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为解决石油污染土壤中以石油为唯一碳源的土著微生物生长缓慢的问题,研究了分别添加玉米淀粉、玉米粉、可溶性淀粉和葡萄糖4种碳源对土样细菌总量和石油烃降解率的影响。研究结果表明:玉米淀粉作为碳源时土样TN和TP的下降幅度均最大;添加玉米淀粉和玉米粉比添加可溶性淀粉和葡萄糖更有利于细菌的生长繁殖;细菌对直链烷烃化合物均具有较好的降解效果,但对较为复杂的芳香烃化合物降解效果较差。降解反应第40天时,分别添加玉米淀粉、玉米粉、可溶性淀粉和葡萄糖的石油烃降解率分别为67.25%、48.60%、46.30%和28.57%。 相似文献
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采用原位修复法处理石油烃污染土壤,考察了土壤中石油烃的自然降解情况,研究了土壤改良剂和生物营养剂对石油烃降解的促进作用。实验结果表明:将总石油烃含量约为5 g/kg的实验土样降解30 d,自然降解时总石油烃降解率为7.8%;当单独加入1.0%(w)的土壤改良剂时,总石油烃降解率达36.0%;当单独加入1.0 g/kg的生物营养剂时,总石油烃降解率为51.6%;最佳促进剂配方为土壤改良剂加入量1.0%(w),生物营养剂加入量1.0 g/kg,此条件下总石油烃降解率为80.1%。 相似文献
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以盆栽实验为基础,研究了植物(黑麦草,Lolium perenne L)-微生物(不动杆菌,Acinetobacter sp.)组合体系对石油污染土壤的修复效果。实验结果表明:在总石油烃含量为4 420.18 mg/kg、脱氢酶活性为230.52 μg/(g·d)、苯酚毒性当量浓度(TEQphenol)为1 633.21 mg/L的初始条件下,强化组总石油烃降解率最高为53.08%,是对照组的1.60倍;土壤的脱氢酶活性达到637.73 μg/(g·d),是对照组的10.64倍;石油污染土壤的生物毒性大幅降低, TEQphenol最终降低至171.08 mg/L。说明该组合体系对石油污染土壤具有很好的修复作用,且微生物对土壤中有毒物质的降解起主要作用。 相似文献
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从陕北原油污染土壤中筛选出7株高效石油烃降解菌,其中黄杆菌属CC-2、不动细菌属SC-5、假单胞菌属SC-6表现出较强的石油烃降解能力。通过单因素试验和正交试验考察总石油烃(TPH)降解效果的影响因素,得出各因素对TPH降解率影响程度的大小次序为:溶液p H降解温度降解菌接种量摇床转速,且在降解菌接种量为7%(φ)、溶液p H为7、降解温度为30℃、摇床转速为150 r/min的最适处理条件下,菌株SC-6的TPH降解率可达61.23%。原油污染土壤生物修复实验结果表明:高效石油烃降解菌的投加有利于土壤TPH降解率和酶活性的提高;"菌株SC-6+营养剂"组修复处理42 d后的TPH降解率可达57.59%。 相似文献
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研究了生物强化结合生物刺激对石油烃污染土壤的修复效果及对修复后土壤pH、土壤呼吸作用的影响。结果表明:向石油烃污染土壤中添加菌液量为20%(w,下同)的真菌杂色曲霉(Aspergillus versicolor)、10%的蔗糖,修复30 d时总石油烃(TPH)降解率达55.63%;添加7%的酒石酸修复30 d时,TPH降解率为42.9%。添加蔗糖和酒石酸修复后,土壤pH均呈下降趋势,土壤CO2释放量均增大。石油烃污染土壤颗粒紧致密实,土壤颗粒之间孔隙被堵塞;经生物修复后土壤孔隙结构明显增大,表面粗糙、疏松,呼吸作用增强。 相似文献
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Although vapor extraction systems (VES) certainly help remediate volatile hydrocarbons (e.g., gasoline in unsaturated soils), recent studies have found that much of the related hydrocarbon removal is due to aerobic biodegradation, not simple volatilization. In many cases, more than 50 percent of the hydrocarbon removal by these systems is due to biodegradation. By emphasizing biodegradation and minimizing volatilization, the costs of system operation can be reduced, especially for off-gas treatment. Maximizing biodegradation also supports more efficient site remediation because not only are the volatile hydrocarbons cleaned up, but the less volatile contaminants are also cleaned up—by biodegradation. More complete site cleanups are possible through bioventing, especially when cleanup criteria are related to total petroleum hydrocarbons. This article explores the major environmental conditions that influence biodegradation, analyzes several bioventing case histories, and calculates biodegradation's remedial costs. 相似文献
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Biological processes have been used to remediate petroleum hydrocarbons, pesticides, chlorinated solvents, and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons. Biological treatment of contaminated soils may involve solid-phase, slurry-phase, or in situ treatment techniques. This article will review the general principle of solid-phase bioremediation and discuss the application of this technique for the cleanup of total petroleum hydrocarbons on two sites. These remedial programs will reduce total petroleum hydrocarbon contamination from the mean concentration of 2,660 ppm to under the 200-ppm cleanup criteria for soil and under the 15-ppm cleanup criteria for groundwater. Over 32,000 yards of soil have been treated by solid-phase treatment to date. The in situ system operation is effectively producing biodegradation in the subsurface. The project is approximately one-third complete. 相似文献
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Petroleum oil is a major driver of worldwide economic activity, but it has also created contamination problems during the storage and refining process. Also, unconventional resources are natural resources, which require greater than industry‐standard levels of technology or investment to exploit. In the case of unconventional hydrocarbon resources, additional technology, energy, and capital have to be applied to extract the gas or oil. Bioremediation of petroleum spill is considered of great importance due to the contaminating effects on human health and the environment. For this reason, it is important to reduce total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in contaminated soil. In addition, biosurfactant production is a desirable property of hydrocarbon‐degrading microorganisms. Seven strains belonging to Lysinibacillus sphaericus and Geobacillus sp were selected to evaluate their ability to biodegrade TPH in the presence of toxic metals, their potential to produce biosurfactants, and their ability to improve the biodegradation rate. The seven bacterial strains examined in this study were able to utilize crude petroleum‐oil hydrocarbons as the sole source of carbon and energy. In addition, their ability to degrade crude oil was not affected by the presence of toxic metals such as chromium and arsenic. At the same time, the strains were able to reduce toxic metals concentration through biosorption processes. Biosurfactant production was determined using the drop‐collapsed method for all strains, and they were characterized as both anionic and cationic biosurfactants. Biosurfactants showed an increase in biodegradation efficiency both in liquid minimal salt medium and landfarming treatments. The final results in field tests showed an efficiency of 93 percent reduction in crude oil concentration by the selected consortium compared to soil without consortium. The authors propose L. sphaericus and Geobacillus sp consortium as an optimum treatment for contaminated soils. In addition, production of biosurfactants could have an application in the extraction of crude oil from unconventional hydrocarbon resources. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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Gregory S. Douglas Jeffery H. Hardenstine Roopa Kamath Deyuan Kong Robert E. Hoffmann Sara McMillen 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》2020,30(4):27-37
Bioremediation is a proven alternative for remediating petroleum‐impacted soils at exploration and production (E&P) sites. Monitoring remediation performance can involve detection and quantification of biodegradation resistant compounds such as C3017α(H),21β(H)‐hopane, which requires the use of gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (GC/MS). Due to the remoteness of many E&P sites, this technology is not always available, and alternative methods are needed to provide reliable quantitative measurements of petroleum remediation efficiency. This study provides a detailed chemical characterization of lacustrine‐sourced crude oils and a technical basis for measuring the effectiveness of bioremediation efforts for soil impacted by those crudes. We show that the novel isoprenoid hydrocarbon botryococcane is relatively stable in lacustrine‐sourced crude oils compared with C3017α(H),21β(H)‐hopane under moderate biodegradation conditions generally observed in field samples. We have also demonstrated that, due to the stability and relatively elevated concentration of botryococcane in lacustrine oils, it can be reliably measured using the more cost‐effective and available GC/FID methodology, and thereby be used to monitor the progress of ongoing soil bioremediation activities at remote sites. 相似文献
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A series of laboratory microcosm experiments and a field pilot test were performed to evaluate the potential for aerobic biodegradation of aromatic hydrocarbons and methyl tert‐butyl ether (MtBE; a common oxygenate additive in gasoline) in saline, high temperature (>30° C) groundwater. Aquifer, sediment, and groundwater samples from two sites, one in Canada and another in Saudi Arabia, were incubated for 106 days to evaluate the changes in select hydrocarbon and MtBE concentrations and microbial community structure. Almost complete biodegradation of the aromatic hydrocarbons was found in the Saudi Arabian microcosm samples whereas the Canadian microcosm samples showed no significant biodegradation during the laboratory testing. MtBE degradation was not observed in either set of microcosms. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analyses showed that, while the Canadian microorganisms were the most diverse, they showed little response during incubation. The microbial communities for the Saudi Arabian sample contained significant numbers of microorganisms capable of hydrocarbon degradation which increased during incubation. Based on the laboratory results, pilot‐scale testing at the Saudi Arabian field site was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of enhanced aerobic biodegradation on a high temperature, saline petroleum hydrocarbon plume. Dissolved oxygen was delivered to the subsurface using a series of oxygen diffusion emitters installed perpendicular to groundwater flow, which created a reactive zone. Results obtained from the seven‐month field trial indicated that all the target compounds decreased with removal percentages varying between 33 percent for the trimethylbenzenes to greater than 80 percent for the BTEX compounds. MtBE decreased 40 percent on average whereas naphthalene was reduced 85 percent on average. Examination of the microbial population upgradient and downgradient of the emitter reactive zone suggested that the bacteria population went from an anaerobic, sulfate‐reducing dominated population to one dominated by a heterotrophic aerobic bacteria dominant population. These studies illustrate that field aerobic biodegradation may exceed expectations derived from simple laboratory microcosm experiments. Also, high salinity and elevated groundwater temperature do not appear to inhibit in situ aerobic biorestoration. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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The direct application of surfactants to petroleum-contaminated soil has been proposed as a mechanism to increase the bioavailability of insoluble compounds. Solubilization of hydrophobic compounds into the aqueous phase appears to be a significant rate limiting factor in petroleum biodegradation in soil. Nonionic surfactants have been developed to solubilize a variety of compounds, thus increasing the desorption of contaminants from the soil. In this study, laboratory scale land treatment scenarios were used to monitor the bioremediation of petroleum contaminated soils. In efforts to achieve the lowest levels of residual petroleum hydrocarbons in the soil following biotreatment, 0.5 and 1.0% (volume/weight) surfactant was blended into soils under treatment. Two soil types were studied, a high clay content soil and a sandy, silty soil. In both cases, the addition of surfactant (Adsee 799®, a blend of ethoxylated fatty acids, Witco Corporation) stimulated biological activity as indicated by increased heterotropbic colony forming units per gram of soil. However, the increased activity was not correlated with removal of petroleum hydrocarbons. The results suggest that the application of surfactants directly to the soil for the purpose of solubilizing hydropbobic compounds was not successful in achieving greater levels of petroleum hydrocarbon removal. 相似文献