共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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超声波技术降解水中氯代有机物的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍了超声波技术的基本原理,概述了超声波和各种超声联用(超声波与紫外光、过氧化氢、臭氧、Fenton试剂等联用)技术降解氯代有机物的效果和影响因素,总结了氯代有机物降解机理与动力学的研究进展,并在此基础上提出了今后超声波及其联用技术降解水中氯代有机物的研究方向。 相似文献
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采用非电沉积法制备了钯负载泡沫镍电极,运用SEM技术对其进行了表征,并以其阴极、铂丝为阳极进行了电化学还原三氯乙酸的研究,考察了工艺条件对三氯乙酸降解效果的影响,并对反应动力学和反应机理和进行了探讨。结果表明:钯负载泡沫镍电极具有较高的比表面积和良好的储氢性能;以20 mmol/L硫酸钠为电解质,在电解温度为20℃、钯负载量为4.5 mg/cm~2的条件下恒流(10 mA)电解240 min,三氯乙酸降解率达99.76%,氯原子脱除率达73.86%;三氯乙酸的电化学还原反应过程以及三氯乙酸上未脱除氯原子浓度的变化均符合拟一级反应动力学方程;三氯乙酸在电化学还原过程中逐个脱除氯原子。 相似文献
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以化工园区污水处理厂生化出水为背景水样,考察了臭氧氧化对2,4,6-三氯酚、氯苯、1,2-二氯苯、对硝基氯苯、四氯酞酸5种特征氯代烃污染物的降解效果,并对其降解动力学进行了分析。实验结果表明:臭氧对2,4,6-三氯酚和氯苯的降解效果最好,反应30 min时的去除率均接近100%,其次为1,2-二氯苯和对硝基氯苯,反应30 min时的去除率分别为95.7%和36.0%,最差为四氯酞酸,反应30 min时的去除率仅为8.9%;臭氧对2,4,6-三氯酚和对硝基氯苯的降解符合零级动力学方程,对氯苯和1,2-二氯苯的降解符合一级动力学方程,对四氯酞酸的降解符合二级动力学方程。 相似文献
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塑料制品给人类带来便利,但因其难以降解,所造成的环境污染问题已成为各国广泛关注的环境问题。当前,由于石油和煤炭等化石资源的紧缺,废旧塑料的回收利用成为缓解能源与环境危机的途径之一。总结了塑料回收与再利用的现状,研究塑料垃圾回收利用的各种关键技术,并介绍了近年来中国塑料回收和处理技术的研究进展。 相似文献
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环境中VOCs的污染现状及处理技术研究进展 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
综述了近十年来大气环境中挥发性有机物(VOcs)的污染现状及其主要处理技术的研究进展.介绍了目前大气环境中VOCs的主要处理技术(包括吸附、冷凝及膜分离等回收技术和燃烧、等离子体、光催化降解和生物降解等销毁技术)的适用条件、经济性、可操作性和净化效率.提出要对VOCs的吸收和生物降解的反应动力学模型、催化机制、材料的性能及微生物活性进行深入研究的建议. 相似文献
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Shaohong Peng Lieqiang Chen Liubin Li Mingquan Xie Huajie Huang Xiaodan Liu 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2010,12(2):103-107
The thermal stability and degradation kinetics of TV housing plastic and brominated flame retardants were studied by means
of thermogravimetry. The effects of the treatment temperature on the removal rate of Br were investigated using a tube furnace
reactor under isothermal and vacuum conditions. The results showed that the weight loss of TV housing plastic was divided
into two stages: the thermal degradation of brominated flame retardants mainly occurred at 290°–350°C, and the degradation
of the high-impact polystyrene resin mainly occurred at 350°–455°C. Nearly 90% of Br can be removed from TV housing plastic
when the treatment temperature exceeds 280°C. 相似文献
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Nona Merry M. Mitan Mihai Brebu Thallada Bhaskar Akinori Muto Yusaku Sakata 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2007,9(1):56-61
Brominated high-impact polystyrene (HIPS-Br), which contained decabromodiphenyl ether flame retardant, and brominated acrylonitrile
butadiene styrene (ABS-Br), which contained bromine-containing epoxy-type flame retardant, were degraded at 450°C individually
and in a 1/1 mixture by a thermal and catalytic procedure using folded sheet mesoporous (FSM) and ZSM-5 zeolite in liquid
phase contact mode. The two polymers produced similar degradation oils but at a higher yield for HIPS-Br. However, the composition
and distribution of Br-, N-, and O-containing compounds depended on the type of flame retardant in HIPS-Br and ABS-Br. Multiphase
catalytic systems consisting of FSM in liquid phase contact mode and various CaH-, FeO-, CoMo-, and NiMo-based catalysts,
or combinations of these catalysts, in vapor phase contact mode were used to decrease the amount of heteroatoms (Br, N, and
O) in the degradation oils. Each system gave particular results in terms of mass balance and concentrations of heteroatoms.
A FSM (liquid phase contact)/CaHC (vapor phase contact) combination was the best catalytic system to remove Br-, N-, and O-containing
compounds from degradation oils. 相似文献
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M. Day K. Shaw D. Cooney J. Watts B. Harrigan 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1997,5(3):137-151
The degradability of several degradable polymers was examined using three types of degradation environments. These include
exposure in a laboratory-scale composting test system containing material representative of the organic fraction of municipal
solid waste (MSW), exposure in a thermal hydrolytic environment consisting of water at 60‡C, and exposure in a thermal-oxidative,
dry oven environment of 60‡C. The results of the investigation clearly indicate that, in addition to chemical and biological
activity which can lead to polymer degradation, physical restructuring and reorganization of the macromolecular structure
may also occur at temperatures typically found in a compost environment, resulting in changes in the mechanical properties
of the polymer films. In the case of the polyethylene-modified polymers evaluated in this study, all behaved similarly, but
differently from the other polymer types. The polyethylene-based films appeared to be susceptible to oxidative degradation
and should degrade in a composting environment providing that there is sufficient air in contact with the film for a sufficient
period of time. However, when exposed in a laboratory composter, it appears that although ideal temperature-time curves may
be obtained, the test time period was insufficient in comparison to the induction period required to achieve the desired thermal
oxidative degradation.
Issued as NRCC No. 37620. 相似文献
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百菌清污染土壤生物修复研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对百菌清具有在土壤中药效稳定、不易分解、代谢周期长、长期大量施加导致土壤严重污染等特点和问题,简要介绍了百菌清的毒性作用机制。总结了降解土壤中百菌清的物理法、化学法和生物法的原理及优缺点。重点阐述了生物修复百菌清污染土壤的主要降解菌株及其效果、降解途径以及降解产物及其毒性,分析了土壤性质、微生物种类、温度、土壤含水率等因素对百菌清降解效果的影响。指出今后的研究重点应为降解中间产物的毒性分析及其进一步的降解与转化问题,而复合菌制剂或多酶复合体系可实现百菌清的彻底降解和无害化。 相似文献