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战术导弹电子设备热设计研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
由于战术导弹高可靠性的要求,可靠性设计中的热设计问题越来越引起人们的重视。导弹电子设备,安装空间有限,安装密度高,加上密封要求,所以要求进行精心的热设计。本文根据工程实践的再认识,介绍了弹上电子设备的元器件、印制板和机箱等热设计的方法。 相似文献
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红外热像仪在电子设备热设计检查中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在电子设备的研制和设计阶段,热测试与分析是热设计中的重要环节。本文阐述了利用红外热像仪对电子设备关键部位进行热测试,检测电子设备内部温度分布情况,并与设计目标进行比较与纠正,从而达到热设计的最终目的。 相似文献
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对电子设备的可靠性设计进行了介绍,其中包括可靠性设计的任务和意义、可靠性设计基本任务、电子设备可靠性设计的基本方法等,其目的在于提高电子设备的可靠性和质量. 相似文献
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机械防护设计是电子设备耐环境设计的重要内容,对提高电子设备的可靠性水平具有现实意义,该文对电子设备的机械防护设计作了一些探讨。 相似文献
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计算机辅助设计在电子设备热设计中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在产品研发阶段寻求最优化的解决方案,缩短产品研制周期、降低生产成本、确保产品质量是每一位设计者所面临的问题。通过对一个在研项目中发射机功放模块的散热进行设计,过程中引入一些软件来辅助设计,从而达到上述中的设计要求。 相似文献
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业已为电子装置用的热真空试验设备拟定了技术条件,并进行了设计和制造。它可用来执行其任务——电子装置的热真空鉴定和验收试验。全部性能要求和详细设计参数都经过仔细估算成本效果,可达到低价(购买、操作和维修)、易于操作、维修简便和高级任选的设计目标。 成本节约主要来自详细分析热真空要求,找到能替代普通热罩和热板的低成本替换物。热板由循环液体进行热控制,液体温度通过工业用加热和制冷装置来调节。 高真空泵包括备有回流容器的扩散泵。 相似文献
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Gary J. Marmer John V. Tokar Robert P. Madding 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1975,11(6):1157-1180
ABSTRACT: In situ and remote sensing techniques for measuring thermal plumes are compared for data taken at the Point Beach Nuclear Power Plant on Lake Michigan for five separate occasions. The in situ method employed a boat whose position was determined with a microwave ranging system. Temperatures at the surface and at various depths were measured with fast response thermistor probes. The remote sensing technique utilized an infrared scanner in the 8 to 14 micron range. Comparison of the plumes indicates good agreement with respect to plume configurations, areas within isotherms and centerline temperature decays for all except one occasion, a calm day characterized by no waves, low wind and ambient current velocities. Robable reasons for disagreement under such ambient conditions are discussed. The inherent advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed in light of the results of the five sets of data. This includes both the data collecting and data analyzing procedures. It is concluded that judicious combination of both methods offers a better picture of thermal plumes than can be obtained by either technique alone. 相似文献
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Irving Spiewak 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1971,7(4):844-855
ABSTRACT The selection of an evaporator design must reflect the balancing of captial cost (primarily in heat exchanger surface and vessels) against operating cost (primarily steam cost) to achieve minimum cost. In a conjunctive plant the tendency is to select a low-capital cost, high-operating cost plant. In addition, it is advantageous to use a high-capacity plant which needs to be operated much less of the time than a plant which is sized just at the needed rate. For example, in the study of a possible system to satisfy a future increase of 450 MGD in water supply to New York Qty, a plant of 750 MGD capacity was selected as optimum. This plant, of the advanced VTE-MSF process type, would have a performance ratio of 9 lb product/1000 Btu as compared to 10-13 normally used for base-loaded plants. Steam would be supplied by a multi-unit dual-purpose nuclear power plant. The most economical type of energy supply would be “interruptible”; the steam would be used by a low pressure turbine to generate electricity during periods of peak electrical demand but would be available to the desalting plant at other times. The low pressure turbine would be available as spinning reserve during desalting plant operation. It is estimated that the desalting plant would have a load factor of 27 per cent over its life. 相似文献
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Eugene L. Peck John C. Schaake 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1990,26(1):87-99
ABSTRACT: The objective is to develop techniques to evaluate how changes in basic data networks can improve accuracy of water supply forecasts for mountainous areas. The approach used was to first quantify how additional data would improve our knowledge of winter precipitation, and second to estimate how this knowledge translates, quantitatively, into improvement in forecast accuracy. A software system called DATANET was developed to analyze each specific gage network alternative. This system sets up a fine mesh of grid points over the basin. The long-term winter mean precipitation at each grid point is estimated using a simple atmospheric model of the orographic precipitation process. The mean runoff at each grid point is computed from the long-term mean precipitation estimate. The basic runoff model is calibrated to produce the observed long-term runoff. The error analysis is accomplished by comparing the error in forecasts based on the best possible estimate of precipitation using all available data with the error in the forecasts based on the best possible estimate of winter precipitation using only the gaged data. Different data network configurations of gage sites can be compared in terms of forecast errors. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT This paper presents a sample design for selecting streams in an investigation of the relation between water pollutian and water based recreation expenditures. The design is a proportional sample of clusters of streams stratified in a two-way scheme. The clustering is achieved by sampling 71/2 minute topographical maps, and the stratification by using measures connected with water pollution to classify the clusters. The design is based on considerations of economy in data collection and computational efficiency. A distinctive feature of the design is that data collected are to be used in a regression analysis. Thus, the sample size is determined by trying to achieve a given degree of precision for the regression coefficients. 相似文献
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R. I. Hirshburg J. S. Goodling G. Maples 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1976,12(6):1151-1158
ABSTRACT: The time variation in the temperature distribution of a static water impoundment is predicted. The body of water is modeled as a discrete number of horizontally isothermal layers and the energy equation is solved using an implicit numerical scheme. Vertical energy transport mechanisms included are solar absorption, molecular diffusion, and convective mixing due to nocturnal turnover. The latter mechanism, called diurnal mixing, is found to have a profound effect on the stratification, particularly in the eplimnion patterns for a typical deep static impoundment. 相似文献
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Herbert C. Preul Constantine N. Papadakis 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1973,9(2):291-300
ABSTRACT A synthetic storm rainfall hyetograph for a one-year design frequency is derived from the one-year intensity-duration curve developed for Cincinnati, Ohio. Detailed rainfall data for a three-year period were collected from three raingages triangulating the Bloody Run Sewer Watershed, an urban drainage areas of 2380 acres'in Cincinnati, Ohio. The advancement of the synthetic storm pattern is obtained from an analysis of the antecedent precipitation immediately preceding the maximum period of three selected durations. Rains which produced excessive runoff at least for some duration were considered only. The same approach can be used for other design frequencies. The purpose of this study is to provide synthetic storm hyetographs to be used as input in deterministic mathematical models simulating urban storm water runoff for the design, analysis and possible surcharge prediction of sewer systems. 相似文献
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S. H. Lin L. T. Fan C. L. Hwang 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1973,9(4):689-702
A modified transient version of the Streeter-Phelps model along with the energy balance equation is employed to analyze the effects of waste heat discharge from power plants on stream water quality. Analysis is also made to examine the effects of the upstream water quality and stream velocity on the downstream DO concentration level. The resulting coupled nonlinear hyperbolic partial differential equations representing the energy, BOD and DO concentrations are solved by the method of characteristics and simulated on a digital computer. Final numerical results indicate that the allowable quantity of thermal discharge does heavily depend on the upstream quality. 相似文献
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Virginia W. Kupritz 《Journal of environmental psychology》1998,18(4):341-356
This study examines the impact of building design on privacy in two office environments at Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation, Inc., U.S.A. The findings offer a range of design resources that Facility Management at Gulfstream can utilize to manage privacy for their office workers. In a broader context, the theoretical considerations presented in this study, though still in their formative stage, offer additional insight into what office workers may think about privacy in the work environment. These theoretical considerations have far reaching implications for design professionals, and pending further research may prove cost effective. 相似文献
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Stanley G. Chamberlain Charles V. Beckers G. Paul Grimsrud Roger Don Shull 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1974,10(2):199-219
ABSTRACT: To assure attainment and maintenance of desired water quality levels in our rivers and streams, systematic monitoring must be performed. A preliminary phase of the design of water quality surveillance systems is the specification of sampling frequencies and station locations throughout the basin; that is, the development of an adequate space/time sampling plan. The purpose of this paper is to present some quantitative methods which have been developed to identify candidate sets of sampling frequencies and station locations, and to establish priorities for implementing the different frequencies and locations. These methods are useful in the cost/effectiveness trade-off analyses in surveillance system design, and are based on the surveillance system objective of pollution abatement in which it is desired to detect violations in state-federal water quality standards. A spatial priority measure is developed which is dependent both on the water quality profile in the stream and on the information obtained from monitoring stations located in other reaches. Also, a temporal sampling priority rating is presented which is a measure of the effectiveness of the surveillance system with respect to its ability to detect the violations in the standards. To illustrate the quantitative methods, the procedures are applied to the Wabash River Basin. 相似文献
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Tonja Koob Michael E. Barber Wade E. Hathhorn 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1999,35(2):323-331
ABSTRACT: The successful design of constructed wetlands requires a continuous supply of water or vegetation that can withstand drought conditions. Having a constant water source is the best alternative to insure species diversity throughout the season. Consequently, detention structure designs should be based on times between events as well as on hydrologic return periods, since between events is when most evaporation and infiltration losses are likely to occur. In arid or semi-arid environments, this is a difficult process because of long interevent times and seasonal changes in precipitation patterns. This discussion is predicated on the assumption that phytoplankton, epiphytic algae, and emergent vegetation require moist conditions to be effective at removing nutrients, metals and other pollutants. There are drought tolerant species of vegetation that can be used in constructed wetlands but it may take several days to re-establish the attached bacteria communities necessary for optimum pollutant removal. This paper examines a stochastic framework to examine the probability of extended dry periods based on historic rainfall data. The number of consecutive dry days is selected for a specified level of assurance. By multiplying this value by the sum of daily system losses, an overall pond volume can be determined that ensures a minimum depth of water. To illustrate the utility of the approach, the method is applied to a site in Spokane, Washington. 相似文献