超临界流体技术在环境保护与治理中的应用

本文介绍了超临界流体的特性，对超临界流体技术（超临界流体清洁生产、超临界流体萃取、超临界流体色谱及超临界水氧化等）在环境保护与环境治理中的应用进行了综述。     

超临界技术在环境工程中的应用进展

简单介绍了超临界流体的基本性质,综述了超临界技术在固废、污泥以及废水处理方面的应用成果。指出伴随着若干问题的解决,该技术必将在环境领域产生巨大的经济效益和社会效益。     

超临界流体萃取技术在环境工程中的应用

超临界流体萃取的是以超临界流体作为溶媒体的新型分离技术,具有分离效果好、萃取率高、产物无溶剂残留、节能和实用性强等优点。超临界流体萃取技术在废水处理、固体废物处理及大气污染物治理,分析中的研究和开发日益广泛,应用前景十分看好。     

绿色分离技术-超临界流体萃取的应用

介绍了超临界流体的性质及萃取过程,主要介绍了超临界流体萃取技术在医药、食品、环保及分析领域方面的应用。     

超临界流体的应用及发展趋势

介绍了超临界流体的定义、性质和特征，及超临界流体技术在萃取、重结晶、色谱和化学反应等不同方面的应用，并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

绿色分离技术—超临界流萃取的应用

介绍了超临界流体的性质及萃取过程,主要介绍了超临界流体萃取技术在医药、食品、环保及分析 领域方面的应用。     

超临界流体的应用及发展趋势

介绍超临界流体技术在萃取、重结晶、色谱和化学反应等方面的应用、发展趋势和运用中存在的问题。     

废液处理新工艺超临界水氧化（SCWO）评述

超临界水氧化是一项对有机废液焚烧处理最有潜力的替代技术,在过去的20多年里,这项技术引起了广泛的关注。然而,作为一项管端技术,超临界水氧化仍存在许多不足,这些不足阻碍了它的工业应用。除了反应器腐蚀和盐析导致的技术问题外,超临界水氧化经常被认为是一项处理所有废液的“通用”技术,然而也是无法实现的“通用”技术。本文介绍了作为管端处理技术的超临界水氧化技术存在的问题,讨论了可能的解决办法,介绍了不同反应器的概念,提出了在超临界水氧化领域里开展进一步研究和发展新工艺流程的建议。此外,评价了超临界水氧化技术涉及到的自身能源供应问题。     

蔬菜中农药残留检测方法研究进展

对蔬菜中农药残留的前处理方法及检测方法进行了综述。固相萃取法（SPE）、超临界流体萃取（SFE）、毛细管气相色谱（CGC）、高效液相色谱（HPLC）及其联用技术是现阶段农药残留分析中的主要方法。     

超临界流体技术在化工污染治理中的应用

对于许多化工产品废物,如塑料、有毒物质、生物污泥和有机废水等,利用传统技术进行处理的效果较差。超临界流体(SCF)技术作为一种清洁环境的新技术,可用于治理化工污染物。SCF作为反应介质或反应物可替代有毒、有害有机溶剂;用作萃取剂,它是一种新型的分离技术;以SCF作移动相的色谱,可提高检测灵敏度和分辨率;将超临界水作为氧化剂,可破坏有机污染物的结构。SCF技术的应用可以大大减少环境污染。     

活性炭再生技术研究进展和发展趋势

综述了用于水处理领域的活性炭再生技术研究进展;分析了目前活性炭各种再生方法的优缺点,包括热再生、化学药剂再生、生物再生、电化学再生、超声波再生、催化湿式氧化再生和超临界流体再生等方法;介绍了活性炭再生的多种新技术,认为一种活性炭再生的新方法—超声波+电化学再生法有可能在未来挑战传统技术。     

超临界水氧化法处理酚水溶液初步研究

为探讨在超临界状态下苯酚水溶液的氧化分解情况,应用了间歇式高压釜进行了实验。实验结果表明：停留时间增加,转化率提高;在超临界条件下,反应的温度和压力对苯酚的氧化分解影响不大;在氧气充足的情况下,苯酚浓度的增加不会对苯酚的分解转化率产生大的影响。     

Lean methane premixed combustion over a catalytically stabilized zirconia foam burner

This study experimentally investigates lean methane/air premixed combustion in a catalytic zirconia foam burner. The burner is packed with an inert perforated alumina plate at the inlet preheating zone and with catalytic zirconia foams at the combustion zone. Catalytic foams are prepared by using a modified perovskite catalyst (LaMn_0.4Co_0.6O₃), in which the transition metal ion Co is partially substituted by Mn and supported by inert zirconia foam. Results indicate that the flame stability limits of both catalytic and inert burners expand with increasing equivalence ratios. The stable combustion region of the catalytic burner is larger than that of the inert burner. The heterogeneous catalytic combustion effect can decrease and increase the lower and upper flame stability limits, respectively. The central temperatures of the flame fronts are higher in the catalytic burner than in the inert burner. The pressure drops of the catalytic burner are almost equal to those of the inert burner in cold flows but are significantly higher than those in the inert burner in reaction flows. Less amounts of carbon monoxide, nitric oxides, and unburned hydrocarbon emissions are detected in the catalytic burner relative to the inert burner. The thermal radiation efficiencies of the catalytic burner vary between 0.24 and 0.39 and are favorably superior to those of the inert burner, ranging from 0.11 to 0.20.     

超临界水氧化(SCWO)在环境保护中的应用

超临界水氧化（SCWO）技术是近年来发展起来的新技术，利用它可以完全破坏有机毒害物质，在环境保护方面具有广阔的应用前景。文章在阐述超临界水性质的基础上，介绍了超临界水氧化法破坏有机物的优点，原理及工艺流程，并对该技术在应用过程中可能出现的问题及应当采取的措施进行了讨论。     

Optimization of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using ion-exchange resins

Waste cooking oil is a potential substitution of refined vegetable oil for the production of biodiesel due to the low cost of raw material and for solving their disposal problem. In this study, optimization of esterification process of free fatty acids in artificially acidified soybean oil with oleic acid has been carried out using methanol as an agent and ion exchange resin as a heterogeneous catalyst. The esterification reaction has been investigated based on the mass balance of the developed model. The model has been validated against experimental data and effects of temperature and catalyst weight have been analyzed. Thereafter, optimization process has been fulfilled for two different objective functions as conversion of acid oil and benefit. Optimization results indicated that the maximum conversion of acid is 95.95%, which is achievable at 4.48-g catalyst loading and reaction temperature of 120°C. Maximum benefit was obtained as US$0.057 per batch of reaction at a catalyst amount of 1 g and temperature of 120°C.