环境管理在优化企业内部运行机制中的地位和作用

环境管理是企业管理的有机组成部分,它以其综合协调职能,督促企业通过加强生产经营和技术改造,采用先进的工艺和设备,降低原材料和能源的消耗,提高综合利用水平,优化管理组合,从而达到发展生产提高经济效益和改善环境的目的。显然,环境管     

在发展和完善承包制中建立企业环境管理新机制

随着城市体制改革的深入,企业普遍推行承包经营责任制。承包制给企业生产发展注入了新的生机,也给企业环保工作带来了新的活力。但是。由于企业环境管理没有能够及时建立和承包制相配套的新机制,使企业环保工作受到了很大的冲击。笔者针对目前企业环境管理面临的现实问题及企业开展升级工作的实际情况,从发展和完善企业承包制的角度,就如何建立企业环境管理新机制问题略陈管见。     

在企业改制中切实加强环境管理

遵照中央提出的“抓大放小”的方针,全国正在积极推进中、小企业的改制工作。通过企业改制．改变了所有制结构单一、政企权责不分、企业产权不清晰等诸多弊端．焕发出适应市场经济机制的生机和活力。环保工作与企业改制关系十分密切．如何在企业改制中加强环境管理一是摆在环保部门面前的一个新课题,不仅应该高度重视．还应积极探索．大胆实践,在企业改制中创造出一条加强环境管理的新路子。一、充分认识企业改制与环境管理的相关性对于有污染的企业,其改制必然涉及到环境保护问题,改制工作对环保来说．既有积极影响,也带来一些新的课…     

国内外环境管制与企业竞争力关系研究综述

环境管制与企业竞争力之间的关系问题成为近几年来国内外广泛关注的热点问题之一,许多学者对此问题的看法各不相同.对已有的研究成果进行了系统分类和归纳总结,旨在揭示政府的环境管制与企业竞争力之间的关系及作用机制,为促进企业的经济发展与环境保护的协调发展和可持续发展提供改革的理论依据.     

日本企业的环境管理

随着全球环境问题的出现,尤其在各国首脑会议后,日本环境厅要求各企业从全球环境保护的观点出发来加强企业的环境管理。各企业从体制上管理内容上结合本企业实情纷纷推出新的管理方法,使日本企业的环境管理进一步深化。一、日本企业环境管理体制的逐步深化70年代是以污染防治为主,主要任务是防治室内外环境的污染,即“三废”治理和劳动保护。80年代加强对灾害引起的突发性事故的防治,增加了火灾。煤炸、地震等突发性事故引起污染的防治措施。90年代为全球性环境保护     

环境管理的新课题——在企业改制中加强环境管理

当前,我国在建立社会主义市场经济条件下,正积极推进企业的改制工作。本文提出了如何在企业改制进程中强化环境管理的思路。     

重视环境管理增强企业活力

安徽马鞍山市耐火材料厂,始建于1958年,主要生产粘土质、高铝质、(石美)碳耐火砖和不定型耐火材料,年设计能力为5万吨,是马钢公司唯一生产耐火材料的定点厂家。耐火材料生产过程工艺繁杂,物料的破碎、筛分、贮运等机械过程频繁,用于干燥、烧结、焙烧等各种炉窑较多。因此,在生产过程中会产生大量的粉尘、烟尘以及噪声等有毒有害物质,生产劳动环境恶劣。近几年来,这个厂在抓生产的同时,狠抓了环境管理,采取了一系列治理措施,改善了厂区环境,增强了企业的活力,取得了显著成绩。     

环境资源滥用的所有权分析

一、所有权不明致使环境资源恶化所有权是指法人主体或”个人”（此处个人非公民,只是分析问题的主体）对资源享有的占有、使用、收益和处分并排斥他人干涉的权利。这项权利在其实际运用中,由法人主体或“个人”即所有人独立享有,具有排他性,任何人未经资源所有人许可或没有给资源所有人补偿,都不具有对该资源的占有权、使用权、收益权和处分权。所有人在行使其所有权时,可以在法律规定的范围内,根据自己的意志和利益,将其所有权的一项或几项权能分离出去。例：占有权与所有权分离;占有权、使用权与所有权分离;占有权、使用权和收…     

地方政府短期行为对环境管理的制约及其对策

经济体制转型期,地方政府的短期行为为给基层环境管理带来一系列负面影响,这是造成目前地方环境问题的重要因素之一。这个问题的存在,有思想、体制、管理、监督诸方面的原困,必须相应采取措施防止和克服地方政府短期行为对环境管理的制约。     

关于建立政府环境保护绩效评价制度的思考

政府绩效评估作为一项行之有效的政府管理工具,在提高政府的管理效能和公共服务能力方面具有重要的促进作用。政府绩效评估随着政府改革的推进而不断完善。在不同的阶段,随着政府改革的主题与目标的变化,评估的侧重点、目标和形式等也相应地发生变化。在我国,服务型政府作为一种新的政府治理模式已成为政府改革的主题和目标。服务型政府建设对行政管理体的改进、政府行政理念的拓展、政府角色的合理定位等,都为改善政府绩效评估提供了新的基础和目标导向。同时,也对完善政府绩效评估提出了新的要求。服务型政府的治理模式和治理理念,在我国环境保护方面也应当起到它应有的作用,建立起政府环境保护绩效评价制度。     

Local economic situation,local environmental mobilization and local government environmental policy in Hungary

Studies of advanced capitalist societies have shown that relatively wealthy localities with organized environmental groups are able to avoid unattractive facilities. The aim of this article is to ask whether the same logic applies in Hungary, a middle-income ‘transition’ society. The focus is not on the formal legal powers of local governments but on some of the influences on local government environmental policy. Drawing on a survey of mayors, notaries and environmental officials in 600 local government units in Hungary (from Budapest to villages), it explores the relation between environmental group mobilization, environmental group influence and environmental policy. It is shown that there are systematic differences in environmental group mobilization between settlements of different types, and that these differences, together with differences in local economic situation, explain the differing levels of perceived influence of environmental groups on policy. The localities where perceived environmental group influence is greatest are identified and shown to be places where there are higher education institutions and a tradition of ‘civic culture’, or where the local government is using the environment as an asset as part of an economic development strategy. It is concluded that similar processes to those found in advanced capitalist societies exist in Hungary. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

我国企业突发环境应急预案编制的研究

指出当前企业突发环境应急预案编制过程中存在的主要问题。对加强编制人员素质、做好风险源和风险物质管理,明确做什么、谁来做、怎么做,实现事件分级、预警级别、应急响应和信息报告等提出了建议。对强化实用性、完整性、规范性、可行性、衔接性的评估、规范现场处置六个程序和细化专项预案七项内容等方面进行研究,提出符合国家法律、法规要求、规范性的企业突发环境事件应急预案编制方法。     

Integrated environmental management: strengthening the conceptualization

Although espoused by many, integrated environmental management (IEM) has been difficult to accomplish in practice. There are many reasons for this shortfall, but certainly a key factor is the lack of agreement among scholars and practitioners regarding the concept and its defining elements. Our purpose here is to sharpen the conceptual basis for IEM by elaborating and pragmatically characterizing a framework for the practice of more integrated environmental management. We outline four fundamental dimensions of IEM: (1) comprehensive, (2) interconnective, (3) strategic, and (4) interactive/coordinative. IEM efforts in the Black Earth Creek watershed in Wisconsin illustrate specific attributes and examples pertaining to our conceptualization of IEM. Acceptance of the conceptual framework elaborated here should alleviate some of the confusion associated with IEM and help move this widely heralded approach from theory into practice.     

企业环境责任评价体系及成果应用分析

随着环境保护部近年来众多环保举措的提出,企业的环境责任研究引起了学者和相关政府机构的重视。企业环境责任评价有利于提高企业环保意识和规范企业的环境行为,但目前仍缺乏相关机构对企业环境责任评价体系的独立研究和实践。本文通过对国内外企业环境责任的研究现状进行分析,引入了企业环境责任评价的必要性;在相关概念界定的基础上构建了企业环境责任评价指标体系,最后对评价成果的应用进行了探讨和研究。     

The link between 'green' and economic success: environmental management as the crucial trigger between environmental and economic performance

The link between environmental and economic performance has been widely debated in the literature for the last ten to fifteen years. One view is that improved environmental performance mainly causes extra costs for the firm and thus reduces profitability. However, also the opposite has been argued for: improved environmental performance would induce cost savings and increase sales and thus improve economic performance. Theoretical and empirical research have provided arguments for both positions and have not been conclusive so far. This article discusses reasons for the different views and the differences in empirical research and presents a theoretical framework to explain the coexistence of the conflicting views. It is argued that not merely the level of environmental performance, but mainly the kind of environmental management with which a certain level is achieved, influences the economic outcome. The model presented provides implications for both empirical research and company management in practice. Research and business practice should focus less on general correlations and more on causal relationships of eco-efficiency, i.e. the effect of different environmental management approaches on economic performance.     

我国环境信息公开现状、问题与对策

环境信息公开是一项基础性、全局性工作。它不仅是公众参与环境保护的前提条件,也是推进我国环境管理工作全方位提升的重要手段。我国环境信息公开工作近年来进展迅速,但仍存在关键性环境信息严重缺失等现象,不仅无法满足社会及政府环境管理工作的需要,有时甚至会影响到社会稳定。本文从政府、企业、社会的不同层面和不同角度分析了我国环境信息公开存在的问题及其产生原因,并在此基础上从法律法规、组织监管和沟通协调等方面提出了一系列改进建议,包括:1加强组织领导,任命副部级官员主管环境信息公开工作;2推动国务院出台《环境信息公开条例》,推动各类环境政策法规纳入信息公开条款;3加强与社会各界的沟通和互动,充分发挥社会组织的作用;4建立主要污染源环境信息公开平台,刺激企业改进环境表现;5加强对地方政府环境信息公开工作的督查、考核、评价及表现公开;6加强各级政府环境信息公开能力建设;7实现环保部及环保系统内部数据信息统一管理、协调共享;8全面改善环境数据质量;9细化环境信息公开政策,包括环境风险及健康信息公开政策;10加强与其他部委关于环境信息公开工作的合作与协调。     

Public regulatory relief and the adoption of environmental management systems: a European survey

An increasing number of organizations across the world have adopted Environmental Management Systems (EMSs) based on certifiable standards, notably the European Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) and the ISO 14001 standards. Although the specialized literature has studied the motivations, obstacles and benefits of the adoption of these standards for EMSs extensively, the impact of the public incentives on the adoption of such environmental management tools has been overlooked. In order to fill this gap in the literature, this article aims to shed light on the level of companies' knowledge and application of the main regulatory relief initiatives provided by public administrations around the EU for organizations with a certified EMS. For that purpose, this article summarizes the main findings of a survey carried out with the participation of 244 European EMAS-registered organizations. The findings of the survey highlight the fact that most of the surveyed companies have adopted or benefitted from some form of regulatory relief, mainly by making use of the measures granting an extended duration of some permits (44%), reductions in financial guarantees in the waste-treatment sector (31%) and tax reductions (26%). Moreover, it emerges that, among countries, the role of regulatory relief to support companies in the path to the adoption of EMSs is not univocal.     

The role of population projections in environmental management

California and other regions in the United States are becoming more populated and ethnically diverse, and thus, ecological impacts on the wildland–urban interface are a significant policy concern. In a socioeconomic assessment focused on the geographic regions surrounding four national forests in southern California, population projections are being formulated to assist in the update of forest plans. In southern California, the projected trend of explosive population growth combined with increased ethnic and racial diversity indicates four challenges for environmental management. First, patterns of recreation use on wildlands are likely to change, and management of these areas will have to address new needs. Second, as land-management agencies face changing constituencies, new methods of soliciting public involvement from ethnic and racial groups will be necessary. Third, growth in the region is likely to encroach upon wildland areas, affecting water, air, open space, and endangered species. Fourth, in order to address all these concerns in a climate of declining budgets, resource management agencies need to strengthen collaborative relationships with other agencies in the region. How environmental managers approach these changes has widespread implications for the ecological sustainability of forests in southern California.     

The impact of ISO 14001 on corporate environmental performance: a study of Swedish manufacturing firms

The debate concerning the environmental effectiveness of environmental management systems (EMS) based on ISO 14001 is still open and scholars have called for further studies that can explain the contrasting evidence in previous research. As a response, this study aims to contribute knowledge about the effects of ISO 14001-based EMS by presenting fact-based environmental data. The study focuses on changes in performance over a period of 12 years and includes both firms with an EMS (66 firms) and firms without one (50 firms). Consideration is given to the improvement efforts in the firms before EMS adoption making it possible to neutralize any selection effects where better environmental performance precedes ISO 14001 adoption. Analysis has been carried out using statistical methods for six different environmental areas. No statistically significant differences between certified and non-certified firms concerning the change in the rate of improvement could be found in any of the six areas. However, it can be suspected that EMS adoption has positive effects on energy use and waste production whereas the non-adopting firms seem to perform better concerning air emissions. These mixed results mirrors previous research, which is rather worrying considering the worldwide popularity of EMS based on ISO 14001 in industry.