环保新形势下的污水处理提标改造应用

随着国家环境保护力度的加大,国家和地方政府相继出台一系列环保加严标准,要求企业严格按照排放标准执行。兖矿国宏化工公司污水站排水COD含量30～60mg/L,总氮含量150～200mg/L,总磷含量1.5～3mg/L,远达不到标准要求。为满足国家、地方加严环境保护指标要求,解决污水处理站排水总氮超标严重、总磷、COD超标、气化灰水硬度大等问题,特研究对污水站实施提标技术改造。通过增加废水预处理、优化加药方案、增加废水接触氧化设施等,实现污水处理站排水COD30mg/L、氨氮5mg/L、总氮(TN)15mg/L、总磷0.5mg/L,达到国家最新废水排放指标要求。     

总氮、总磷监测中存在的有关问题

文章简要介绍了我国部分地表水总氮、总磷的浓度现状和相关标准,重点讨论了总氮、总磷监测中存在的问题并提出相应的解决办法.     

对GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》中磷酸盐指标的看法

在ＧＢ 8978 - 1 996《污水综合排放标准》中有磷酸盐 (以Ｐ计 )一项 ,它的监测方法为钼蓝比色法。在《水与废水监测分析方法 ( 3版 )》中 ,测定磷酸盐 (以Ｐ计 )的两个监测方法也是钼蓝法 ,只是还原剂不同 ,一为抗坏血酸 ,另一为氯化亚锡。而水中磷几乎以各种磷酸盐的形式存在 ,它们包括正磷酸盐、缩合磷酸盐 (焦磷酸盐、偏磷酸盐和多磷酸盐 )和有机结合的磷酸盐等。由此 ,在测定时 ,通常需按其存在形式 ,分别测定总磷、溶解性正磷酸盐和总溶解性磷。综述分析 ,ＧＢ 8978- 1 996《污水综合排放标准》中测定的应是总磷。因此 ,其相应的分析…     

杭嘉湖地区淡水水产养殖污染物排放总量的研究

对杭嘉湖地区各种养殖模式选择有代表性的养殖品种,在养殖周期内分不同养殖阶段对其养殖水域进行CODCr、氨氮、总磷等有机污染物浓度测试,结合养殖池塘的产量、排水量等基本情况确定杭嘉湖地区水产养殖污染物排放系数。根据排放系数和区域水产养殖产量,计算得出杭嘉湖地区淡水水产养殖CODCr、氨氮、总磷等污染物的排放量。     

国家硫酸工业污染物排放标准制定中的思考

硫酸工业污染物排放标准预计将于2010年内发布实施。在对有关法律法规、规范性文件等进行研究,对我国硫酸工业现状和国外相关排放标准进行分析的基础上,对硫酸工业污染物排放标准制定中有关适用范围、时段划分、污染物控制等内容进行了思考。     

固定源排污许可证监测管理制度研究

依靠排污许可证管理,固定源执行由行业排放标准为主正逐步过渡到"国家行业排放标准——单一源排放标准"双层排放标准,并以执行更全面和精准的单一源排放标准为主,对应的监测要求及考核方式更加多样化。对监测管理制度进行设计,明确固定源制定自行监测方案和守法监测的主体责任,厘清许可证核发部门、属地监测、执法部门的监管职责。系统设计"固定源制定并提交自行监测方案-核发部门审核-方案纳入排污许可证中成为规定-依规定自行监测和记录-固定源提交执行报告-监管部门审计式审核-执法监测和执法检查"的全过程管理机制,设计标准化的监管计划程序落实证后监管与执法监测,明晰监管部门的有限责任。     

学习三个新环境噪声标准的体会

《声环境质量标准》、《工业企业厂界环境噪声排放标准》、《社会生活环境噪声排放标准》颁布执行是我国声环境保护工作上的一件大事。它完善了我国环境噪声标准体系,扩大了标准的适用范围,明确了标准的适用对象,理顺了相关标准之间的关系,同时对相关噪声监测方法进行了优化与完善。     

应用大气污染物排放标准易混淆和忽视的问题

以《锅炉大气污染物排放标准(GB13271＿2001)》、《火电厂大气污染物排放标准(GBl3223＿1996)》等几个相关标准为实例,对标准的适用范围、过量空气系数折算、烟囱设置规定和锅炉房容量等易混淆和忽视的问题进行比较分析,对正确执行标准有所帮助。     

利用水泥回转窑协同处置废弃农药及包装物的监测分析

在不同工况条件下,对某水泥厂协同处置废弃农药及包装物的污染物排放进行监测。结果表明:该处置过程的污染物排放符合相关排放标准要求。     

执行GB 18918-2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》的思考

比较了GB18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》与相关行业和国家标准的特点,指出执行GB18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》的关键应是充分了解和掌握被执行对象所处的地理位置、建厂年限、处理工艺、污染物排放去向及用途等基本信息。提出选择控制项目的确定、监测能力的开发、大气污染物的配套治理手段和超标项目的配套管理办法是执行GB189182002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》时尚需深入解决的问题。     

红枫湖特征污染物变化趋势分析

时红枫湖2004年至2007年的特征污染物总磷、总氮以及氨氮的变化趋势以及库容变化进行分析.结果表明,红枫湖总磷严重超标,所有监测垂线超标率为100%;总磷浓度年均值南湖高于北湖,五条监莉垂线由南向北总磷浓度呈递减趋势;从总磷的总量来看,四年间总磷总量增幅较大,2007年比2004年增加895.3吨.总氮、氨氮亦严重超标,年均浓度值超标率为100%,并且氨氮与总氮变化趋势一致.2004年～2007年红枫湖年平均库容量呈逐年上升趋势,但污染物总磷和总氮的浓度并没有降低,其总量也随着上升.     

前处理方法对水体总磷测定值的影响研究

研究了水样静置30 min和全部混合立即测定2种前处理方法对江苏省环太湖15条主要出入湖河流总磷测定值的影响,结果表明,采样后静置30 min测定的总磷浓度较低,仅为全部混匀立即测定总磷浓度的46%～80%;水体中漂浮水华蓝藻数量是影响2种前处理方法总磷测定结果差异性的重要因素,去除漂浮水华蓝藻较多的7条入湖河流监测数据后,静置30 min测定的总磷浓度为全部混匀立即测定总磷浓度的71%～80%。提出,基于不同的测定目的,应有针对性地选择总磷前处理方法,在水环境质量状况评估时,可参照国家标准或最新技术规定的前处理方法执行,以保证总磷浓度的可比性;在进行总磷入湖通量研究时,建议采用全部混合立即测定的前处理方法,以反映水体中实际总磷浓度;在不同国家水体总磷浓度比较时,建议采用相同的前处理方法进行总磷浓度测定。     

Monitoring in the Tualatin River Basin to assess the effectiveness of the Oregon Forest Practicers Program: Preliminary results of phosphorus monitoring

The Oregon Department of Forestry is a designated management agency to provide a forestry program to assist in bringing the Tualatin River into complicance with pH and dissolved oxygen water quality standards. The Oregon Environmental Quality Commission set a total maximum daily load (TMDL) of 70 µg/l total phosphorus to control algae growth and meet these standards. The Department of Forestry has a basin effectiveness monitoring plan to determine that the Oregon Forest Practice Rules' BMPs are maintaining adequate control of phosphorus loadings from forest operations. Three sites monitored during May to October of 1990 were augmented by eight more sites in 1991. As laboratory methods were refined, the results became more accurate. The 1991 monitoring showed lower phosphorus levels that were consistent for each tributary. Mean total phosphorus levels ranged from 17 to 65 µg/l. Preliminary field reconnaissance suggests a correlation between phosphorus levels and underlying geology. Concentrations were lowest at sites underlain by tertiary intrusive basalts, next higher for sites with terrestrial basalt, next higher for one site with a basalt-sandstone bedrock mix, and highest for sites underlain predominately by sandstone. These results may be modified by 1992 monitoring and further analysis.     

Assessing coastal waters of American Samoa: territory-wide water quality data provide a critical “big-picture” view for this tropical archipelago

The coastal waters of American Samoa’s five high islands (Tutuila, Aunu’u, Ofu, Olosega, and Ta’u) were surveyed in 2004 using a probabilistic design. Water quality data were collected from the near-shore coastal habitat, defined as all near-shore coastal waters including embayments, extending out to 1/4 mile off-shore. Hydrography and water column samples were collected, and water quality data were compared to the Territorial water quality standards for pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), Enterococcus, chlorophyll a, water clarity, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus. All station measurements for pH, DO, and Enterococcus satisfied the local water quality standards, although some fraction of the Territory could not be assessed for either DO or Enterococcus. With respect to chlorophyll a, 66 ± 18% of Territory coastal waters complied with the standard, while 34 ± 18% failed to comply with the standard. For water clarity, 54 ± 18% of the Territorial waters complied with the standard while 42 ± 7% failed to comply. Territorial waters satisfied the standards for total nitrogen and phosphorus 72 ± 17% and 92 ± 10%, respectively. These data provide the first “big-picture” view of water quality in the near shore region around the high islands of American Samoa. While the picture is encouraging, these data suggest emerging water quality concerns.     

工业污水在线自动监测系统及警示性原理分析

介绍天然气污水处理过程中采用的污水流量及水质电脑自动监测系统 ,同时本预警系统污水排放超标限值报警与变化率报警相结合的新型预警报警模型     

北京市某典型污水处理厂氨气排放研究

在污水处理厂的格栅、沉砂池、初沉池、曝气池、二沉池采集气样,同时采集相应点位水样,分析各点位氨气排放特征及其与污水指标间相关性。在格栅间、污泥脱水间收集氨气浓度分析密闭车间氨气排放量,结果表明:水气界面格栅间氨气排放浓度最高,随着处理工艺的进行,氨气排放浓度呈下降趋势;氨气排放浓度与污水中氨氮浓度及总氮浓度有较好的线性关系;沉砂池及初沉池氨气挥发速率远高于曝气池和二沉池;各工艺段氨气排放量差异较大,污水厂污水氨气排放量为922 mg/m~3,初沉池对污水厂氨气贡献率最高,为78.8%。     

填充柱(FID)-顶空气相色谱法测定水和废水中丙烯腈

本文用顶空气相色谱法测定水和废水中丙烯腈,具有简便、快速、灵敏、准确,干扰少,适用性强等优点,适用于不同类型的环境水样分析。     

Water quality trends in Polyphytos reservoir, Aliakmon River, Greece

A water quality monitoring program was undertaken from June 2004 to May 2005, on a monthly basis, in Polyphytos Reservoir of Aliakmon River. Depth, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, pH and transparency (Secchi disk) were measured in situ, while collected water samples were analyzed in the laboratory for the determination of BOD, COD, total phosphorus (TP), ortho-phosphate (OP), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), ammonium, nitrite and nitrate, total Kappajeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni and Cd). Measured concentrations were compared to those from two previous studies conducted in July 1987 to June 1988 and January 1991 to February 1993. The following conclusions are drawn: the effect of the watershed on the lake environment, mostly through Aliakmon River, is significant, and it accelerates the eutrophication of the lake. The anoxic zones, which were defined in the lake, reinforce this conclusion. Nitrate, nitrite and ammonia were measured at lower concentrations compared to previous studies, while total phosphorus and chlorophyll-a were found at increased concentrations. The current trophic state of Polyphytos reservoir is eutrophic, based on the OECD method and Carlson's Trophic State Indices (TSI). The concentration of BOD and COD ranged at low levels. Furthermore, the mean concentrations of metals Fe, Mn, Cu, Cr, Pb, and Cd were below the potable water standards set by WHO and EU. During most part of the study period the ratio N/P for Polyphytos reservoir was higher than 7.2:1, and therefore, phosphorus is the limiting nutrient for algal growth.     

地表水泥沙与总磷测定值的相关性分析

为研究总磷与泥沙之间的质量浓度关系,采集了三峡库区7个断面的地表水样品,通过筛分、滤膜过滤等方式,分离了水样中不同粒径的泥沙,得到含不同泥沙质量浓度的水样,并同步分析了水样中泥沙和总磷的质量浓度.结果表明,在丰水期,总磷主要来源于泥沙中吸附的有机磷和无机磷,而溶解态磷较少.泥沙与总磷质量浓度可以用线性关系和对数关系模拟,泥沙是影响地表水中总磷测定结果的主要原因之一.     

高压密封消解-流动注射同时测定海水中总氮和总磷

建立了高压密封消解-流动注射同时测定海水中总氮和总磷的方法,方法采用特制聚四氟乙烯密封消解罐,经高压消解锅消解后,用流动注射分析仪同时测定海水中的总氮和总磷。结果显示,总氮和总磷在0~3.20 mg/L范围内线性良好,总氮相关系数(r)=0.9997,检出限为0.012 mg/L,相对标准偏差为0.65%~2.59%,加标回收率为97.8%~102%;总磷相关系数(r)=0.9999,检出限为0.006 mg/L,相对标准偏差为0.50%~6.67%,加标回收率为98.8%~101%。该方法可同时测定海水中总氮和总磷,方法准确度和精密度良好,满足分析要求,适用于大批量海水样品中总氮和总磷的快速准确定量。