气升式氧化沟污水处理效果的中试研究

在太湖流域某小城镇污水处理厂研究中试气升式氧化沟的污水处理效果,获取了出水主要指标稳定达标的工艺参数.结果表明,出水COD<50mg/L的最大容积负荷为0.88kg/(m3·d).NH4+–N污泥负荷不大于0.06kg /(kg·d)时,出水能达到排放标准要求的5 mg/L.直沟段DO降低到0.6~1.0mg/L后,进出水TN平均浓度分别为30.7,11.3mg/L,并能保证出水TN<15 mg/L稳定运行14d以上.进气量30m3/h时,直段底部最大流速为0.19m/s,中上部流速为0.03m/s,此时沟底没有出现污泥沉降,出水各项指标稳定达标.生产型气升式氧化沟的占地面积将比传统氧化沟至少减少25%.     

An innovative integrated system utilizing solar energy as power for the treatment of decentralized wastewater

This article reports an innovative integrated system utilizing solar energy as power for decentralized wastewater treatment, which consists of an oxidation ditch with double channels and a photovoltaic (PV) system without a storage battery. Because the system operates without a storage battery, which can reduce the cost of the PV system, the solar radiation intensity affects the amount of power output from the PV system. To ensure that the power output is sufficient in all different weather conditions, the solar radiation intensity of 78 W/m 2 with 95% confidence interval was defined as a threshold of power output for the PV system according to the monitoring results in this study, and a step power output mode was used to utilize the solar energy as well as possible. The oxidation ditch driven by the PV system without storage battery ran during the day and stopped at night. Therefore, anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic conditions could periodically appear in the oxidation ditch, which was favorable to nitrogen and phosphate removal from the wastewater. The experimental results showed that the system was efficient, achieving average removal efficiencies of 88% COD, 98% NH 4 + -N, 70% TN and 83% TP, under the loading rates of 140 mg COD/(g MLSS·day), 32 mg NH 4 + -N/(g MLSS·day), 44 mg TN/(g MLSS·day) and 5 mg TP/(g MLSS·day).     

水解酸化工艺预处理混合型城市污水

采用水解酸化-厌氧-改良Carrousel氧化沟组合的脱氮除磷工艺,进行混合型城市污水处理的试验研究。在不同的水力停留时间(HRT)下,分别试验测定了水解酸化池进出水的各项指标。结果表明:最佳水力停留时间(HRT)为3 h,进水ρ(COD)为150～1 200 mg/L、ρ(NH3-N)为12～40 mg/L、ρ(TN)为14～58 mg/L、ρ(TP)为1.7～4.2 mg/L,所对应的去除率COD为-29%～66%、NH3-N为-55%～33%、TN为-45%～69%、TP为-80%～66%。可见基于水解酸化工艺预处理可成功实现混合型城市污水中有机物的水解和酸化。     

Novel strategy of nitrogen removal from domestic wastewater using pilot Orbal oxidation ditch

A pilot-scale Orbed oxidation ditch was operated for 17 months to optimize nitrogen removal from domestic wastewater of average COD to total nitrogen ratio of 2.7, with particular concern about the roles of dissolved oxygen （DO）, mixed liquor suspended solids （MLSS） and return activated sludge （RAS） recycle ratio. Remarkable simultaneous nitrification and denitrification （SND） was observed and mean total nitrogen （TN） removal efficiency up to 72.1% was steadily achieved, at DO concentration in the out, middle and inner channel of 0.1, 0.4 and 0.7 mg/L, respectively, with an average M LSS of 5.5 g/L and RAS recycle ratio of 150%. Although the out channel took the major role in TN removal, the role of middle channel should never be ignored. The denitrification potential could be fully developed under low DO, high MLSS with adequate RAS ratio. The sludge settleability was amazingly improved under low DO operation mode, and some explanations were tried. In addition, a scries of simplified batch tests were done to determine whether novel microorganisms could make substantial contribution to the performance of nitrogen removal. The results indicated that the SND observed in this Orbal oxidation ditch was more likely a physical phenomenon.     

Nitrogen removal and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in a fluidized bed step-feed process

For urban wastewater treatment, we conducted a novel four-stage step-feed wastewater treatment system combined with a fluidized bed laboratory experiment to investigate chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH₄⁺-N, and total nitrogen (TN) removal performance. The removal rates of COD, NH₄⁺-N and TN were 88.2%, 95.7%, and 86.4% with effluent concentrations of COD, NH₄⁺-N and TN less than 50, 8, and 10 mg/L, respectively. Biomass and bacterial activities were also measured, with results showing more nitrobacteria in the activated sludge than in the biofilm; however, bacterial activity of the biofilm biomass and the activated sludge were similar. Nitrogen concentrations during the process were also detected, with simultaneous nitrification and denitrification found to be obvious.     

Anoxic phosphorus removal in a pilot scale anaerobic-anoxic oxidation ditch process

The anaerobic-anoxic oxidation ditch (A²/O OD) process is popularly used to eliminate nutrients from domestic wastewater. In order to identify the existence of denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria (DPB), evaluate the contribution of DPB to biological nutrient removal, and enhance the denitrifying phosphorus removal in the A²/O OD process, a pilot-scale A²/O OD plant (375 L) was conducted. At the same time batch tests using sequence batch reactors (12 L and 4 L) were operated to reveal the significance of anoxic phosphorus removal. The results indicated that: The average removal efficiency of COD, NH₄⁺, PO₄³⁻, and TN were 88.2%, 92.6%, 87.8%, and 73.1%, respectively, when the steady state of the pilotscale A²/O OD plant was reached during 31–73 d, demonstrating a good denitrifying phosphorus removal performance. Phosphorus uptake took place in the anoxic zone by poly-phosphorus accumulating organisms NO₂⁻ could be used as electron receptors in denitrifying phosphorus removal, and the phosphorus uptake rate with NO₂⁻ as the electron receptor was higher than that with NO₃⁻ when the initial concentration of either NO₂⁻ or NO₃⁻ was 40 mg/L.     

Nitrogen and phosphorus removal in an airlift intermittent circulation membrane bioreactor

A new airlift intermittent circulation integrated bioreactor was developed for simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal of wastewater, in which, circulation of mixed liquid between mixing zone and aeration zone was realized by aeration power, alternately anaerobic/anoxic bio-environment in mixing zone was realized by intermittent circulation and simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal was obtained through strengthened denitrifying phosphorus removal process. Removal performance of the reactor was investigated and pollutant removal and transfer mechanism in one operation circle was analyzed. The experiment results indicated that under the influent condition of chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration of 642.1 mg/L, total nitrogen (TN) of 87.4 mg/L and PO₄^3?-P of 12.1 mg/L, average removal efficiencies of COD, TN and PO₄^3?-P reached 96.4%, 83.2% and 90.5%, respectively, with the hydraulic residence time of 22 hr and operation circle time of 185 min. Track studies indicated that the separation of aeration and mixing zones and intermittent circulation of mixed liquid between the two zones provided distinct biological environments spatially and temporally, which ensured the occurrence of multifunctional microbial reactions.     

Performance of completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite process under different aeration modes and dissolved oxygen

In this study, three sequential batch biofilm reactors (SBBRs) were operated for 155 days to evaluate the performance of completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process under different aeration modes and dissolved oxygen (DO). Synthetic wastewater with 160-mg NH4 ⁺-N/L was fed into the reactors. In the continuously-aerated reactor, the efficiency of the ammonium nitrogen conversion and total nitrogen (TN) removal reached 80% and 70%, respectively, with DO between 0.8–1.0 mg/L. Whereas in the intermittently-aerated reactor, at the aeration/non-aeration ratio of 1.0, ammonium was always under the detection limit and 86% of TN was removed with DO between 2.0–2.5 mg/L during the aeration time. Results show that CANON could be achieved in both continuous and intermittent aeration pattern. However, to achieve the same nitrogen removal efficiency, the DO needed in the intermittently-aerated sequential batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) during the aeration period was higher than that in the continuously-aerated SBBR. In addition, the DO in the CANON system should be adjusted to the aeration mode, and low DO was not a prerequisite to CANON process.     

Nitrogen and phosphorus removal in an airlift intermittent circulation membrane bioreactor

A new airlift intermittent circulation integrated bioreactor was developed for simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal of wastewater, in which, circulation of mixed liquid between mixing zone and aeration zone was realized by aeration power, alternately anaerobic/anoxic bio-environment in mixing zone was realized by intermittent circulation and simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal was obtained through strengthened denitrifying phosphorus removal process. Removal performance of the reactor was investigated and pollutant removal and transfer mechanism in one operation circle was analyzed. The experiment results indicated that under the influent condition of chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration of 642.1 mg/L, total nitrogen (TN) of 87.4 mg/L and PO₄^3--P of 12.1 mg/L, average removal efficiencies of COD, TN and PO₄^3--P reached 96.4%, 83.2% and 90.5%, respectively, with the hydraulic residence time of 22 hr and operation circle time of 185 min. Track studies indicated that the separation of aeration and mixing zones and intermittent circulation of mixed liquid between the two zones provided distinct biological environments spatially and temporally, which ensured the occurrence of multifunctional microbial reactions.     

添加原水改善SBR工艺处理猪场废水厌氧消化液性能

采用序批式反应器(SBR)工艺直接处理猪场废水厌氧消化液,处理系统的效率较低,COD去除率仅有10%左右,NH₄⁺-N去除率70%左右;处理出水水质较差,出水COD高于1 000mg/L,出水NH₄⁺-N在200mg/L左右;处理系统的工作不稳定,效能逐渐恶化.在猪场废水厌氧消化液中添加部分未经厌氧消化的猪场废水(原水),处理系统的处理效率明显提高,COD去除率高于80%,出水COD降到250～350mg/L;NH₄⁺-N去除率高于99%,出水NH₄⁺-N小于10mg/L;处理系统的稳定性也得到增强.添加原水后,猪场废水厌氧消化液的BOD₅/COD比值从0.19上升到0.54,BOD₅/TN比值从0.28上升到2.04,增加了微生物生长和反硝化所需的碳源,强化了反硝化作用,不仅提高了总氮去除效率,而且通过回补碱度,维持了处理系统的pH值稳定.     

A novel integrated step-feed biofilm process for the treatment of decentralized domestic wastewater in rural areas of China

For wastewater treatment in rural areas, a novel three-stage step-feed wastewater treatment system, combined with a drop-aeration biofilm process, was tested in the laboratory to investigate its performance in removing suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH4+-N, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP). The removal rates of SS, COD and NH4+-N were 90%, 80%, and 90% in efluent concentrations less than 10 mg/L, 50 mg/L and 8 mg/L, respectively. The TP removal rate was less satisfactory....     

厌氧-Carrousel氧化沟处理亚麻沤制废水的试验研究

亚麻沤制废水是一种高浓度有机废水,经厌氧处理后,出水仍不达标.采用厌氧-Carrousel氧化沟进行后续处理试验,并引进了ACF32微生物制剂进行污泥培养,出水CODCr值在200 mg/L左右,TN值维持在22 mg/L左右,TP值维持在3 mg/L以下,最后讨论了试验中影响处理效果的主要因素.     

微气泡曝气生物膜反应器同步硝化反硝化研究

同步硝化反硝化(SND)是废水处理中的新型生物脱氮工艺,和传统生物脱氮工艺相比具有显著的应用优势.本研究采用微气泡曝气固定床生物膜反应器,研究了SND过程中污染物去除效果并检测了生物膜功能菌群的变化情况.结果表明,在微气泡曝气固定床生物膜反应器内可以实现同步硝化反硝化,通过提高进水COD负荷和C∶N比,降低溶解氧(DO)浓度,同时增加填料床层孔隙率,可以改善SND效果.当进水COD负荷和总氮(TN)负荷为0.86 kg·(m3·d)-1和0.10 kg·(m3·d)-1,且填料床层孔隙率为81%时,COD和TN的去除率分别为97.6%和70.2%,实现了COD和TN的同步高效去除;同时,微气泡曝气对氧传质的强化作用使得氧利用率高达91.8%.此外,生物膜活性和硝化及反硝化功能菌群的变化,与反应器COD、氨氮和TN去除能力的变化基本一致.     

Denitrification of coking wastewater with micro-electrolysis

The denitrification for the coking wastewater was conducted by means of original battery principle with Fe-C micro-electrolysis. Fe-C serves as positive and negative electrodes, by which N0₂^?-N and TN were reduced to nitrogen, and then the purpose of denitrifieation for coking wastewater was realized. The influences of pH value, carbon particle size, Fe/C ratio (mass ratio), reaction time and coagulation pH value on removal rate of N0₂^?-N and TN were investigated. Coking wastewater originated from Jiamusi Coal Chemistry Engineering Company. The optimum conditions of treatment were as follows: the initial pH was 3.0, the dosage of Fe 73.5 g/L, reaction time 70 min, mass ratio of Fe/C ratio 1.0:1.3, coagulation pH 9.0 and sedimentation time 40 min. Under those conditions, nitrogen removal efficiencies of N0₂^?-N and TN were beyond 50% and 45%, respectively.     

氧化沟水力特性对处理效果和能耗的影响

氧化沟水力特性对沟内溶解氧浓度和混合液流速梯度分布影响很大,可对最终的处理效果和能耗产生重要的影响.以处理能力500 m³/d的单沟型Passver氧化沟为例,对沟内的流场分布进行了计算模拟与实测,提出了改善氧化沟水力特性的措施,并分析了改善措施对运行能耗的影响,结果表明,在曝气转刷下游的弯道处分别设置张角90°,150°,180°的导流墙均可降低局部阻力,且随着张角的增大,效果越为显著,当张角为180°时,可降低局部能耗10%左右;在转刷转速72 r/min的条件下,增设张角180°的导流墙不会对溶解氧的分布产生较大影响.根据氧化沟处理低浓度生活污水的实际运行结果,采用活性污泥模拟软件对水力特性改善前后的处理效果进行了模拟计算,结果表明,设置导流墙前后出水水质变化不大.     

EGSB-MBR组合工艺处理糖蜜发酵废水效能研究

实验采用厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)反应器与好氧膜生物反应器(MBR)组合工艺对糖蜜发酵废水进行处理.重点考察了组合工艺对发酵废水的处理效能,包括甲烷的产生效率、污染物(COD、NH4+-N和TN)的去除效能.实验结果表明:控温条件下[(35±1)℃]、进水COD约为2250mg/L、pH在为6.0左右时,EGSB对发酵废水的COD去除率可达75.6%,甲烷的容积产气速率为0.48m3/(m3·d).MBR在溶解氧(DO)为1~2mg/L左右时,采用曝气-搅拌交替运行方式处理EGSB出水,可以实现同步硝化反硝化,并且在曝气3h-搅拌1h交替运行条件下,NH4+-N、TN去除率分别为85.13%、58.57%,而最终COD去除率达到85%.     

混合填料生物接触氧化法处理生活污水的研究

采用混合型(火山岩和陶瓷环)填料生物接触氧化工艺处理实际生活污水,研究了混合型填料挂膜情况,不同HRT、DO和进水COD浓度对水质净化效果的影响。实验结果表明:混合型填料挂膜效果好,15 d后反应器达到稳定状态,对COD的去除率达到75%以上;在水温为20~32℃,HRT为12 h,DO为5~6 mg/L的条件下,对COD、氨氮、TN和TP的平均去除率分别达到了75.8%、71.8%、45.9%和35.7%;当进水COD浓度为100~400 mg/L时,各个指标的去除率随着COD浓度的升高而升高,可见进水COD浓度会对污水净化效果产生影响。     

改进Orbal氧化沟工艺污水处理厂脱氮效果研究

Orbal氧化沟工艺在我国得到了广泛的应用,但在运行过程中也存在着脱氮效果低等问题.通过对Orbal氧化沟运行数据的监测分析和模拟发现,其脱氮效果差的主要原因是由于过度充氧导致氧化沟内溶解氧过高,抑制了系统内反硝化反应顺利进行造成的.通过减少曝气转碟的数量,有效的降低了系统内溶解氧浓度,沟内平均溶解氧浓度从改进前的0.51mg/L降低到改进后的0.20mg/L,提高了系统的脱氮效果.改进后脱氮效率比改造前同期脱氮效率有了显著提高,总氮去除率达到了70%,比去年同期提高了30%.     

贵州某规模化养猪场废水中抗生素的污染特征及去除效果

为了解贵州某规模化养猪场废水处理过程中抗生素的污染特征及废水处理工艺对抗生素的去除效果,使用固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱仪(SPE-LC-MS)技术,对2家规模化养猪场(猪场A和猪场B)废水处理工艺各处理单元进出水中10种兽用抗生素的去除进行调查研究.结果表明, 2家规模化养猪场废水处理工艺对常规污染物(COD、NH~+_4-N、TN和TP)的去除率在88.10%以上. 2家养猪场废水处理工艺各处理单元进出水中均有多种抗生素检出,检出浓度范围在ND～120 842.74 ng·L~(-1)之间.其中,主要的污染单体为磺胺间甲氧嘧啶(SMM)、磺胺对甲氧嘧啶(SMD)、土霉素(OTC)和氧氟沙星(OFL),最高单体污染浓度达120 842.74 ng·L~(-1)(SMM).调查的10种抗生素在处理工艺中的去除效果较好,总去除率为99.23%～100.00%,在猪场A的废水处理工艺中,"USR+2级A/O+消毒池+氧化塘"组合工段能有效去除废水中残留的抗生素,其中对SMM、SMD和OTC的总去除率达100.00%;在猪场B的废水处理工艺中,"超滤(UF)+纳滤(NF)"组合工段能有效去除废水中的抗生素,最终废水中99.23%以上的抗生素被去除.但最终出水中大部分抗生素的浓度高于欧盟水环境抗生素阈值(10 ng·L~(-1)).通过冗余分析发现废水中常规指标(COD、NH~+_4-N、TN、TP和pH)与部分抗生素的降解具有相关性.     

酚水及煤气化废水的湿式氧化处理

在二升高压釜中研究了酚水(3540mg酚/L、9278mgCOD/L)和煤气化废水(7866mg酚/L、22928mgCOD/L)的湿式氧化处理,反应温度控制在180—250℃,氧分压为9.8×10~5—34.3×10~5Pa。煤气化废水在温度为190—250℃、氧分压为9.8×10~5Pa,反应90min酚去除60—90％及COD降低35—55％。 酚水和煤气化废水的表观动力学研究表现出快速及慢速反应段,反应速率与COD值呈一次方关系,当温度一定时,反应速率与氧分压为0.25级关系,影响程度明显低于温度。