共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
海上石油泄漏常规的处理方法是原位燃烧,加速其燃烧并使其燃尽是降低其对生态环境影响的重要措施之一。以正庚烷为燃料,在油池内插入竖直铝板,研究不同高度铝板对池火燃烧行为的影响。结果表明,插板对池火燃烧速率以及火焰高度具有明显的增强作用,随着板的高度的增加,增强作用先增大后减小,当H_p/D(板高与油池直径之比)为3.5时,增强作用最大。火焰高度、板的温度、热通量以及燃烧速率的变化趋势一致,它们的临界点均在H_p/D=3.5附近。插板后燃烧速率增大主要是因为插板自身的热传导导致了燃料的核态沸腾,使燃料接受的热反馈增大,从而加快了燃料的蒸发,增大了燃烧速率。 相似文献
2.
为研究乙二醇流淌火燃烧蔓延特性,利用自行设计的流淌火试验平台,开展了乙二醇流淌火实体试验,研究了试验过程中火焰温度、前锋移动、火焰高度等典型参数变化规律。同时,为实现流淌火的有效蔓延控制,开发酚醛泡沫材料模拟乙二醇流淌火围堵处置,评价其围堵效能。结果表明:乙二醇流淌火燃烧速度缓慢,火焰温度低于池火温度;酚醛泡沫材料对可燃液体流淌火展现出较好耐火、阻隔作用,对液体危化品的泄漏围堵具有积极实践意义。 相似文献
3.
为探究流淌火在变坡度地面的蔓延特性,丰富火灾研究理论,推进流淌火预防和风险评估的发展,采用1套自制矩形小尺度油槽系统,研究正丁醇变坡度、变泄漏速率情况下溢油定常流淌火的蔓延特性.结果表明:当泄漏速率相同时,坡度越大,正丁醇的加速过程越明显,当坡度从1°上升到4°,正丁醇扩散速率增大了40.8％;不同坡度下,正丁醇的平均... 相似文献
4.
为保证航空燃油储运安全和机场消防安全,设计并搭建航空燃油流淌火试验平台,以航空煤油(JP4)为试验燃料,根据蠕动泵转速选取4种不同泄漏速率,开展航空煤油流淌火试验研究。试验中记录航空煤油流淌火的火焰前沿位置、燃烧面积、蔓延速率等典型特征参数,并对试验过程进行录像,分析典型特征参数的变化。结果显示,航空煤油流淌火的稳定线燃烧速率为3.71×10-5 m/s,初始蔓延速率随泄漏速率的增加率约5.5 mm/s。航空煤油流淌火的典型特征参数均与泄漏速率正相关。 相似文献
5.
多火源燃烧是森林火灾和城市群发性火灾中重要而又特殊的火灾现象,相关研究很少。通过恒定控制液面高度的实验系统,对直径0.1m、0.2m和0.4m的庚烷池火在单个火源、两火源燃烧和三火源线性排列时的火焰高度、火焰体积和燃烧速率等特性进行了实验研究。研究发现,三火源燃烧时中间火源的火焰高度、火焰体积和燃烧速率明显高于两火源燃烧和单火源燃烧,三火源燃烧时边上火源与两火源的燃烧状况难以区分。这些燃烧特性随着火源间距的减小,呈现增大趋势。热量反馈增强和空气卷吸受限这两种火源相互作用机制相互耦合,且随着火源间距的减小而增强,在S/D（S为火源间距,D为油池直径）为2～4时,两种机制强烈竞争,在其他参数范围内热量反馈增强效应占主导作用。研究还发现火焰体积与热释放速率有较好的线性相关关系,单位火焰体积的热释放速率约为1614kW/m3。 相似文献
6.
为研究低压条件下油品燃烧特性,以乙醇油池火为研究对象,搭建高原油池火实验平台,研究不同油盘直径下乙醇油池火燃烧规律,分析燃烧速率、火焰高度和火焰脉动等参数随时间的变化规律。研究结果表明：低压条件下的乙醇油池火,燃烧速率小于同等尺度常压条件下的油池火燃烧速率;乙醇油池火的燃烧速率随油盘直径增加变化不明显;火焰高度随油池直径增加呈现显著上升趋势,并拟合推导出适用于低压乙醇池火的火焰高度公式;火焰脉动频率随油池直径增大而减小,并给出火焰脉动与油池直径的经验公式。研究结果可丰富低压乙醇燃烧的油池火实验数据,为低压乙醇油池火的风险评估提供参考。 相似文献
7.
为探究耦合燃烧作用对固体可燃物火蔓延的影响,开展基于燃烧相互作用的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA)相向火蔓延特性实验研究。通过对不同宽度PMMA板进行相向火蔓延实验,获取火焰图像、温度场、质量损失速率等燃烧特性参数,分析相向火蔓延的过程特点与燃烧机理。研究结果表明：相向火蔓延过程中存在4个典型阶段,即快速发展阶段、相对稳定阶段、相互作用阶段、融合燃尽阶段;PMMA板宽度对相向火蔓延燃烧特性的影响较为显著,体现在热解区长度、相对稳定状态维持时间、质量损失速率等参数变化上。研究结果可为建筑物保温材料的火灾预防抑制提供参考。 相似文献
8.
9.
针对天然气管道泄漏发生喷射火事故,采用动态火灾软件FDS进行天然气管道泄漏喷射火数值仿真,结合固体火焰模型分析了火焰几何特性、温度与热辐射空间分布等关键参数,依据温度与热辐射伤害准则确定了危险区域范围;并对比不同风速和泄漏孔径下火灾事故的危险范围,研究风速和泄漏孔径对火灾事故的影响程度。结果表明:热辐射是火灾后果的主导因素,25.4 mm泄漏孔径喷射火灾充分燃烧时,其火焰最高温度为1 200℃,喷射口25 m以内为危险区域,随风速增大,温度伤害范围略有增大,热辐射伤害范围显著增大;泄漏孔径变化对喷射火事故后果的影响与风速变化的影响相同,但泄漏孔径对事故后果的影响更为显著,泄漏孔径从6.35 mm增大至25.4 mm和101.6 mm,人员温度伤害半径分别增大2.71倍和10.42倍。最后,结合仿真结果,提出了具有针对性的喷射火应急防控措施。 相似文献
10.
正方形煤油池火燃烧特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
实验研究了无风条件下正方形煤油池火的燃烧特性,包括燃烧速率、火焰高度和火焰脉动频率等。正方形油池边长分别为0．2m,0．4m,0．6m,0．8m,油池壁面高度均为0．13m。利用图像处理技术分析了油池火火焰高度,并在此基础上建立了获取火焰脉动频率的两种方法。研究发现,油池壁面高度的存在使油池火的燃烧速率低于理论值;燃烧速率实验值与油池特征尺寸（d／L）呈单调递减关系;较小尺度油池的平均火焰高度与理论预测值比较接近,但较大尺度油池的平均火焰高度明显低于理论预测值;油池壁面的存在使油池火脉动频率低于理论值;随特征尺度（d／L）的增加火焰的脉动频率范围加大,脉动不稳定加剧。 相似文献
11.
"燃烧假人"测试方法中燃烧系统设计研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
“燃烧假人”测试方法中火场环境生成是对服装整体阻燃性能进行定量评估的前提，而燃烧系统设计是实现具有可重复性、一致性、均匀性等特点火场环境的关键。本文对燃烧系统的需求进行了分析，对其构成及设计思路进行了研究，提出了一种解决方案。 相似文献
12.
13.
The spread of burning fuel spilled from oil product containers during offshore storage and transportation may cause large damage and trigger further accidents. Some analytical models already exist to predict the spread and burning behavior of liquid fuel spill fires, however, few experimental studies have been conducted to verify the model results. In this paper, continuous n-heptane spill fire experiments were conducted in a rectangular trench covered with water. The burning area, fuel spread rate, and thermal flux with different discharge flow rates and ignition delay times were investigated by both experimental and modeling means. The spill fire burning area, with 5 typical phases during burning, has a quasi-steady value which is directly proportional to the discharge rate but irrelevant to the ignition delay times. The steady burning rate, as the ratio of discharge rate over burning area, was estimated. A spread model was modified to simulate the spread of continuous liquid fuel spill fires in a one-dimensional channel, based on the balance between gravity and viscous forces. A cuboid solid flame model was used to compute the thermal flux from spill fires. The burning fuel spread and the heat flux calculated by the models agree with the experimental results. 相似文献
14.
15.
A. E. Dahoe L. P. H. de Goey 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2003,16(6):457-478
A methodology to determine the laminar burning velocity from closed vessel gas explosions is explored. Unlike other methods which have been used to measure burning velocities from closed vessel explosions, this approach belongs to the category which does not involve observation of a rapidly moving flame front. Only the pressure–time curve is required as experimental input. To verify the methodology, initially quiescent methane–air mixtures were ignited in a 20-l explosion sphere and the equivalence ratio was varied from 0.67 to 1.36. The behavior of the pressure in the vessel was measured as a function of time and two integral balance models, namely, the thin-flame and the three-zone model, were fitted to determine the laminar burning velocity. Data on the laminar burning velocity as a function of equivalence ratio, pressure and temperature, measured by a variety of other methods have been collected from the literature to enable a comparison. Empirical correlations for the effect of pressure and temperature on the laminar burning velocity have been reviewed and two were selected to be used in conjunction with the thin-flame model. For the three-zone model, a set of coupled correlations has been derived to describe the effect of pressure and temperature on the laminar burning velocity and the laminar flame thickness. Our laminar burning velocities are seen to fall within the band of data from the period 1953–2003. A comparison with recent data from the period 1994–2003 shows that our results are 5–10% higher than the laminar burning velocities which are currently believed to be the correct ones for methane–air mixtures. Based on this observation it is concluded that the methodology described in this work should only be used under circumstances where more accurate methods can not be applied. 相似文献
16.
When two or more pool fires burn in such close proximity of one another that they can influence each other, they are termed ‘multiple pool fires’ (MPF). The characteristics and the structure of MPFs are significantly different from that of stand-alone pool fires. Even though MPFs have known to occur fairly often in chemical process industries, much lesser work has been done towards simulation, modeling and control of MPFs as compared to stand-alone pool fires.This paper is perhaps the first-ever attempt at surveying the MPF state-of-the-art. It recounts MPF accidents and catalogs the controlled experiments that have been done to understand the mechanism and impact of MPFs. Attempts to model MPFs have been assessed and possible ways to manage MPFs have been touched upon. 相似文献