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简述了国内大部分焦化厂目前采用的焦化废水处理组合工艺存在的问题,介绍了高浓度(未稀释)焦化废水处理的技术原理及工艺特点,结合工程应用实例,指出高浓度焦化废水处理及再生回用技术具有广阔的推广应用前景。 相似文献
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焦化废水处理技术研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
焦化废水主要来自炼焦和煤气净化过程产生的废水,含有难降解的有机化合物。目前,焦化废水一般按常规方法先进行预处理,然后进行生物脱酚二次处理。近年来,国内外学者开展了大量的研究工作,找到了许多比较有效的焦化废水治理技术,主要有生物处理法、化学处理法、物理化学处理法和废水循环利用。 相似文献
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目前锌冶炼重金属废水处理最常用的方法是化学沉淀法(石灰或硫化中和),它能快速去除废水中的金属离子,但净化水硬度高而无法实现大规模回用,制约了对废水的综合利用.重金属废水生物制剂法深度处理与回用技术可同时实现对镉、砷、铅、锌、汞、铜等重金属离子的高效去除,同时生物制剂兼有高效絮凝、协同脱钙作用,处理后的低钙净化水可以实现大规模回用.文章通过对重金属废水生物制剂深度处理与回用技术在西部矿业股份有限公司锌业分公司锌冶炼废水深度治理工程的运用进行分析,阐述了重金属废水生物制剂法深度处理与回用技术的技术特点、处理效果. 相似文献
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底泥的氮、磷释放及其微生物影响的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
氮和磷在自然界的循环已经引起了人们的关注,一方面因为氮和磷是生态系统中必不可少的营养元素,另一方面过剩的氮和磷会导致水域的富营养化 ,从而使生态平衡遭受破坏.本文综述了水体沉积物中氮和磷受微生物作用进行释放的影响,以及国内外的研究历史和现状.总结了氮磷微生物代谢的特点,并阐述了与传统认识相区别的最新发现和思想.本文试图从理论上说明微生物的氮磷释放机理,通过生物化学和分子动力的角度解释了细菌对氮磷的吸收和释放,即质子动势理论和Pho调控理论.目前,这一领域研究的热点是为了特殊的使用用途对于高效微生物的分离鉴别和组合培养,和对氮磷代谢的影响因素. 相似文献
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Chandrasekharan H Sarangi A Nagarajan M Singh VP Rao DU Stalin P Natarajan K Chandrasekaran B Anbazhagan S 《Journal of environmental management》2008,89(1):63-72
In this study, the Tsunami-caused deterioration of soil and groundwater quality in the agricultural fields of coastal Nagapattinam district of Tamilnadu state in India is presented by analyzing their salinity and sodicity parameters. To accomplish this, three sets of soil samples up to a depth of 30cm from the land surface were collected for the first six months of the year 2005 from 28 locations and the ground water samples were monitored from seven existing dug wells and hand pumps covering the study region at intervals of 3 months. The EC and pH values of both the soil and ground water samples were estimated and the spatial and temporal variability mappings of these parameters were performed using the geostatistical analysis module of ArcGIS((R)). It was observed that the spherical semivariogram fitted well with the data set of both EC and pH and the generated kriged maps explained the spatial and temporal variability under different ranges of EC and pH values. Further, the recorded EC and pH data of soil and ground water during pre-Tsunami periods were compared with the collected data and generated variability soil maps of EC and pH of the post-Tsunami period. It was revealed from this analysis that the soil quality six months after the Tsunami was nearing the pre-Tsunami scenario (EC< 1.5dSm(-1); pH<8), whereas the quality of ground water remained highly saline and unfit for irrigation and drinking. These observations were compared with the ground scenarios of the study region and possible causes for such changes and the remedial measures for taking up regular agricultural practices are also discussed. 相似文献
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Scott MJ Brandt CA Bunn AL Engel DW Eslinger PW Miley TB Napier BA Prendergast EL Nieves LA 《Environmental management》2005,35(1):84-98
The Groundwater Protection Project at the US Department of Energy Hanford Site in Washington State is currently developing the means to assess the cumulative impact to human and ecological health and the regional economy and cultures from radioactive and chemical waste that will remain at the Hanford Site after the site closes. This integrated system is known as the System Assessment Capability (SAC). The SAC Risk/Impact Module discussed in the article uses media- and time-specific concentrations of contaminants estimated by the transport models of the integrated system to project potential impacts on the ecology of the Columbia River corridor, the health of persons who might live in or use the corridor or the upland Hanford environment, the local economy, and cultural resources. Preliminary Monte Carlo realizations from the SAC modeling system demonstrate the feasibility of large-scale uncertainty analysis of the complex relationships in the environmental transport of contaminants on the one hand and ecological, human, cultural, and economic risk on the other. Initial impact results show very small long-term risks for the 10 radionuclides and chemicals evaluated. The analysis also helps determine science priorities to reduce uncertainty and suggests what actions matter to reduce risks. 相似文献
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BioScene (scenarios for reconciling biodiversity conservation with declining agriculture use in mountain areas in Europe)
was a three-year project (2002–2005) funded by the European Union’s Fifth Framework Programme, and aimed to investigate the
implications of agricultural restructuring and decline for biodiversity conservation in the mountain areas of Europe.
The research took a case study approach to the analysis of the biodiversity processes and outcomes of different scenarios
of agri-environmental change in six countries (France, Greece, Norway, Slovakia, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom) covering
the major biogeographical regions of Europe. The project was coordinated by Imperial College London, and each study area had
a multidisciplinary team including ecologists and social and economic experts, which sought a comprehensive understanding
of the drivers for change and their implications for sustainability.
A key component was the sustainability assessment (SA) of the alternative scenarios. This article discusses the development
and application of the SA methodology developed for BioScene. While the methodology was objectives-led, it was also strongly
grounded in baseline ecological and socio-economic data. This article also describes the engagement of stakeholder panels
in each study area and the use of causal chain analysis for understanding the likely implications for land use and biodiversity
of strategic drivers of change under alternative scenarios for agriculture and rural policy and for biodiversity management.
Finally, this article draws conclusions for the application of SA more widely, its use with scenarios, and the benefits of
stakeholder engagement in the SA process. 相似文献
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Darryl Macer 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》1997,10(3):249-267
The interactions between humans, animals and the environment have shaped human values and ethics, not only the genes that
we are made of. The animal rights movement challenges human beings to reconsider interactions between humans and other animals,
and maybe connected to the environmental movement that begs us to recognize the fact that there are symbiotic relationships
between humans and all other organisms. The first part of this paper looks at types of bioethics, the implications of autonomy
and the value of being alive. Then the level of consciousness of these relationships are explored in survey results from Asia
and the Pacific, especially in the 1993 International Bioethics Survey conducted in Australia, Hong Kong, India, Israel, Japan,
New Zealand, The Philippines, Russia, Singapore and Thailand. Very few mentioned animal consciousness in the survey, but there
were more biocentric comments in Australia and Japan; and more comments with the idea of harmony including humans in Thailand.
Comparisons between questions and surveys will also be made, in an attempt to describe what people imagine animal consciousness
to be, and whether this relates to human ethics of the relationships.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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The paper provides a review of available information on the impact of recreation and tourism on environments, particularly on vegetation and soil, in Australia, with an emphasis on forests. Efforts have been made to compare the current research and development situation in Australia with some overseas countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom. While many documents reveal that Australia has been experiencing an increasingly high level of recreation and tourism use in its environments, only limited studies of environmental impacts of recreation and tourism have been published. Compared with other developed countries, particularly the United Kingdom and the United States, Australia lags behind in undertaking research in this area. The results of these limited studies and some observations indicate that the most common recreational and tourist activities (such as bush walking, camping, horse-riding) can, if not well managed, adversely affect the values of Australian natural and semi-natural resources. Overall, they can affect the vegetation and other recreational sites physically and biologically. Physical effects include track formation, soil loss and/or compaction and an increase in fire frequency. Littering and water pollution are also seen as impacts associated with bush walking and camping. Biological effects include causing damage to vegetation, increasing risk of myrtle wilt disease and the spread of the soil pathogen,Phytophthora cinnamomi, as well as assisting weed dispersal. Based on the information reviewed, the authors suggest the following areas as priorities for future research into the environmental impact of recreation and tourism in Australia: determine the type of natural features that attract recreation use; determine the quantitative relationship between the impact and the level of recreation and tourism use for different activities within major vegetation habitats; ascertain site carrying capacity or environment thresholds for major vegetation habitats and recreation activities; and determine the impacts of recreation and tourism for major regions and major vegetation habitats where there have been considerable nature-based recreation and tourism activities.1998 Academic Press 相似文献
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TaWei Soong William H. Ettinger 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2000,36(1):105-121
ABSTRACT: Effects of the 1993 flood on river water and sediment quality were investigated using historical data and data collected from the Illinois River and Upper Mississippi River in a post‐flood period. Overall the post‐flood results showed systematic reductions and individual changes in the water and sediment constituents. The reductions in sediment metals and nutrients were most obvious at the Keokuk and Lock and Dam 26 stations. By analyzing and comparing the physical changes to the changes in water and sediment constituents at each station, it was found that physical processes such as sediment entrainment and, more importantly, the removal of fine sediment to be the main causes for the reduced concentrations in sediment constituents. On the other hand, sediment redistribution and associated secondary contamination could have caused the emergence of several water and sediment constituents that were undetected before the flood. 相似文献
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We have compiled a database of floods and landslides that occurred in Italy between AD 1279 and 2002 and caused deaths, missing persons, injuries, and homelessness. Analysis of the database indicates that more than 50,593 people died, went missing, or were injured in 2580 flood and landslide events. Harmful events were inventoried in 26.3% of the 8103 Italian municipalities. Fatal events were most frequent in the Alpine regions of northern Italy and were caused by both floods and landslides. In southern Italy, landslides were the principal agents of fatalities and were most numerous in the Campania region. Casualties were most frequent in the autumn. Fast-moving landslides, including rock falls, rockslides, rock avalanches, and debris flows, caused the largest number of deaths. In order to assess the overall risk posed by these processes, we merged the historical catalogs and identified 2682 “hydrogeomorphological” events that triggered single or multiple landslides and floods. We estimated individual risk through the calculation of mortality rates for both floods and landslides and compared these rates to the death rates for other natural, medical, and human-induced hazards in Italy. We used the frequency distribution of events with fatalities to ascertain the magnitude and frequency of the societal risks posed by floods and landslides. We quantified these risks in a Bayesian model that describes the probabilities of fatal flood and landslide events in Italy. 相似文献
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党政办公室在高校的发展与建设中承担着组织、协调、服务、督办等重要的职能与作用.面对新形势、新任务、新要求,党政办公室要跟上时代的步伐,就必须不断开拓进取,建立一种新的、现代的、更加先进的工作理念、工作方式、工作机制,充分调动工作人员的创造性和积极性,提高高校党政办公室工作的效率,建设一流部门,争创一流业绩. 相似文献
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/ In 1991 and 1992, temperature, salinity, and fluorescence were measured by automatic continuous registration using instrumentation on a ferry crossing the southern North Sea daily along a transect between Zeebrugge, Belgium, and Hull, United Kingdom. The temperature ranged between 4 and 21 degrees C off the Belgian coast and between 6 and 17 degrees C in the middle of the transect. Salinity varied between 34 and 35.5 PSU in the offshore part of the transect, but showed much larger variation along the Belgian and UK estuarine coasts. Fluorescence, which was used as a measure of phytoplankton biomass, was highest at the continental coast and lowest near the English coast. Spring blooms of phytoplankton were found along the continental coast and in the channel-influenced water; in 1991 the blooms were denser than in 1992. Some summer blooms were also recorded. Water masses could be distinguished on the basis of salinity and fluorescence patterns. The general patterns in the data are compared with the literature and discussed in relation to river discharge, light penetration, and wind speed and direction. Finally, the value of automatic and frequent measurements of fluorescence for monitoring phytoplankton is compared with less frequent observations at selected stations. It is concluded that accurate information about phytoplankton biomass can only be established from the high-frequency data. KEY WORDS: Monitoring; Sampling; North Sea; Ferry; Fluorescence; Salinity; Temperature 相似文献