N-（1-萘基）-乙二胺光度法测定水中亚硝酸盐氮的改进

本文探讨了N-（1-萘基)-乙二胺光度法测定水中亚硝酸盐氮，亚硝酸盐氮标准液无需标定，而只需准确称取标准品，精心配制即用的方法。     

水中痕量氰化物的反相流动注射-分光光度测定

采用巴比土酸－－吡啶（ＢＡ－Ｐ）反相流动注射分光光度法测定了水中痕量易释放氰化物和包括易释放氰化物和络合氰化物在内的无机总氰化物。将ＢＡ－Ｐ溶液注入到ＰＨ６．２ＮａＨ２ＰＯ４－ＮａＯＨ缓谁氰胺－Ｔ溶液和预蒸馏水样的混合流中,在λｍａｘ５８０ｎｍ处对反应形成的晓紫色聚亚早基染料进行分光光度检测生为０．０２～０．９０ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＣＮ＾－。检测限为０．００３ｍｇ／Ｌ,测定频率为３０次／ｈ,本法灵敏度高,选     

流动注射分光光度法测定水中的氯离子

本文采用流动注射分析（ＦＩＡ）技术．载流中含有Ｈｇ（ＳＣＨ）２和Ｆｅ２＋，注入试样中的氯离子与Ｈｇ（ＳＣＨ），反应，释放出ＳＣＨ－，后者与Ｆｅ２＋形成红色Ｆｅ（ＳＣＨ）给离子，其强度用分光光度法在４８０ｎｍ处测定．记录的吸收峰高度与试样中氯离子浓度成正比．线性范围６．０—１８μｍ／ｍＬＣｌ，检出限达０．１２μｇ／ｍＬＣｌ－．对６．０μｇ／ｍＬＣｌ－连续测定１１次，其ＲＳＤ为３．９％．出样频率为９０样／小时．方法已用于水样中氯离子的测定．     

反相流动注射催化动力学分光光度法测定海水中的痕量Cu

在弱碱性的介质中,Cu能够对H2O2氧化对苯二酚的反应起到明显的催化作用,反应产物在500 nm波长处有最大吸收峰.据此,发展了一种反相流动注射催化动力学分光光度法测定海水痕量Cu的新方法.在最佳条件下,Cu2+的浓度在0～40 μg/L具有良好的线性关系,相关系数0.9993,检出限为0.2 μg/L,回收率为98.7%～104.2%,用5 μg/L标准溶液进样的相对标准偏差为1.03%(n=10).     

流动注射分析测定饮用水中痕量挥发酚

采用流动注射分析法(FIA),利用先进技术计算机软件自动控制标准系列配制、取样、前处理、数据报告等。结果准确、精密、快速、灵敏、杂质干扰少,用于水中酚测定,结果满意。     

N-(l-萘基)-乙二胺光度法测定水中亚硝酸盐氮的改进

本文探讨了N-(l-萘基)-乙二胺光度法测定水中亚硝酸盐氮,亚硝酸盐氮标准液无需标定,而只需准确称取标准品,精心配制即用的方法.     

流动注射分析法测定水中的总磷

应用LACHATQC8500型三通道流动注射分析仪,采用过硫酸钾在线紫外消解不同形态的磷,使其转化为磷酸盐。正磷酸盐与钼酸铵和酒石酸锑钾反应,生成磷钼化合物。此磷钼化合物被抗坏血酸还原,形成蓝色化合物,它在880nm处有吸收。仪器检出限为0.0012mg/L,线性范围为0.05～1mg/L(r>0.9990),加标回收率为95.0%～104%。与GB11893-89钼酸铵分光光度法比较,其结果无显著差异。实验结果表明,该方法简便、快速、准确,适用于水中总磷的测定。     

在线消解流动注射光度法分析水中痕量磷

将流动注射分析技术与孔雀绿-磷钼杂多酸分光光度法相结合,并采用微波在线消解水样,建立了一种测定水中痕量总磷的快速分析方法。通过优化实验条件,检出限为0.003mg/L,线性范围为0.003～0.4mg/L。应用于天然水样的测定,结果令人满意。     

测定地表水中微量亚硝酸盐的灵敏光度法

研制了一种测定微量亚硝酸盐的灵敏光度法。在pH1 0～ 2 0盐酸介质中 ,亚硝酸盐与对氨基苯乙酮 萘乙二胺形成可溶于水的红紫色染料 ,其最大吸收波长为 5 5 0nm ,摩尔吸光系数为 5 78× 10 4L mol·cm。 0～ 3 6 μg 2 5mL的亚硝酸盐遵守比尔定律 ,方法应用于测定地表水中微量亚硝酸盐 ,获得了满意的结果     

Reversed flow injection spectrophotometric determination of low residuals of chlorine dioxide in water using chlorophenol red

A novel,simple,rapid,sensitive and highly selective flow injection procedure for the spectrophotometric determination of chlorine dioxide in the presence of othe chlorine species,viz,free chlorine,chlorite,chlorate and hypochlorite,is developed.The method is based on the discoloration reaction between chlorine dioxide and chlorophenol red and can overcome the shortcomings existed in direct spectrophotometric determination for chlorine dioxide owing to the serious interference of free and combined dhlorine.The procedure gave a linear calibration graph over the range0-0.71 mg/L of chlorine dioxide.With a detection limit of 0.024 mg/L and a sample throughput of 60 samples/h.     

排水速率对潮汐流人工湿地中CANON作用的强化

为强化潮汐流人工湿地（TFCW）中基于亚硝化的全程自养脱氮（CANON）作用,探究了不同排水速率（v_d）下系统中氮素的迁移转化机制与微生物特征.结果表明,v_d可显著影响TFCW中脱氮功能微生物的数量与活性,进而影响其氮素转化速率.当v_d由1.00降至0.50L/min时,填料层中逐渐形成较为严格的限氧环境,有利于短程硝化的稳定和厌氧氨氧化菌的富集,进而有助于CANON反应体系在TFCW中形成.而当v_d小于0.50L/min时,填料层中溶解氧相对不足,好氧氨氧化菌活性受到抑制,数量随之减少,CANON作用的强化效果有限,系统脱氮性能受到影响.当v_d为0.50L/min时,TFCW中的CANON作用可得到最大限度的强化,系统脱氮性能达到最佳,其TN和NH₄⁺-N的去除负荷分别为（116.79±13.16）和（102.75±4.35） mg/（L·d）.对v_d的合理设置可实现TFCW中CANON作用的强化,有利于CANON型人工湿地的构建.     

厦门市氮素流动与水环境负荷演变特征

人类活动造成大量氮素在城市生态系统中聚集,从而对水环境质量造成不利影响.作为一个复合生态系统,城市各系统对水环境的影响呈现不同的变化特征及趋势.本研究以厦门市为例,构建了城市氮流动模型,计算了水环境氮负荷,并通过情景分析的方法探讨了减缓城市水环境氮污染的策略.结果表明,1995—2015年厦门市水环境总氮负荷呈现上升-下降-上升式波动变化,总量介于8800～11100 t之间,主要受地表水氮负荷影响显著,而地下水变化相对稳定.在城市化进程中,城市各系统对水环境产生了不同程度的影响,农作物生产系统、污水处理系统及大气氮沉降是水环境氮污染的主要排放源,年均贡献率达69.0%.农作物生产系统和污水处理系统变化较显著,前者对水环境氮负荷的贡献率从1995年的22.3%下降到2015年的7.0%,后者由1995年的9.7%逐渐上升到2015年的40.7%.情景分析可知,提高城市废物、废水的资源化和综合化利用效率是减少城市水环境氮污染的重要途径.     

基于PLFA法分析亚硝氮、硝氮和氨氮对厌氧微生物细菌群落的影响

利用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)技术研究了亚硝氮、硝氮和氨氮在不同浓度水平下对中温厌氧颗粒污泥中厌氧细菌群落结构的影响.结果表明,高浓度亚硝氮(360 mg·L-1,以N计)、硝氮(300 mg·L-1,以N计)和氨氮(3000 mg·L-1,以N计)使系统COD去除率分别下降至3.49%、10.85%和71.53%,并使污泥表面主要细菌由杆菌变为球状菌;亚硝氮和硝氮引起厌氧细菌和革兰氏阳性菌的含量下降,氨氮引起革兰氏阴性菌的含量下降;PLFA香农-威尔多样性指数随着亚硝氮和硝氮浓度的升高从1.12分别下降至0.96和1.03,氨氮对PLFA香农-威尔多样性指数无明显影响.     

环境水样及蔬菜中NO2-和NO3-的流动注射光度法同时测定

将流动注射技术引入Ｎ－（１－萘基）乙烯二胺光度法测定ＮＯ２＾－分析体系,采用单阀双带注入镀镉锌片还原柱带隔离的阀体流路,建立了同时测定微量ＮＯ２＾－和ＮＯ３＾－的分析方法。     

Performance of completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite process under different aeration modes and dissolved oxygen

In this study, three sequential batch biofilm reactors (SBBRs) were operated for 155 days to evaluate the performance of completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process under different aeration modes and dissolved oxygen (DO). Synthetic wastewater with 160-mg NH4 ⁺-N/L was fed into the reactors. In the continuously-aerated reactor, the efficiency of the ammonium nitrogen conversion and total nitrogen (TN) removal reached 80% and 70%, respectively, with DO between 0.8–1.0 mg/L. Whereas in the intermittently-aerated reactor, at the aeration/non-aeration ratio of 1.0, ammonium was always under the detection limit and 86% of TN was removed with DO between 2.0–2.5 mg/L during the aeration time. Results show that CANON could be achieved in both continuous and intermittent aeration pattern. However, to achieve the same nitrogen removal efficiency, the DO needed in the intermittently-aerated sequential batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) during the aeration period was higher than that in the continuously-aerated SBBR. In addition, the DO in the CANON system should be adjusted to the aeration mode, and low DO was not a prerequisite to CANON process.     

Experimental study of nitrite accumulation in predenitrification biological nitrogen removal process

The effect of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration on nitrite accumulation was investigated in a pilot-scale pre-denitrification process at room temperature for 100 days. In the first 10 days, due to the instability of the system, the DO concentration fluctuated between 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L. In the next 14 days, the DO concentration was kept at 0.5 mg/L and nitrite accumulation occurred, with the average nitrite accumulation rate at 91%. From the 25th day, the DO concentration was increased to 2.0 mg/L to destroy the nitrite accumulation, but nitrite accumulation rate was still as high as 90%. From the 38th day the nitrite accumulation rate decreased to 15%–30% linearly. From the 50th day, DO concentration was decreased to 0.5 mg/L to resume nitrite accumulation. Until the 83rd day the nitrite accumulation rate began to increase to 80%. Dissolved oxygen was the main cause of nitrite accumulation, taking into account other factors such as pH, free ammonia concentration, temperature, and sludge retention time. Because of the different affinity for oxygen between nitrite oxidizing bacteria and ammonia oxidizing bacteria when DO concentration was kept at 0.5 mg/L, nitrite accumulation occurred. __________ Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(12): 2472–2476 [译自: 环境科学]     

海水中磷酸盐的在线快速检测

利用孔雀绿-磷钼杂多酸分光光度法与流动注射分析(FIA)联用,建立了一种简便、快速、直接的海水中磷酸盐的测定方法.在优化的实验条件下,当磷酸盐浓度在1～50 μg/L时呈现良好的线性,其线性方程为:y=1.2243x + 3.4529(R2 = 0.9995);检出限(3σ)为 0.29 μg/L;相对标准偏差(RSD)为 0.76 %(50 μg/L的磷酸盐添加于空白海水,n=8).利用本方法分析海水水样中的磷酸盐,回收率为91.9 % ～108.2 %.该方法不仅适用于海水中磷酸盐在实验室中的测定,而且满足监测站、监测船等的对磷酸盐的在线快速监测.     

基于吡啶甲基萘酰亚胺的水中痕量铁检测方法研究

合成了一种新型的荧光分子探针N-(2-吡啶甲基)-1,8-萘酰亚胺(PMN),研究了其在环境水样中痕量铁离子的检测应用.结果表明,该方法选择性好,灵敏度高,操作简便,且常见金属离子不干扰测定.Fe3+浓度在1×10-7~8×10-5mol/L范围内,荧光强度与其浓度呈良好的线性关系.方法用于自来水、井水、生活污水中痕量铁的测定,回收率在95.78%~104.02 %之间.