零价铁基材料除锑性能及影响因素研究进展

综述了零价铁（ZVI）基复合材料除锑（Sb）的相关研究进展。介绍了ZVI基材料与Sb的反应机理，主要包括吸附、氧化还原和络合等；总结了ZVI的各种修饰和改性方法，包括表面改性、固体负载改性和外加弱磁场；分析了ZVI及其改性材料对不同形态Sb的去除效果和影响因素；并展望了ZVI在去除Sb研究方面的发展方向。     

微生物—微米零价铁工艺的脱氮效果及机理

采用微生物-微米零价铁（m ZVI）工艺脱除水中氮。与单独微生物或m ZVI工艺相比,微生物-m ZVI工艺的脱氮效果最好。在废水p H为7.0、初始硝酸盐氮质量浓度为25.00 mg/L、mZVI投加量为0.20 g/L的条件下,加入驯化好的复合微生物BP350菌液50 mL/L室温下反应5 d,硝酸盐氮去除率达100%,氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的总生成率为5.00%。ESEM表征结果显示,m ZVI在水中为微生物生长提供了附着基质,增大了微生物与废水的接触面积,有效防止了微生物流失。高通量测序结果表明,甲基娇养杆菌属（Methylotenera sp.）作为脱氮优势菌属在微生物-m ZVI工艺体系中相对丰度最高,达41.81%,远高于单独微生物工艺体系。m ZVI能够协同微生物提升脱氮效果。     

零价铁/炭纤维预处理制药废水

以炭纤维为载体,采用电沉积法制备零价铁/炭纤维,考察了零价铁/炭纤维对制药废水COD的去除效果。SEM表征结果显示,炭纤维表面光滑,炭纤维上负载的零价铁呈现大小不一的球状。实验结果表明:在初始废水p H为5、铁碳质量比为2∶1、固液比(固体质量以铁计)为90 g/L、曝气量为80 L/h的条件下,采用零价铁/炭纤维体系处理COD=10 082.63 mg/L、色度为135倍、p H=7.3、SS=250 mg/L、Na Cl质量分数为3.5%的制药废水,COD去除率可达72.79%,出水COD为2 743.48 mg/L,减轻了后续生化处理工艺的进水负荷;零价铁/炭纤维降解制药废水中COD的过程符合三级反应动力学方程。     

零价铁活化过硫酸钠深度处理电镀添加剂生产废水

采用零价铁(ZVI)活化过硫酸钠(PS)产生·SO_4~-,以·SO_4~-为氧化剂深度处理电镀添加剂生产废水。考察了废水p H、n(ZVI)∶n(PS)、c(S_2O_8~(2-))和反应温度对废水COD去除率的影响。实验得出废水处理的最佳工艺条件:废水p H为5.0,n(ZVI)∶n(PS)=1.00,c(S_2O_8~(2-))=15 mmol/L,反应温度为50℃。在此最佳工艺条件下反应60 min,COD去除率达到76.8%,出水COD约为42 mg/L,满足GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》的一级标准要求。     

零价铁、镍-铁和铜-铁双金属对四氯乙烯的脱氯性能研究

研究了零价铁、镍-铁和铜-铁双金属对四氯乙烯（PCE）的还原性脱氯性能。实验结果表明,零价铁、镍-铁和铜-铁双金属对PCE的脱氯反应符合准一级反应动力学方程;双金属对P（=E的脱氯反应速率高于零价铁,镍-铁双金属对PCE的脱氯反应速率常数是零价铁的2．486倍;镍-铁和铜-铁双金属可使PCE完全脱氯,零价铁在对PCE脱氯的过程中产生一定量的三氯乙烯;增加金属质量,可提高PCE的脱氯反应速率;金属颗粒越小,越有利于PCE脱氯反应。     

零价铁-Fenton试剂体系降解有机污染物的研究进展

零价铁-Fenton试剂体系在对许多有机污染物有着较好的处理效果的同时,有效地克服了单独零价铁还原与传统Fenton反应的缺点.本文分析了零价铁-Fenton试剂体系的作用机理,总结了零价铁-Fenton试剂体系在处理有机污染物中的新进展,介绍了零价铁-Fenton试剂体系与其他技术联用降解有机污染物的研究成果.并讨论了对该反应有较大影响的几种因素.针对目前的研究中出现的一些问题,结合实际的需要,提出了今后需关注的研究方向.     

十溴联苯醚环境修复技术的研究进展

介绍了溴代阻燃剂十溴联苯醚（BDE-209）环境修复技术的研究进展。从光降解、零价铁降解、生物降解3个方面对BDE-209的降解机理和降解后的产物进行了介绍。BDE-209经光照、厌氧微生物、零价铁的脱溴作用后,降解成低溴代联苯醚产物;好氧微生物利用低溴代联苯醚作为生长碳源,将其在酶的作用下开环降解,进入三羧酸循环或彻底分解成CO₂和H₂O。提出应采用多种方法协同作用,更有效地降解多溴联苯醚化合物。     

一种利用零价铁-超声波协同作用对焦化废水脱色的方法

该发明涉及一种利用零价铁-超声波协同作用对焦化废水进行脱色的方法。具体为将废水和零价铁屑／粉加入到反应器中,调节废水pH至1～6,而后在功率为150～200W的超声波作用下搅拌反应30～60min,实现废水脱色和COD的去除。零价铁的加入量为2～500g／L,反应温度为10～80℃。采用该发明可将焦化废水的色度由初始的1500倍降至140倍,色度去除率达90％以上;     

纳米零价铁/玉米淀粉的制备及其对Pb2+的吸附

以玉米淀粉为载体,采用液相还原法制备纳米零价铁/玉米淀粉,并用于溶液中Pb2+的去除。采用SEM技术对吸附材料进行了表征。考察了溶液pH、纳米零价铁/玉米淀粉加入量、初始Pb2+质量浓度、反应时间等因素对Pb2+吸附效果的影响。表征结果显示,纳米零价铁/玉米淀粉球体间主要呈链状连接,不仅保持了纳米零价铁的特性,且颗粒的团聚现象明显减少。实验结果表明,在溶液pH 7.0、纳米零价铁/玉米淀粉加入量0.8 g/L、初始Pb2+质量浓度50 mg/L、反应时间60 min的条件下,纳米零价铁/玉米淀粉对Pb2+具有较好的吸附效果,Pb2+去除率为93.17%、吸附量为47.27 mg/g。     

氧化石墨烯-零价铁-聚乙二醇-海藻酸钠凝胶球活化过硫酸钠降解水中的偏二甲肼

以海藻酸钠(SA)、聚乙二醇(PEG)、氧化石墨烯(GO)和零价铁(ZVI)为原料制备了氧化石墨烯-零价铁-聚乙二醇-海藻酸钠凝胶球(GZPS),用于活化过硫酸盐(PDS)降解水中的偏二甲肼(UDMH)。对GZPS进行了表征,并优化了GZPS的制备工艺。实验结果表明:对UDMH去除率影响因素的主次顺序为:w(PEG) w(SA)w(GO)w(ZVI);GZPS的最佳制备工艺为SA、PEG、GO、ZVI的质量分数分别为5%,3%,0.3%,2%;在UDMH质量浓度为100mg/L、PDS加入量为4mmol/L、GZPS加入量为60g/L、反应温度为35℃、反应时间为80 min的条件下,UDMH的去除率达85%以上。GZPS活化PDS降解UDMH的反应符合准一级动力学,Fe溶出量仅为Fe-GO-PDS体系的12.7%,重复使用4次后对UDMH的去除率仍在65%以上。     

零价铁-克雷伯氏菌联合体系对亚甲基蓝溶液的脱色性能

以零价铁(ZVI)和一株高效脱色菌克雷伯氏菌yl-1作为联合体系,研究其对亚甲基蓝溶液的脱色性能,并采用单因素实验及中心组合设计-响应面分析法(CCD-RSM法)对该过程的脱色条件进行优化。实验结果表明:相比于单独ZVI体系和单独yl-1脱色菌体系,ZVI-脱色菌联合体系的脱色率分别提高了40%和10%;在初始pH为8、初始亚甲基蓝质量浓度为250 mg/L、ZVI投加量为4.0 g/L、反应温度为33℃的最优条件下,ZVI-脱色菌联合体系对亚甲基蓝脱色反应液的脱色率为91.33%。     

铁屑法处理活性艳红废水动力学模型

研究了铁屑法处理性艳红染料（Ｋ－２ＢＰ）废水的脱色过程和铁屑溶解过程动力学模型。脱色反应为一级反应，铁屑溶解符合零级反应。了固－液比，温度、ＰＨ、铁屑粒径、活化时间等诸因素对反庆速度常数的影响。     

催化铁内电解-生物处理耦合技术的机理及研究进展

催化铁内电解技术(简称催化铁技术)是同济大学城市污染控制国家工程研究中心自主研发的新型废水处理方法。介绍了催化铁-生物处理耦合技术的机理,总结了近年来该技术的研究进展,并在此基础上指出了该技术目前存在的问题及发展方向。对于催化铁-生物处理耦合技术而言,考察在实际应用中的影响因素、完善催化铁的后续处理、深入分析反应机理及可控路径、探索与不同处理工艺的兼容性、提高长期运行的稳定性等是今后需重点关注的研究内容。     

氧化石墨烯负载纳米零价铁的制备及其对亚甲基蓝的吸附

采用液相还原法制备氧化石墨烯负载纳米零价铁吸附剂(Fe0/GO),并用于吸附去除溶液中的亚甲基蓝(MB)。考察了溶液p H、吸附温度、吸附时间、初始MB质量浓度对Fe0/GO吸附MB的影响。SEM等表征结果显示:Fe0以球形或短链形负载在GO上,增加了材料的反应活性位点;Fe0/GO的比表面积为158.32 m2/g,等电点为3。实验结果表明:在溶液p H为6、吸附时间5 h、吸附温度25℃的最佳条件下,加入400 mg/L的Fe0/GO,处理初始MB质量浓度为160 mg/L的MB溶液,MB去除率为89.26%,吸附量为125.5 mg/g;Langmuir等温吸附方程和Frenudlich等温吸附方程均能较好地描述Fe0/GO对MB的吸附过程;Fe0/GO对MB的吸附行为遵循准二级动力学方程;计算得出吸附温度为25℃、初始MB质量浓度为160 mg/L时的饱和吸附量为201.2 mg/g,平衡吸附量为124.3 mg/g。     

An evaluation of permeable reactive barrier projects in California

Permeable reactive barriers made of zero‐valent iron (ZVI PRBs) have become a prominent remediation technology in addressing groundwater contamination by chlorinated solvents. Many ZVI PRBs have been installed across the United States, some as research projects, some at the pilot scale, and many at full scale. As a passive and in situ remediation technology, ZVI PRBs have many attractive features and advantages over other approaches to groundwater remediation. Ten ZVI PRBs installed in California were evaluated for their performance. Of those ten, three are discussed in greater detail to illustrate the complexities that arise when quantifying the performance of ZVI PRBs, and to provide comment on the national debate concerning the downgradient effects of source‐zone removal or treatment on plumes of contaminated groundwater. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

非均相Fenton催化氧化工艺深度处理聚甲醛废水

以聚甲醛废水经传统生化工艺处理后的一级好氧出水、二级好氧出水和二沉池出水为研究对象,混凝后采用非均相Fenton催化氧化工艺对其进行深度处理,并与铁碳微电解—均相Fenton氧化组合工艺和传统Fenton氧化工艺对比,考察了3种工艺的COD去除效果、铁泥产量和运行成本.实验结果表明:非均相Fenton催化氧化工艺具有更...     

Chemical and Biological Reduction of PCE by Pneumatic Fracturing and Injection of ZVI in Saprolite

This article presents a case study of the source‐area treatment of tetrachloroethene (PCE) in a low‐permeability formation using zero‐valent iron (ZVI). Evidence of the stimulation of biological reduction processes within the treatment zone occurred. Pneumatic fracturing and injection of microscale ZVI slurry in the overburden and weathered bedrock zones was performed at a commercial brownfields redevelopment site in Maryland. A 20,000‐square‐foot source area impacted with PCE at concentrations greater than 15,000 µg/L was treated at depths ranging from 10 to 70 feet bgs. An average ZVI dosage of 0.0024 iron‐to‐soil mass ratio within the overburden zone led to a 75 percent decrease in PCE mass in less than one year. For the weathered bedrock zone, an average 0.0045 iron‐to‐soil mass ratio resulted in a 92 percent decrease in PCE mass during the same period. The reducing environment and hydrogen generated by the ZVI may have stimulated Dehalobacter populations, as evidenced by concentrations up to 10⁴ cells per milliliter measured within the treatment area despite a groundwater pH as high as 9. The biological reductive dechlorination of the chlorinated ethenes explains the temporary increase in trichloroethene and cis‐1,2‐dichloroethene concentrations. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Utilization of nanoscale zero‐valent iron for source remediation—A case study

A pilot‐scale study was performed using a palladium‐catalyzed and polymer‐coated nanoscale zero‐valent iron (ZVI) particle suspension at the Naval Air Station in Jacksonville, Florida. A total of 300 pounds of nanoscale ZVI particle suspension was injected via a gravity feed and recirculated through a source area containing chlorinated volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The recirculation created favorable mixing and distribution of the iron suspension and enhanced the mass transfer of sorbed and nonaqueous constituents into the aqueous phase, where the contaminants could be reduced. Between 65 and 99 percent aqueous‐phase VOC concentration reduction occurred, due to abiotic degradation, within five weeks of the injection. The rapid abiotic degradation processes then yielded to slower biological degradation as subsequent decreases in ‐elimination parameters were observed—yet favorable redox conditions were maintained as a result of the ZVI treatment. Post‐treatment analyses revealed cumulative reduction of soil contaminant concentrations between 8 and 92 percent. Aqueous‐phase VOC concentrations in wells side gradient and downgradient of the source were reduced up to 99 percent and were near or below applicable regulatory criteria. These reductions, coupled with the generation of innocuous by‐products, indicate that nanoscale ZVI effectively degraded contamination and reduced the mass flux from the source, a critical metric identified for source treatment. A summary of this project was recently presented at the US EPA Workshop on Nanotechnology for Site Remediation in Washington, D.C., on October 21–22, 2005. This case study supplied evidence that nanoscale zero valent iron, an emerging remediation technology, has been implemented successfully in the field. More information about this workshop and this presentation can be found at www.frtr.gov/nano/index.htm. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.