我国火电厂SCR烟气脱硝技术研究及应用综述

在众多烟气脱硝技术中,选择性催化还原法(Selective Catalytic Reduction,SCR)是脱硝效率最高,最为成熟的脱硝技术,其NOx的脱除率可达到80%~90%。本文分析了目前SCR烟气脱硝技术研究及应用现状,为火电机组烟气脱硝提供参考。     

SCR烟气脱硝系统物料能量平衡模拟与辅助设计

SCR(selective catalyst reduction选择性催化还原法)脱硝技术是火电厂烟气脱硝技术的主流技术之一,其物料平衡的计算是指导实践及进行工艺设计的重要手段。根据SCR烟气脱硝的技术原理,结合工程实践经验,开发了SCR烟气脱硝物料平衡程序,对SCR系统的主要工艺参数进行了模拟计算,并开发了各设备的辅助设计功能。     

燃煤电厂烟气脱硝装置的仿真设计研究

文章以选择性催化还原法(SCR)烟气脱硝系统为研究对象,通过对系统工艺特点和反应机理的研究,建立了一系列仿真数学模型,并以这些模型为基础,设计开发了SCR烟气脱硝系统的仿真设计软件。软件最终编译成可安装的应用软件包,能够脱离开发环境在Windows系统下独立运行。     

燃煤烟气脱硝技术研究进展

在查阅大量相关文献的基础上,对选择性催化还原法（SCR）、非选择性催化还原法（SNCR）、SNCR-SCR联合脱硝法、光催化氧化法、非平衡等离子体法、干法低温脱硫脱硝法和循环流化床联合脱硫脱氮技术等工艺的脱硝原理、脱除效率、应用条件、经济性等方面进行了阐述分析,并根据实际情况对我国不同地区燃煤电厂烟气脱硝提出合理可行的工艺。     

电厂SCR脱硝数值模拟技术研究进展

选择性催化还原法(SCR)是应用最为广泛的电厂脱硝方法.本文阐述了目前国内外采用CFD软件进行SCR脱硝数值模拟的各项研究,探讨优化SCR脱硝设计的方法.     

燃煤锅炉的选择性催化还原烟气脱硝技术探讨

烟气脱硝是目前世界上最为常见的减少NO_x排放的方法,而燃煤锅炉的选择性催化还原烟气脱硝技术(SCR)的应用更为广泛。本文就从催化剂设计、喷氨量控制、实际应用案例三个方面入手,针对燃煤锅炉的选择性催化还原烟气脱硝技术展开实际的探讨。     

选择催化还原（SCR）脱硝技术的特征

选择性催化还原（SCR）技术是目前燃煤电厂应用最多且最成熟的烟气脱硝技术。本文介绍了SCR烟气脱硝技术的特征,对影响SCR法脱硝效率的多种因素进行了简要分析。     

SCR脱硝技术在炼化企业中的应用

介绍了国内炼厂烟气脱硝工艺现状,包括NOx相关排放标准和烟气排放特点以及常用的烟气脱硝技术,烟气选择性催化还原(SCR)技术是最有效、应用范围最广的脱硝技术。重点分析了炼化企业主要的含NOx烟气治理情况和脱硝装置运行的情况。     

火电厂SCR脱硝催化剂技术研究进展

选择性催化还原(SCR)法是目前火电厂处理烟气中NOx的主要方法。本文对SCR技术及脱硝催化剂进行了综述,重点介绍了SCR脱硝工艺的影响因素、SCR在火电机组实际运行中的问题及解决策略、SCR催化剂的失活及处理方案。     

燃煤电厂SCR烟气脱硝设计的影响因素分析

选择性催化还原脱硝法(SCR)是当前世界上主流的烟气脱硝技术工艺,具有脱硝效率高、成熟可靠、应用广泛、经济合理和适应性强等特点。本文就影响燃煤电厂SCR烟气脱硝设计的几个主要因素如入口NOx浓度、还原剂和催化剂形式及其布置方式进行了分析与讨论,并指出各燃煤电厂在进行SCR烟气脱硝设计时应结合自身烟气条件、煤质资料及其当地环境保护法律法规等合理选择烟气参数,以保证SCR系统运行的安全性和经济性。     

SCR装置对焦炉煤气燃烧废气中PCDD/Fs、PCBs和PCNs的协同脱除

研究了某大型焦化厂的选择性催化还原(SCR)装置对焦炉煤气燃烧废气中典型非故意产生持久性有机污染物(UPPOPs)的脱除效果,对SCR装置入口和出口废气和SCR装置降尘中二英(PCDD/Fs)、多氯联苯(PCBs)和多氯萘(PCNs)的全部异构体进行了分析.结果表明,SCR装置对总PCDD/Fs的脱除效率最高,为94.6%,对总PCBs和总PCNs的脱除率分别为74.7%和78.4%.SCR装置入口和出口废气中UP-POPs同系物的分布模式明显不同,入口处以高氯取代为主,出口处以低氯取代为主.SCR装置对高氯取代UP-POPs有更好的脱除效果.催化还原和催化氧化降解同时发生是SCR装置脱除废气中UP-POPs的重要机制.     

燃煤发电厂SCR脱硝技术原理及催化剂的选择

阐述了SCR反应的基本原理,SCR高含尘布置系统主要构成以及选择催化剂应注意的要素。     

Characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions from diesel engine retrofitted with selective catalytic reduction and continuously regenerating trap

Two after treatment units, selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and continuously regenerating trap (CRT), were independently retrofitted to a diesel engine, with the objective to investigate their impact on the conversion/reduction (CR) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The experiments were conducted under the European steady state cycle (ESC) first without any retrofits to get baseline emissions, and then with SCR and CRT respectively, on the same engine. The particulate matter (PM)-phase PAHs were trapped in fiberglass filters, whereas gas-phase PAHs were collected in cartridges, and then analyzed using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Both PM-phase and gas-phase PAHs were greatly reduced with CRT showing respective CR of 90.7% and above 80%, whereas only gas-phase PAHs were abated in the case of SCR, with CR of above 75%. Lower molecular weight (LMW) PAHs were in abundance, while naphthalene exhibited a maximum relative contribution (RC) to LMW-PAHs for all three cases. Further, the CR of naphthalene and anthracene were increased with increasing catalyst temperature of SCR, most likely due to their conversion to solid particles. Moreover, the Benzo[a]Pyrene equivalent (BaP_eq) of PAHs was greatly reduced with CRT, owing to substantial reduction of total PAHs.     

柴油车用NH_3选择性催化还原NO_x技术发展现状

文章介绍了NH3选择性催化还原NOx技术(SCR)的基本原理,主要讨论了TiO2和分子筛型催化剂的优缺点,以及这两种催化剂应用于柴油车尾气NOx净化的主要问题和相应的解决措施,为开发车用SCR催化剂提供必要的支持。     

基于模糊评价方法的燃煤电厂氮氧化物控制技术评价

为定量地综合评价燃煤电厂氮氧化物控制技术,建立了包括环境、技术、经济3个方面共11项指标的多因素多级评价指标体系.采用模糊评价方法,选择低氮燃烧器(LNB)、燃尽风(OFA)、再燃(Reburning)、选择性催化还原(SCR)、选择性非催化还原(SNCR)和SCR/SNCR联合6种典型的氮氧化物控制技术,定量评估其技术、经济和环境性能,以筛选出燃煤电厂最佳适用控制技术组合.案例分析结果表明,对于燃烧贫煤或无烟煤的墙式锅炉,要求脱硝效率70%,SCR与LNB联用技术是最优选择;对于使用烟煤或褐煤的W火焰和切圆燃烧锅炉,脱硝效率30%即可达标排放,LNB和再燃等燃烧中脱硝技术是最佳选择.因此,在经济较发达、生态环境脆弱的重点地区,建议燃用无烟煤和贫煤的大型机组安装LNB和SCR,燃用烟煤和褐煤的机组或者100MW机组可考虑LNB和SNCR联用来减少NOx排放;在其它尚有环境容量的地区,建议燃无烟煤和贫煤的机组安装LNB和SNCR,其它机组通过安装LNB减少NOx排放.     

烟气中氮氧化物污染的治理

对最新的一些烟气NOx脱除技术进行了综述，对于主要的两种燃烧后烟气NOx脱除工艺技术─选择性催化还原（SCR）及选择性非催化还原（SNCR）进行了较为详细的讨论，并对这两种方法的优缺点进行了对比．还对其它的一些工艺技术如碳氢化合物选择性催化还原（HC—SCR）及NOx直接催化分解作了简要介绍．     

尖晶石型MnCo_2O_4催化剂的制备及SCR性能研究

用柠檬酸配位燃烧法制备了尖晶石复合金属氧化物MnCo2O4,使用X射线衍射仪、傅立叶红外分析仪对其进行了表征,并进一步在固定床反应器中考查了该催化剂的催化氧化、还原NO的性能以及SO2的影响。结果表明,所制备的MnCo2O4催化剂呈现典型的尖晶石结构,在300℃,空速20000h-1时,NO氧化率可以达到30%,而NH3催化还原NO的效率可达99.5%,但SO2对其还原性能有明显影响。     

Kinetics of selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH_3 on Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst

The catalyst of Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 has been found to be more active than Fe-ZSM-5 and Mo/ZSM-5 separately for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitric oxide (NO) with NH_3.The kinetics of the SCR reaction in the presence of O_2 was studied in this work.The results showed that the observed reaction orders were 0.74-0.99,0.01-0.13,and 0 for NO,O_2 and NH_3 at 350-450℃,respectively. And the apparent activation energy of the SCR was 65 kJ/mol on the Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst.The SCR mechanism was also deduced. Adsorbed NO species can react directly with adsorbed ammonia species on the active sites to form N_2 and H_2O.Gaseous O_2 might serve as a reoxidizing agent for the active sites that have undergone reduction in the SCR process.It is also important to note that a certain amount of NO was decomposed directly over the Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst in the absence of NH_3.     

Kinetics of selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3 on Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst

The catalyst of Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 has been found to be more active than Fe-ZSM-5 and Mo/ZSM-5 separately for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitric oxide (NO) with NH3. The kinetics of the SCR reaction in the presence of O2 was studied in this work. The results show that the observed reaction orders were 0.74-0.99, 0.01-0.13, and 0 for NO, O2 and NH3, respectively, at 350-450℃. And the apparent activation energy of the SCR was 65 kJ/mol on the Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst. The SCR mechanism was also deduced. Adsorbed NO species can react directly with adsorbed ammonia species on the active sites to form N2 and H2O. Gaseous O2 might serve as a reoxidizing agent for the active sites that have undergone reduction in the SCR process. It is also important to note that a certain amount of NO was decomposed directly over the Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst in the absence of NH3.     

Transformation of mercury speciation through the SCR system in power plants

Coal-fired utility boilers are now identified as the largest source of mercury in the United States. There is speculation that the installation of selective catalytic reduction （SCR） system for reduction of NOx can also prompt the oxidation and removal of mercury. In this paper, tests at six full-scale power plants with similar type of the SCR systems are conducted to investigate the effect of the SCR on the transformation of mercury speciation. The results show that the SCR system can achieve more than 70%-80% oxidation of elemental mercury and enhance the mercury removal ability in these units. The oxidation of elemental mercury in the SCR system strongly depends on the coal properties and the operation conditions of the SCR systems. The content of chloride in the coal is the key factor for the oxidization process and the maximum oxidation of elemental mercury is found when chloride content changes from 400 to 600 ppm. The sulfur content is no significant impact on oxidation of elemental mercury.