundity to survival. The simultaneous establishment of mutualism from parasitism never occurs in two species, but can do so in one of the species as long as the partner still behaves parasitically. This suggests that one of the altruistic behaviours in a mutualistic unit consisting of two species must originate as a parasitic behaviour.     

基于微信公众平台的空气质量显示系统的设计与实现研究

空气质量的好坏直接影响着人类的出行和健康,创建便于查询的空气质量显示系统,可以使人们简单直观的了解当日的空气质量指数(AQI).随着互联网的迅猛发展,"微信"逐渐成了人们日常通信的重要工具.本系统利用物联网技术与微信公众平台相结合,提出了空气质量显示系统的设计与实现方案,来建设空气质量显示系统.该系统可从各个区内监测点得到空气质量指数数据,进而将每日各个时段的空气质量指数(AQI)以动态图的方式直观清晰的展示给用户,为人们的出行带来了方便.     

Individual consistency in exploratory behaviour and mating tactics in male guppies

While behavioural plasticity is considered an adaptation to fluctuating social and environmental conditions, many animals also display a high level of individual consistency in their behaviour over time or across contexts (generally termed ‘personality’). However, studies of animal personalities that include sexual behaviour, or functionally distinct but correlated traits, are relatively scarce. In this study, we tested for individual behavioural consistency in courtship and exploratory behaviour in male guppies (Poecilia reticulata) in two light environments (high vs. low light intensity). Based on previous work on guppies, we predicted that males would modify their behaviour from sneak mating tactics to courtship displays under low light conditions, but also that the rank orders of courtship effort would remain unchanged (i.e. highly sexually active individuals would display relatively high levels of courtship under both light regimes). We also tested for correlations between courtship and exploratory behaviour, predicting that males that had high display rates would also be more likely to approach a novel object. Although males showed significant consistency in their exploratory and mating behaviour over time (1 week), we found no evidence that these traits constituted a behavioural syndrome. Furthermore, in contrast to previous work, we found no overall effect of the light environment on any of the behaviours measured, although males responded to the treatment on an individual-level basis, as reflected by a significant individual-by-environment interaction. The future challenge is to investigate how individual consistency across different environmental contexts relates to male reproductive success.     

Sperm-depleted males influence the reproductive behaviour of conspecifics

In many insect species, sperm-depleted males (SDMs, i.e. males that have exhausted their sperm after a given number of matings) remain sexually active and continue to mate females. Here, we investigated the behavioural modifications that occur in both sexes of the parasitoid Asobara tabida Nees (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), after matings by fertile males and sperm-depleted males. We show that (i) virgin females, mated females and females mated to a SDM exhibited different behaviours and that (ii) males responded differently to females depending on whether the females had previously mated with an SDM or not. Our findings demonstrate that SDM influenced the reproductive behaviour of both males and females, especially with regard to male responsiveness and female attractiveness. These findings are discussed in the context of adaptive behaviour and fitness maximization in both males and females.