论高职院校实施素质教育的对策

阐述了高等职业院校实施素质教育必要性和紧迫性,界定了素质教育的基本内涵和规格体系,从高职院校实施素质教育的教育观念、非智力因素、创造能力培养、隐性课堂建设、基础文明习习惯的养成以及面向全体学生等六个方面提出了建议.     

大学英语教学中实施美育探索

美育是当代教育的重要成部分,在学校教育中发挥积极作用.结合大学英语教学中的一些特征,对如何在大学英语教学中实施美育功能进行了探索.     

高职非英语专业学生口语学习的心理因素分析及对策

英语教学的最终目标是是培养学生的语言应用和交流能力.教育部颁发的《高职高专教育英语课程教学基本要求》明确提出了"以实用为主,以应用为目的"的教学思想,在英语教学中,口语教学已经受到越来越高的重视,很多学习方法也将口语作为英语学习的突破口,因此,作为一名英语教师,如何使学生真正具备实际语言交流能力并且适应社会经济发展最新需求,是需要认真思考的问题.就高职非英语专业学生口语学习的存在问题的心理方面的因素进行分析,并提出相应的策略.     

论英语教学中传统教学法与交际教学法的相融性

中国加入WTO给国人带来了新的机遇和挑战,同时也给外语语教学,特别是英语教学方法带来了挑战.大家知道,目前中国有两种主要的英语教学方法,即传统教学法和交际教学法.然而,根据上述两种教学方法的特征及我国英语教学现状,作者提出了一种融两种教学方法于一体的综合教学方法.本文通过分析两种教学方法的特征、互补性、以及其相融性的必然趋势,论述了这两种教学法的相融性,并且阐述了这种综合教学方法的可行性的.     

大学英语中文化导入浅析

论述了文化内容的导入在英语语言学习中的必要性,提出了一些培养学生文化意识的文化导入原则,探讨了在英语教学过程中,怎样通过文化的导入来培养学生的文化意识,从而加深学生对不同文化的理解和交流,使其语言能力更有效地转变为交际能力.参6.     

网络教学平台在独立学院英语教学改革中的辅助作用

传统英语课堂教学模式已不能适应社会发展的要求,大学英语的教学改革势在必行.该文针对湖南某高校独立学院英语教学中遭遇的困难,探讨如何发挥网络教学平台的作用,逐步改变传统的讲授模式,以实现学生英语综合能力的提高.     

浅谈英语教学中的新型师生关系

本文从新型师生关系着手，阐述了英语教学中新型师生关系建立的必要性，从教师对自己及学生的态度、教学手段、教学方法以及课外活动等几个方面展开，论述了英语教学中新型师生关系的构建理论。     

区域环境风险分析及防控对策研究——以百色市为例

随着工业社会的发展,环境风险因素日益加剧,环境安全形势日趋严峻.通过对区域环境风险话题的讨论,引起公众对环境安全的关注.同时,通过对百色环境风险因素进行分析、研究,找出存在的环境风险因素和问题,并提出解决对策和方法,为百色市环境风险防控工作提供参考.     

三叶虫茶茶多酚提取工艺研究

研究萃取-沉淀法从虫茶中提取分离茶多酚的影响因素.采用单因素循环法考虑各影响因素,得出三叶虫茶茶多酚的最优提取工艺.用回流法提取茶多酚,并用单因素循环法分别考察提取剂、沉淀剂、转溶酸、萃取次数对茶多酚提取率的影响,用紫外-可见分光光度法对提取液进行检测.用萃取-沉淀法从虫茶中提取分离茶多酚,以80%丙酮作提取剂,Zn Cl2作沉淀剂,盐酸转溶的效果较为理想.结论表明,萃取-沉淀法提取分离虫茶中茶多酚,所需要的有机溶剂少,能耗低,纯度高,具有可行性.图4,表5,参14.     

从语言输入输出理论谈互动式课堂教学

通过对语言输入与输出理论以及互动式教学法的分析,作者认为把前者融入到后者之中来进行英语教学可取得更好的效果,还强调既要重视语言输入,又要强调语言的输出。     

Evaluating losses in ecosystem services in nature reserves in Sichuan,China

Nature reserves have developed rapidly over the decades in China and play a significant role in the function of ecosystem services. The function of ecosystem services in nature reserves, however, has tended to decline in recent years due to natural hazards and human activities. Based on land use, the variation of ecosystem services value (ESV) during 2000–2010 in national nature reserves in Sichuan was evaluated. We analyzed the comprehensive effects of natural disasters and human activities on the decline of ESVs. Total ESV in the national nature reserves in Sichuan was approximately 2741.35 million US$ in 2000, 2616.81 million US$ in 2005, and 2499.06 million US$ in 2010, representing a decrease of 242.29 million US$, or 8.84%, in the decade. Forestland, grassland, wetland, and water bodies played vital roles in the function of ecosystem services, with an aggregated ESV of 99% of the total. The largest proportion of the total ESV was the protection of biodiversity at 48.6%. ESV of all land use types and single ecosystem services continued to decline during 2000–2010. A mechanism of adaptable risk prevention should be established, and unreasonable human activities should be avoided to protect ecosystems and to improve the functions of ecosystem services.     

森林土壤固碳机理研究进展

全球碳平衡中,土壤有机碳储量为2000 Pg,植被碳储量500 Pg,大气碳储量785 Pg,土壤中有机碳变化是影响大气温室气体含量的重要因素。中国人工林总量世界第一,可以通过造林树种的选择,增加森林土壤的碳汇功能,它主要通过4种机理来实现,包括稳定性有机-矿物复合体的形成、持久性封存的深层碳的增加、耐分解有机物成份的积累、以及土壤团聚体结构中碳的物理性保护。中国近年来对木材的需求上升,导致大量短轮伐期人工林的种植,采伐、火烧炼山、施肥与整地等营林措施对土壤碳汇功能形成重大影响。因而,通过加强对中国人工林土壤固碳机理的研究,通过人为措施实现具有较强固碳能力的森林类型,从而提高人工森林生态系统的固碳能力,它对中国减排增汇战略具有重要意义,而加强对不同营林措施对碳汇功能影响的研究是中国当前面临的重大课题。     

中国水稻土碳循环研究进展

文章首先分析了水稻土在碳循环研究中的地位和重要性，进而对我目水稻土碳循环的研究现状作了较为详尽的阐述，对其主要研究结论进行了深入的剖析。中国大而积的水稻土自1980年以来显示出有机碳库增加现象，说明水稻田对大气CO2可能产生汇效应。水耕熟化过程足有机碳的积累过程，水稻土的碳密度是早作土碳密度的2-3倍。水稻土的同碳能力与土壤的微团聚体的粒径有关。但对于水稻土中有机碳的分布和结合状态与农业管理措施、水稻土质量变化、农业生态环境变化的关系仍不清楚。因而建议就这一问题从土壤物理学、化学和生物学的相互作朋与土壤微团聚体中矿物质、有机质和微生物的相互结合关系的层面上进行多学科研究。同时提出了今后我困水稻土碳循环的重点研究方向和领域，即从整体和系统的角度来研究碳循环和平衡，从不同的时空区域来研究碳循环的过程和强度。     

Is the antipredatory response in behaviour reflected in stress measured in faecal corticosteroids in a small rodent?

Predation risk has been shown to alter various behaviours in prey. Risk alters activity, habitat use and foraging, and weight decrease might be a consequence of that. In mammals, studies on physiological measures affected by risk of predation, other than weight, are rare. We studied in two separate laboratory experiments foraging, hoarding behaviour and expression of stress measured non-invasively from the faeces in the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus), a common boreal rodent. Voles were exposed to predation risk using odours of the least weasels (Mustela nivalis nivalis). Distilled water served as control. In the first experiment, we found that foraging effort, measured as sunflower seeds taken from seed trays filled with sand, was significantly lower in trays scented with weasel odour. Both immediate consumption of seeds and hoarding were affected negatively by the weasel odour. Females hoarded significantly more than males in autumn. In the second experiment, the negative effect of weasel odour on foraging was consistent over a 3-day experiment, but the strongest effect was observed in the first night. Foraging increased over the time of the experiment, which might reflect either energetic compensation during a longer period of risk, predicted in the predation risk allocation hypothesis, or habituation to the odour-simulated risk. Despite decreased foraging under predation risk, stress measured as corticosteroid metabolite concentration in vole faeces was not affected by the weasel odour treatment. In conclusion, we were able to verify predation-risk-mediated changes in the foraging effort of bank voles but no physiological stress response was measured non-invasively, probably due to great individual variation in secretion of stress hormones.     

Employment of passive sampling in monitoring indoor air quality in selected residences in a Tri-city area in Poland

Time-weighted average concentrations of selected volatile compounds were measured in chosen residences in a Tri-City area of Poland by means of passive sampling. The results were compared to those obtained by dynamic technique – sorption tubes filled with Tenax TA sorbent. Results obtained by employing the two techniques were similar. Total volatile organic compound (TVOC) parameters were also determined. An attempt was also made to evaluate the influence of outdoor air pollutants on indoor air quality.     

中国公众参与环境管理的研究

回顾了中国公众参与环境管理的发展历程,分析了公众参与环境管理存在的问题。针对公众参与环境保护管理的有效性的影响因子,例如主观因素、传统背景、时效因素及执行技巧等进行一系列的探讨,并根据公众参与计划的设计构思、公众参与计划的关键两方面的讨论,提出增加公众参与环境保护管理有效性的一些建议。     

Lead in a residential environment in Jamaica

The background levels of lead in Jamaica in soils and sediments, estimated at 37 mg kg^–1, are relatively high compared with world averages. Several areas have values in excess of this due to mineralisation and pollution. One such is the residential Hope Flats/Kintyre area in which levels of lead up to 2.5% are found in the soils and up to 8 g kg^–1 in the water of the nearby Hope River. The blood lead levels of a sample of children were in the range 5.7–57 g dl^–1. The high lead levels suggest a potential health risk, particularly for the children. This can be minimised by programmes which include community education, case management and abatement to reduce the lead exposure.     

硝基芳香化合物的植物作用研究进展

硝基芳香化合物是环境中难以降解的污染物之一。因其用途广泛,大量残留于土壤,水体和大气中,造成的环境污染日趋严重。多种植物对该类污染物具有吸收、富集和代谢降解作用,利用植物对其环境污染进行治理是一种有效的方法。文章在总结国内外有关硝基芳香化合物的植物作用研究基础上,重点阐述了植物对硝基芳香化合物的吸收、转运和代谢过程,分析了吸收、代谢机理以及影响吸收的因素;硝基芳香化合物的理化特性、浓度和植物自身特性及其它外界条件都会影响植物对该类化合物的吸收,植物可以通过体内降解、体外联合代谢、根部释放酶催化的机制实现该类化合物的降解。目前,硝基芳香化合物进入植物细胞膜的机理认知不足,模拟模型缺乏有力数据验证;代谢机制中参与反应的酶、化合物等体系和反应产物环境特性仍不明确,植物修复可行性缺乏有力证据。未来将在模型预测构建、降解机理和修复工程的实际应用方面作进一步探究,以形成系统的认知,为硝基芳香化合物污染土壤和农产品的生态风险评价以及植物修复提供理论依据。     

Environmental education in comprehensive schools in Greece

The new institution of comprehensive high school, in Greece today, aims to relate the school with the natural, social, economical and cultural environment. In this frame of process, interrelation and dynamic contact of school with the holistic environment, the subject “Ecology and Environment”; of the 2nd class (16–17 years old), informs, sensitizes and activizes the anxious young generation. The textbook of the subject determines and analyzes the human impact and their consequences to the natural ecosystems. In the total content there are also numerous examples from the natural, man‐made and cultural environment of Greece.