袋式除尘器声波反吹清灰方式的研究

在不同的声波作用下，测定了除尘器内的残余阻力和清灰周期，阐明了声波反吹清灰效果与声波频率和声压的关系。通过实验证明，延长反吹时间、增大反吹风速、多次反吹以及增加清灰次数都不是改善反吹袋式除尘器清灰效果的理想办法，声波反吹清灰能有效地降低残余阻力和残留粉尘负荷，并能明显地延长清灰周期，因而是一种理想的清灰方式。本文还对反吹与声波的作用次序进行了实验，结果表明，在反吹清灰的过程中间鸣喇叭，清灰效果最好     

利用强声场增强袋式除尘器清灰的研究

用实验方法研究了强声场对袋式除尘器清灰过程的影响，通过实验可以看出利用强声场的剥落效应能够降低除尘器的运行阻力，增强清灰效果，减少清灰次数，从而降低除尘系统的能耗，节约系统的运行费用。     

袋式除尘器节能降耗途径的探讨

阐述袋式除尘器的阻力组成,从除尘器结构,过滤速度及清灰制度三个方面分析了降低阻力的途径。     

卧式脉冲滤筒除尘器的清灰效果测试及分析

本文通过对卧式脉冲滤筒除尘器的清灰效果进行试验研究,得出不同脉冲参数对除尘器清灰效果的影响。而且,在试验过程中发现该类除尘器在清灰方面存在滤筒各部位清灰不均的现象,为进一步改善和提高卧式脉冲滤筒除尘器的清灰效果,解决其清灰不均的问题,提出了切实有效的解决方法以指导卧式脉冲滤筒除尘器的设计及运行。     

旋流除尘器阻力损失及除尘效率影响因素的模拟研究

基于Fluent软件建立了某型旋流除尘器内部流场模拟的仿真模型,研究了旋流除尘器叶片宽度、叶片倾角,以及处理风量对旋流除尘器阻力损失和除尘效率的影响。结果表明,叶片宽度和叶片倾角的减小以及风量的增大都会导致旋流除尘器阻力损失的显著增大,但同时旋流除尘器内旋流体上部的烟气离心加速度明显增大,即除尘效率会提高。由此可见,研究旋流除尘器内流场及相关参数对阻力损失和除尘效率的影响对工程实际具有重要的指导意义。最后,通过工程实例验证了计算结果的合理性和准确性。     

低阻电旋风除尘器性能研究

本文对用对数螺旋筒体与静电结合而成的电旋风除尘器的性能进行了初步研究，分析了影响其除尘效率的因素，得到了该型（一定结构）除尘器的效率与风量（风速），工作电压，入口浓度之间的基本关系，阻力与风量（风速）之间的关系，初步的研究表明，该型除尘器有极低的阻力和较高的效率。     

袋式除尘器传统结构的设计改进

袋式除尘器是现代煤粉工业中常用的一项除尘设备．在以往的煤粉工业生产过程中起到了至关重要的作用。随着近些年科学技术的进步。袋式除尘器也得到了不小的发展和改进。传统的袋式除尘器在处理粉尘过程中,其效率仍然有待提高．其结构也限制了袋式除尘器向最经济的方向发展。本文结合对袋式除尘器传统结构中的设计的研究．从其清灰方式等发面．研究改进袋式除尘器的相关策略。从而有效地提高袋式除尘器的工作效率。     

抛丸机滤筒除尘器技术改造设计与实践

为解决抛丸机滤筒除尘器运行中存在的问题,进行了技术改造,通过改变新建除尘器的滤筒布置方式和脉冲清灰方式,减小过滤阻力,原有除尘器继续保留作为应急备用机,两台除尘器可切换运行,并且可在同一个HMI画面上进行操作,改造结果满足除尘要求。     

不同类型除尘器改造为脉冲除尘器技术

介绍了除尘器改造的原则、技术和方法,并结合多个除尘器改造的工程实例,分享了不同类型除尘器改造为脉冲除尘器成功经验。经过改造的除尘器能够满足集气吸尘罩处风量的要求,减少了除尘器出口排放浓度,降低了除尘器的运行阻力。     

滤筒脉喷清灰过程中尘饼剥离对喷吹性能的影响

以滤筒除尘器的脉冲喷吹清灰为研究对象,考察脉冲清灰过程中尘饼剥离对喷吹性能的影响,运用CFD软件构建脉冲喷吹的数值模型,对清灰气流流场进行分析。结果表明:脉冲喷吹在滤筒中下部区域形成的压力显著高于顶部区域;与尘饼固定情形相比,尘饼剥离情形下脉冲喷吹强度更小、喷吹均匀性更差、穿过滤筒的气流更大;随着初始总过滤阻力ΔP_t（<1000 Pa时）的增加,喷吹强度和喷吹均匀性提高,穿过滤筒的气流量降低,ΔP_t>1000 Pa时则达到稳定。所得结论可为脉冲喷吹清灰除尘器的研究与设计提供理论参考。     

自适应模糊PID在SNCR烟气脱硝系统中的仿真与应用

针对当前在选择性非催化还原反应(SNCR)烟气脱硝工艺应用中喷氨量的控制问题,通常采用传统PID控制方式。控制系统的时效滞后或负荷的波动等,使得SNCR脱硝系统存在惯性滞后,因此提出一种喷氨量自适应模糊PID控制策略,通过对输出误差在线实时检测,再根据模糊推理对PID控制器的3个参数进行在线纠正,得到最佳控制参数。将自适应模糊PID控制与常规PID控制进行仿真比较,结果表明前者控制效果优于后者。该策略既具有传统PID控制策略的特点,而且还有模糊策略超调量小、调节迅速的优点,从而实现喷氨量的实时准确控制。     

SBR法反硝化过程模糊控制器的设计和碳源投加方式的选择

在大量试验的基础上构建了SBR法反硝化过程的模糊控制器，并进行了3种碳源投加方式的实时控制试验。结果表明，按较小的速率连续投加碳源是最佳投加方式，它不仅可以满足反硝化速率上的要求，还可以尽量地减少再曝气时间，以pH和ORP作为SBR法反硝化时间和碳源投加的在线模糊控制参数是可行的和可靠的。     

Design and tuning of a fuzzy logic controller for micro-hole electrical discharge machining

The design and tuning of a three-input fuzzy logic controller for electrical discharge machining (EDM) of diesel injector spray holes are presented. The tuning process is based on the variable type and discretization level to balance the data precision and computational time for servo motion updates in the fuzzy logic controller and is performed to improve the micro-hole EDM drilling time. The type and number of input parameters are studied to select the gap voltage, spark ratio, and change of spark ratio as input parameters for the fuzzy logic controller. A gain scheduling controller is used as the baseline and shows excellent drilling time in drilling a 1.14 mm thick workpiece using a 150 μm diameter wire electrode. The tuned fuzzy logic controller is comparable with the gain scheduling controller in drilling time and demonstrates its advantages on different EDM drilling configurations, including deep-hole and small-diameter micro-hole drilling. Analysis of EDM pulse trains reveals insights for controller design and identifies requirements for further improvement.     

模糊控制技术在污水处理中的应用

针对污水处理过程中采用传统的流量程序控制和时间程序控制的不足,提出了一种基于单片机的模糊控制方法。该方法以污水流量、溶解氧(DO)浓度和污泥回流比为主要被控对象,以DO浓度为主要控制参数,通过离散计算和在线查表的模糊推理方法可得到最佳的风机转速,使污水处理生化池内DO浓度保持在最佳状态,同时还通过控制曲线展示了当输入污水流量发生扰动时对DO浓度的控制精度,使污水处理质量保持稳定。通过实际应用表明,该控制方法不但能确保出口净化水水质达标,还可以节约15%的电能。     

模糊控制在湿法脱硫烟气系统中的应用

介绍了石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫装置烟气系统的设计情况,重点讲述了增压风机动叶的控制,针对增压风机动叶系统时滞、非线性等特点,常规PID控制效果并不理想,设计出模糊控制器,仿真后证明了理论的正确性。     

A/O生物脱氮工艺内循环回流和外碳源投加综合控制的优化

为了提高A/O工艺反硝化效果,应用COST/IWA-Benchmark基准对5种内循环回流量和外碳源投加综合控制策略进行了比较.结果表明,控制策略1无论从外碳源消耗量、出水水质,还是从控制器稳定性上都是最优的控制策略,它有2个反馈环路组成,一个环路控制外碳源投加量,从而维持缺氧区出水硝酸氮浓度处于最优设定值2mg/L,另外一个环路控制内循环回流量,维持好氧区出水硝酸氮浓度(根据排放标准确定,一般为8～12mg/L).该策略在低负荷时可以高效利用缺氧区反硝化容量,而在高负荷时通过控制外碳源投量保证出水硝酸氮满足排放标准.     

基于模糊PI控制的瞬态高温控制策略研究

目的通过地面环境试验研究气动热引起的瞬态高温环境对飞行器结构的影响。方法设计基于石英灯和离心机的瞬态高温-加速度复合试验系统,研究温度和加速度同步控制系统的结构和原理,分析无制冷装置环境下瞬态高温控制的难点,提出基于模糊PI控制器的温度控制策略。结果通过MATLAB仿真验证,设计的模糊PI控制器相比传统的PI控制器能够有效提高温度控制的动态性能与精确性。结论将基于模糊PI控制的瞬态加热控制策略应用于瞬态高温控制是可行、有效的,能为地面气动热模拟环境试验提供技术保障。     

Effects of alfalfa coverage on runoff, erosion and hydraulic characteristics of overland flow on loess slope plots

An evaluation of the interactions between vegetation, overland and soil erosion can provide valuable insight for the conservation of soil and water. An experiment was conducted to study water infiltration, runoff generation process, rate of sediment erosion, and hydrodynamic characteristics of overland flow from a sloping hillside with different draw-off discharges from alfalfa and control plots with 20° slope. The effect of alfalfa on runoff and sediment transport reduction was quantitatively analyzed. Alfalfa was discussed for its ability to reduce the overland flow scouring force or change the runoff movement. Compared to the bare-soil plots, alfalfa plots generated a 1.77 times increase in infiltration rate. Furthermore, the down-slope water infiltration rate for the bare soil plots was higher than in the up-slope, while the opposite was found in the alfalfa plots. In addition, alfalfa had a significant effect on runoff and sediment yield. In comparison to the control, the runoff coefficient and sediment transportation rate decreased by 28.3% and 78.4% in the grass slope, respectively. The runoff generated from the alfalfa and bare-soil plots had similar trends with an initial increase and subsequent leveling to a steady-state rate. The transport of sediment reduced with time as a consequence of the depletion of loose surface materials. The maximum sediment concentration was recorded within the first few minutes of each event. The alfalfa plots had subcritical flow while the baresoil plots had supercritical flow, which indicate that the capability of the alfalfa slope for resisting soil erosion and sediment movement was greater than for bare soil plots. Moreover, the flow resistance coefficient and roughness coefficient for the alfalfa plots were both higher than for the bare-soil plots, which indicate that overland flow in alfalfa plots had retarded and was blocked, and the flow energy along the runoff path had gradually dissipated. Finally, the ability to erode and transport sediment had decreased.     

Study of control strategy and simulation in anoxic-oxic nitrogen removal process

The control strategy and simulation of external carbon addition were specially studied in an anoxic-oxic(A/O) process with low carbon: nitrogen(C/N) domestic wastewater. The control strategy aimed to adjust the flow rate of external carbon dosage to the anoxic zone, thus the concentration of nitrate plus nitrite(NOx^- -N) in the anoxic zone was kept closed to the set point. The relationship was studied between the NOx^- -N concentration in the anoxic zone(SNo) and the dosage of external carbon, and the results showed that the removal efficiency of the total nitrogen(TN) could not be largely improved by double dosage of carbon source when SNO reached about 2 mg/L. Through keeping SNO at the level of about 2 mg/L, the demand of effluent quality could be met and the carbon dosage could be optimized. Based on the Activated Sludge Model No. 1 (ASM No. 1), a simplified mathematical model of external carbon dosage was developed, Simulation results showed that PI controller and feed-forward PI controller both had good dynamic response and steady precision. And feed-forward PI controller had better control effects due to its consideration of influent disturbances.     

城市内湖综合治理及效果评价

重庆市双龙湖2002年监测表明属劣Ⅴ类水体,水质严重恶化,2003年对双龙湖水环境进行了治理,治理采取生态措施、工程措施与管理措施相结合的综合治理方案．综合治理前后水体水质发生了很大变化。为科学评估双龙湖综合治理效果。笔者引入模糊数学概念,应用模糊综合评判方法来客观地反映水环境质量状况。结果表明;双龙湖水体在治理前属于Ⅴ类水质,隶属度达到90％,主要污染物为磷;双龙湖在治理后水体水质满足并优于Ⅳ类标准。Ⅳ类及以上。隶属度达到97％。年季水质动态稳定在Ⅲ类和Ⅳ类之间,敏感性因子为氮和磷。双龙湖综合治理效果明显。应用模糊数学方法。通过计算分析污染因子隶属度、权重系数和模糊综合指数来评价水体水质,具有科学性和实用性。