醌还原酶 醌类化合物对偶氮染料脱色的作用

外加醌类化合物作介体,利用细菌胞内的醌还原酶考察基因工程菌Escherichia coli YB对偶氮染料的脱色能力,以及甲基氢醌预处理对E. coli JM109和厌氧污泥脱色的影响.结果表明,介体2羟基1,4萘醌（lawsone,LQ）的存在对胞内过量表达醌还原酶AZR的E. coli YB的脱色能力有显著的促进作用,0.2 mmol·L^-1 LQ存在下,苋菜红（1 mmol·L^-1）在2 h内可脱色75%.LQ存在时E. coli YB对高浓度的染料也有脱色效果,8 h可使苋菜红（5 mmol·L^-1）脱色50%左右.与LQ相比,甲萘醌作为介体对脱色的促进效果较差,2.5 mmol·L^-1甲萘醌存在下脱色70%需12 h.LQ存在时E. coli YB对苋菜红的重复脱色能力稳定,12 h内能完成4次重复脱色.LQ的存在对于结构较复杂的2种偶氮染料酸性大红GR和活性艳红K2BP的脱色也有促进作用,在最适LQ浓度下,分别在9 h和30 h脱色70%.甲基氢醌预处理对E. coli JM109和厌氧污泥的脱色能力都有促进作用.预处理后在LQ存在下,E. coli JM109在5 h可脱色苋菜红（1 mmol·L^-1）80%左右,而污泥可在11 h脱色75%以上.     

Biodegradation of azo dyes by genetically engineered azoreductase

A azoreductase gene with 537 bp was obtained by PCR amplification from Rhodobacter sphaeroides ASI. 1737. The enzyme,with a molecular weight of 18.7 kD, was efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli and its biodegradation characteristics for azo dyes were investigated. Furthermore, the reaction kinetics and mechanism of azo dyes catalyzed by the genetically engineered azoreductase were studied in detail. The presence of a hydrazo-intermediate was identified, which provided a convincing evidence for the assumption that azo dyes were degraded via an incomplete reduction stage.     

鞘氨醇单胞菌完整细胞对溴氨酸的好氧降解

文章考察了鞘氨醇单胞菌QYY完整细胞对溴氨酸的好氧降解条件,并对其降解途径进行了分析。研究表明,该完整细胞在最佳条件为:温度30℃、初始pH7.0～8.0、摇床转速150r/min,磷酸缓冲溶液浓度为0.01～0.04mol/L时将溴氨酸完全脱色后产生3种产物:2-氨基-3-羟基-5-溴苯磺酸、2-氨基-4-羟基-5-溴苯磺酸为终产物;邻苯二甲酸为中间产物。其脱色过程中,大部分溴氨酸直接降解为终产物,仅有一小部分溴氨酸在降解过程中形成邻苯二甲酸。邻苯二甲酸则通过苯甲酸代谢途径开环。     

藻类对偶氮染料的降解及定量结构-生物降解性研究

通过研究普通小球藻（ Chlorella vulgaris） 、蛋白核小球藻（Chlorella pyrenoidosa） 、斜生栅藻（Scenedes nusobliquus） 对偶氮染料的降解作用,筛选出优势藻种并优化降解条件;对单偶氮染料进行了定量结构—生物降解性相关关系（QSBR） 研究．3 种藻均能利用偶氮染料为其生长的唯一 C、 N 源,使染料脱色,蛋白核小球藻具有更强的脱色能力;且藻在无 N 环境中的脱色率明显高于无 C 和正常环境;pH 值对染料脱色影响较大,最佳pH值为中性;不同结构的单偶氮染料生物降解性相差很大,脱色率为9.1 ％ （89.9 ％ , QSBR 研究表明, 偶氮键的最低未占据轨道能量是控制生物降解的主要因素,而脱色率与染料的分子量无关．     

醌基修饰PVA海绵的制备、表征及加速偶氮染料生物脱色研究

非水溶性氧化还原介体催化强化污染物降解是目前环境领域研究的热点,通过合成实验开发出醌基功能基团接枝聚乙烯醇海绵(PVA)载体,从而制备出含有醌基的高分子介体材料,并进行偶氮染料生物降解研究.醌基修饰PVA海绵中醌基含量是0.08 mmol·g-1,其中最佳胺化时间为6 h,最佳胺化温度是30℃,最佳接醌时间是2 h,最佳接醌温度为40℃.通过元素分析与扫描电镜表明醌基基团已经成功固定到PVA表面.合成的以PVA为载体的醌基高分子介体材料对偶氮染料进行生物降解,实验表明醌基修饰PVA具有高效的催化活性和良好的催化稳定性.多次循环使用后仍能保持较高的生物脱色催化性能,使得其在水污染处理方面具有良好的实际应用前景.     

Decolorization and bio degradation metabolism of azo dyes by Pseudomonas S-42

A bacterial strain was isolated from activated sludge and has been identified as Pseudomonas sp. S-42 capable of decolorizing azo dyes such as Diamira Brilliant Orange RR (DBO-RR), Direct Brown M (DBM), Eriochrome Brown R (EBR) and so on. The growing cells, intact cells, cell-free extract and purified enzyme of strain S-42 could decolorize azo dyes under similar conditions at the optimum pH 7.0 and temperature of 37℃. The efficiencies of decolorization for DBO-RR, DBM, EBR with intact cells stood more than 90%. When the cell concentration was 15mg (wet)/ml and the reaction time was 5 hours, the decolorizing activities of intact cells for above three azo dyes were 1.75, 2.4, 0.95 μg dye/mg cell, respectively. Cell-free extract and purified enzyme belonged to azoreductase with molecular weight about 34000±2000 and Vmax and Km values for DBO-RR of 13μmol/mg protein/nun and 54μmol, respectively. The results from the detection of the biodegradation products of DBO-RR by spectrophotometric and NaNO2 reac     

Trametes sp.LS-10C产漆酶发酵培养基优化及其漆酶对偶氮染料的脱色性能

为了提高菌株Trametes sp.LS-10C的漆酶产量并初步研究该酶对偶氮染料的脱色性能,本文通过单因素实验及均匀设计对菌株Trametes sp.LS-10C产漆酶培养基进行了优化,获得最优培养基配方为:葡萄糖14.4 g·L~(-1)、豆渣10.1 g·L~(-1)、麸皮100 g·L~(-1)、NH_4Cl_3g·L~(-1)、KH2PO41.4g·L~(-1)、CuSO_4’5H2O 1 g·L~(-1)、NaCl 1 g·L~(-1)、MgSO_40.8 g·L~(-1)、CaCl_20.5 g·L~(-1).菌株发酵至8 d时漆酶产量为595.15 U·m L~(-1),约是优化前的35.66倍.进一步研究表明,该漆酶-介体系统对酸性红GR、酸性蓝40和酸性铬蓝K等3种偶氮染料脱色10 h后脱色率分别高达96.86%、91.28%和86.31%.相比公开发表的文献,本研究所报道的Trametes sp.LS-10C利用优化培养基发酵产漆酶达到了较高水平,具有酶活力高和发酵时间短等特征,且该漆酶在处理偶氮染料废水脱色领域中具有进一步研发和应用价值.     

Comparison of decolorization of reactive microorganisms isolated from various sources

Azo dyes are among the oldest man-made chemicals and they are still widely used in the textile, printing and the food industries.About 10% - 15% of the total dyes used in the industry is released into the environment during the manufacturing and usage. Some dyes and some of their N-substituted aromatic bio-transformation products are toxic and/or carcinogenic and therefore these dyes are considered to beenvironmental pollutants and health hazards. These azo dyes are degraded by physico-chemical and biological methods. Of these, biological methods are considered to be the most economical and efficient. In this work, attempts were made to degrade these dyes aerobically. Theorganisms which were efficient in degrading the following azo dyes-Red RB, Remazol Red, Remazol Blue, Remazol Violet, Remazol Yellow,Golden Yellow, Remazol Orange, Remazol Black- were isolated from three different sources viz., wastewater treatment plant, paper milleffluent treatment plant and tannery was tewater treatment plant. The efficiency of azo dye degradation by mixed cultures from each source wasanalyzed. It was found that mixed cultures from tannery treatment plant worked efficiently in decolorizing Remazol Red, Remazol Orange,Remazol Blue and Remazol Violet, while mixed cultures from the paper mill effluent worked efficiently in decolorizing Red RB, Golden Yellow and Remazol Yellow. The mixed cultures from wastewater treatment plant efficiently decolorized Remazol Black.     

Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by Trichoderma sp. WL-Go for azo dyes decolorization

Developing an eco-friendly approach for metallic nanoparticles synthesis is important in current nanotechnology research. In this study, green synthesis of gold nanoparticles(AuNPs) was carried out by a newly isolated strain Trichoderma sp. WL-Go. UV–vis spectra of Au NPs showed a surface plasmon resonance peak at 550 nm, and transmission electron microscopy images revealed that the Au NPs were of varied shape with well dispersibility.The optimal conditions for Au NPs synthesis were HAuCl_4 1.0 mmol/L, biomass 0.5 g and pH 7–11. Moreover, the bio-Au NPs could efficiently catalyze the decolorization of various azo dyes. This research provided a new microbial resource candidate for green synthesis of Au NPs and demonstrated the potential application of bio-Au NPs for azo dye decolorization.     

高盐条件下染料酸性橙7的生物降解特性

对偶氮染料废水厌氧-好氧生物处理中的高盐度抑制生物活性和芳香胺自氧化问题,通过多种强化策略,考察了NaCl为100g/L时酸性橙7(AO7)的生物降解特性.结果表明,加入葡萄糖(0.5g/L)、蛋白胨(1g/L)和酵母粉(0.5g/L)有利于高盐条件下AO7的生物降解.进水中加入酸性红B对AO7的脱色有加速作用.耐盐污泥中加入蒽醌形成的蒽醌-污泥自固定化体系可以促进AO7脱色,当蒽醌浓度为100mg/L时,AO7最大脱色率约为92%.以活性炭毡作为生物载体,厌氧和好氧体系均可实现稳定运行,且体系污泥沉降性良好,脱色速率达26.67mg/(L×h),且可有效抑制脱色中间产物1-氨基-2-萘酚的好氧自氧化,使COD去除率始终保持在90%以上.     

Study on the decolorization of dyes by microorganisms

Thirteen strains of bacteria with ability of dye decolonization were isolated from activated sludge and biofilm collected from textile wastewater treatment plants, and identified as Alteromonas, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter. Alcali-genes and Corynobacterium. These strains D33, D32, D4 of Alteromonas can decolorize 29 kinds of dyes with good decolorizing activities of about 2.6 mg dye/gram wet cells.h-1. The optimum pH was 7-8 and the temperature was 37℃. The growth of bacteria was 3 times better in shaking cultures than in static cultures. But the decolorization rate of dyes was 4-9 times more in the latter than in the former. The results from the examination of the reaction products of Diamond Chrome Red B and Diamond Narry Blue RRN indicated the possibility of biodegradation of these dyes by Enterobacter D17.     

凹凸棒负载TiO2对偶氮染料和纺织废水光催化脱污

通过浸渍的方法 ,制备了天然粘土矿石凹凸棒负载的P2 5TiO2 固化催化剂 .实验了催化剂的负载量和煅烧温度对催化剂活性的影响 .研究了最佳固化催化剂对 5种生物难降解的偶氮染料和纺织废水的太阳光催化脱污 .结果证实该固定化催化剂能利用太阳能光催化脱污偶氮染料及毛纺织废水 ,而且具有高的稳定性 ,可重复使用     

真菌和细菌对染料的吸附脱色及再生能力的研究

进行了真菌和细菌共培养对染料的吸附脱色和吸附脱色能力再生的研究。结果表明，青霉菌G－1首先对偶氮染料S－119、蒽醌染料艳紫KN－B（C．I．Reactive violet 22）水溶液中染料进行快速吸附去除，菌丝对同种染料的吸附速度随菌丝培养液中葡萄糖浓度的增加而加快，吸附染料的G－1菌丝在与细菌的共培养中完成对染料的脱色降解，脱色速度受培养液中葡萄和氮源浓度影响较大，从吸附速率和完全脱色时间综合评价，以葡萄糖浓度为5g/L、酒石酸铵为20mmol/L的培养基中培养的菌丝对染料的吸附脱色效果最好，吸附在菌丝上的艳紫KN－B脱色后菌丝吸附脱色能力得到再生，菌丝对100mg/L的艳紫KN－B染料水溶液可重复处理4次。青霉菌G－1对酸性染料废水处理3h，色度去除率为75．9％，吸附染料的菌丝在与细菌共培养中完成对染料的脱色，对试验所用染料废水，菌丝的处理能力获得1次再生。     

Continuous treatment of azo acid dyes by photo-dependent denitrifying sludge

Simultaneous removals of dye and nitrate by photo-dependent denitrifying sludge(PDDS)have been demonstrated in a continuousflow bench-scale reactor.The best C/N for the degradation of azo dyes by PDDS was 1.5.The specific removal rate of azo dye AB92 decreased with a decrease in hydraulic retention time and increased with a decrease in solids retention time.The degradation rate of TOC decreased with a decrease in hydraulic retention time.AB92,which has nitro and hydroxyl substitutions in non-para positions,was uniquely degraded.During continuous flow treatment experiments using PDDS,complete degradation of azo dyes AB92 and AO20 at influent concentrations of 40mg/L and 30mg/L,respectively,was achieved with an HRT of 16.     

粉煤灰对单体直接染料脱色效果的研究

就粉煤灰的投加量、染料的初始浓度、pH值及脱色时间等因素对单体直接染料脱色效果进行了研究，结果表明：在加灰量为0.006g/ml、gH值为2－10、脱色时间为20－30min时，粉煤灰对单体直接染料具有良好的脱色效果。     

磁性吸附剂MZFS吸附偶氮染料中性红的性能及机理

利用正硅酸乙酯水解制备得到"核-壳"结构的磁性吸附剂MZF@SiO₂（MZFS），采用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、振动样品磁强计（VSM）和傅利叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）对MZFS的结构和性能进行表征，并研究MZFS对偶氮染料中性红（NR）的吸附性能.结果表明，拟二级动力学和Freundlich模型均能较好地描述该吸附过程，吸附过程的速率控制步骤为化学吸附；吸附自由能E为0.472-0.773kJ/mol，△G为-20~0kJ/mol，△H为37.5kJ/mol，表明该过程是以物理吸附为主的自发吸热过程.FT-IR结果表明吸附的主要作用力为分子间氢键，MZFS可采用15% wt H₂O₂进行原位再生.研究结果能为偶氮染料废水处理方法的革新提供基础理论数据.     

磺化生物炭活化过硫酸盐去除水中盐酸四环素

采用高温煅烧-磺化法制备磺化改性苎麻生物炭（SBC）,并将其作为过硫酸盐活化剂,实现了对水中盐酸四环素（TCH）的高效去除.通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、比表面积分析仪（BET）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）对SBC的形貌和结构进行表征,研究了溶液初始pH值、SBC投加量、PS投加量对SBC/PS体系中TCH降解效果的影响,并考察了SBC的重复利用性能.结果表明,SBC为片层介孔材料,其表面含有丰富的含氧官能团和黄原酸酯官能团.在初始pH值为3,PS投加量为10mmol/L,SBC投加量为0.5g/L的最优条件下,反应180min后,SBC/PS体系对TCH的去除率达到89.0%,明显优于SBC、苎麻秸秆原始生物炭（BC）、PS和BC/PS体系.在实验考察范围内,SBC/PS体系对TCH的降解性能随pH值（pH=3~11）的升高呈先降低后升高再降低的趋势;随SBC和PS投加量的升高,TCH的去除率呈先上升后下降的趋势.自由基淬灭实验和电子顺磁共振（EPR）实验表明,SBC/PS体系降解TCH的过程中产生了硫酸根自由基（SO₄^-·）、羟基自由基（·OH）、超氧自由基（O₂^-·）和单线氧（¹O₂）,¹O₂起主导作用.循环利用实验结果表明,SBC表现出良好的重复利用性能.研究认为SBC是一种环境友好、高效的非金属碳基过硫酸盐活化剂,具有良好的应用前景.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

蒽醌染料中间体催化强化偶氮染料生物脱色

考察了醌还原菌群利用6种蒽醌染料中间体对偶氮染料生物脱色的催化强化作用.结果表明,溴氨酸(1-氨基-4-溴蒽醌-2-磺酸, BAA)的催化强化效果最好;游离态菌群以BAA作为氧化还原介体可催化强化多种偶氮染料的生物脱色,其中对酸性大红3R脱色的适宜条件为pH 6～9之间;外加葡萄糖浓度400～600 mg/L;BAA浓度19～34.2 mg/L,染料起始浓度≤900 mg/L.在此条件下,最大脱色率约为95%、达到最大脱色率的时间<7 h.同时发现,投加氧化还原介体BAA浓度为38～57mg/L时,固定化菌群降解酸性大红3R(180 mg/L)的最大脱色率在14 h内达到93%;在不补加BAA的情况下,固定化菌群经7次循环使用后,脱色率仍保持在85%以上.     

g-C3N4-P25/光合细菌复合材料降解偶氮染料废水的机理

采用海藻酸钙将g-C3N4-P25和光合细菌进行共固定,合成了光催化-微生物复合材料,并进行了降解模拟偶氮染料废水的研究.结果表明,光催化-微生物复合材料的染料(活性艳红X-3B)脱色率和COD去除率分别为94%和84.7%,远远大于固定光催化剂与固定光合细菌.利用UV-Vis、FT-IR及GC-MS对反应残留物进行表征,根据结果可推测:由光催化产生的自由基和光合细菌共同破坏X-3B的偶氮结构,生成的苯胺类化合物经过一系列的水解、氧化还原作用生成多种具有苯环结构的化合物,然后自由基破坏苯环结构产生长链烷烃,减少芳香烃化合物的累积对光合细菌活性的影响.光合细菌及时利用光催化生成的长链烷烃,产生分子量较小的物质,最后矿化为CO2和H2O.