产色链霉菌(Streptomyces chromogenes)和立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)转化NO3-的研究

筛选出２株真菌,产色链霉菌（Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｍｙｃｅｓ ｃｈｒｏｍｏｇｅｎｅｓ）和立枯丝核菌（Ｒｈｉｚｏｃｔｏｎｉａ ｓｏｌａｎｉ）具有转化ＮＯ３＾－的活性。它们的生比枯草芽孢杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓ）还强。产色链霉菌和立枯丝核菌将ＮＨ４＾＋转化为ＮＯ３＾＿的机理也不同于真菌尖孢镰刀菌（Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍｏｘｙｓｐｏｒｉｕｍ）必需有ＮＯ３＾－或ＮＯ２＾－的诱导才具有活性,它们可直接将硫     

黄海西部大气湿沉降(降水)的pH与主要酸碱离子的关系

对黄海西部的千里岩、青岛的麦岛两个降消要样点１９９７、１９９８丙年所收集的１１３个降 Ｈ＾＋、ＮＨ４＾＋、Ｋ＾＋、Ｎａ＾＋、Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋、Ｆ＾－、Ｃｌ＾－、ＮＯ３＾－、ＳＯ４＾２－共１０种离子成分的含量，分别用ＮＡ＾＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋、Ｃａ＾２＋＋ＮＨ４＾＋）／（ＮＯ３＋ｎｓａＳＯ４＾２－、ｃｍｓｓＳＯ４＾２－（ｎｓｓＳＯ４＾２－）的相关分析。结果表明：（１）以Ｍｇ＾２＋作为参考元素计算得到     

Hydrolytic dynamics of pesticide N''-(2,4-dimethylphenyl) -N-methylformamidine in aquatic solution

ＨｙｄｒｏｌｙｔｉｃｄｙｎａｍｉｃｓｏｆｐｅｓｔｉｃｉｄｅＮ＇－（２，４－ｄｉｍｅｔｈｙｌｐｈｅｎｙｌ）－Ｎ－ｍｅｔｈｙｌｆｏｒｍａｍｉｄｉｎｅｉｎａｑｕａｔｉｃｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ￥ＭｏＨａｎｈｏｎｇ；ＹａｎｇＫｅｗｕ；ＡｎＦｅｎｇｃｈｕｎ；ＬｉｕＹｅ...     

辽河口营养要素的化学特性及其入海通量估算

本文根据１９９２年５月和８月辽河口水域营养要素的两次实测结果，讨论了溶解态无机氮（ＮＯ３＾－－Ｎ、ＮＯ２＾－－Ｎ、ＮＨ４＾＋－Ｎ）、活性磷酸盐（ＰＯ４＾３－－Ｐ）和活性硅酸盐（ＳｉＯ３＾２－Ｓｉ）在辽河口水域的含量，分布特征，化学特性及其入海通量。结果表明：辽河口水域溶解态无机氮含量范围为１２．１３￣２２２．７０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，活性磷酸盐含量范围为０．７１￣２．８１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，活性硅酸盐含量范围为     

半胱氨酸合铁(Ⅱ)溶液同时脱除烟中SO_2和NO_x和研究

研究用半胱氨酸合铁（Ⅱ）溶液同时脱除烟气中ＳＯ＿２和ＮＯ＿ｘ，研究了［ＳＯ＿３￣（２－）〕对ＮＯ＿ｘ脱除率的影响、半胱氨酸的再生。实验表明：烟气中ＳＯ＿２可以全部脱除；随［ＳＯ＿３￣（２－＿）］的增加能增大半胱氨酸合铁（Ⅱ）溶液对ＮＯ的吸收，但有一定限度；氧化产物胱氨酸可用Ｈ＿２Ｓ／ＳＯ＿２／ＯＨ－（Ｎａ＿２Ｓ／Ｎａ＿２ＳＯ＿３）体系还原为半阶氨酸。使此过程循环，无二次污染。     

不同状态MnO_2对废水中As(Ⅲ)的吸附研究

利用ＭｎＯ２对含Ａｓ（ＩＩ）废水进行了吸附实验，结果表明，ＭｎＯ２对Ａｓ（ＩＩ）有着较强的吸附能力，其饱和吸附量为４４．０６ｍｇ／ｇ（δ－ＭｎＯ２）和１７．９ｍｇ／ｇ（ε－ＭｎＯ２），阴离子的存在使ＭｎＯ２吸附量有所下降，一些阳离子（如Ｇａ３＋、Ｉｎ３＋）可增加其吸附量，吸附后的ＭｎＯ２经解吸后可重复使用。     

二氧化氮气体氧化亚硫酸根的反应机理

在有氧和无氧条件下，利用罗曼光谱测定反应生成物的方法，研究了ＮＯ２和含ＳＯ＾２－３溶液的反应机理，反应的生成物中含有ＮＯ－３，ＳＯ２－４和Ｓ２Ｏ２－５，反应的初始产物是ＮＯ－２离子和ＳＯ－３，基团：ＮＯ２＋ＳＯ＾２－３→ＮＯ＾－２＋ＳＯ＾－３。ＳＯ＾－３基团可以进行重组，或与氧反应生成ＳＯ－３基团。在无氧条件下，（ＳＯ＾２－４）／（Ｓ２Ｏ＾２－３）＝１．８±０．３，反映ＳＯ＾－３基团重组的反应如下     

附着态半导体光催化剂光解可溶性染料的研究

以３００Ｗ中压汞灯和日光为光源，研究了将ＴｉＯ２等半导体粉末附着在海砂和玻璃表面对直接耐晒大红４ＢＳ（下简称４ＢＳ）、活性黑ＫＮ－Ｂ（下简称ＫＮ－Ｂ）和亚甲基蓝（下简称ＭＢ）水溶液的催化光解。结果表明：几种染料均显光解；光解为一级动力学反应；附着复合的ＴｉＯ２－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３、ＴｉＯ２－ＷＯ３比附着单一的ＴｉＯ２光催化效果好；附着态ＴｉＯ２重复使用１５次（每次８ｈ）后催化能力降低１７．９％。以基态电     

Effect of SO2-polluted rape plant on growth and reproduction of the turnip aphid,Lipaphis erysimi(Kaltenbach)

ＥｆｆｅｃｔｏｆＳＯ_２－ｐｏｌｌｕｔｅｄｒａｐｅｐｌａｎｔｏｎｇｒｏｗｔｈａｎｄｒｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｔｕｒｎｉｐａｐｈｉｄ，Ｌｉｐａｐｈｉｓｅｒｙｓｉｍｉ（Ｋａｌｔｅｎｂａｃｈ）￥ＷｕＫｕｎｊｕｎ；ＧｏｎｇＰｅｉｙｕ；ＬｉＸｉｕｚｈｅ?..     

阿魏酸芥子酸清除亚硝基自由基的动力学研究

利用脉冲辐解方法，研究了阿魏酸、芥子酸（ＨＣＡ）快速清除ＮＯ２的机理，测得ＮＯ２从ＨＣＡ抽氢反应的动力学常数为（７．２－７．４）×１０＾８ｄｍ＾３．ｍｏｌ＾－１．ｓ＾－１量级，并发现在弱酸性条件下ＨＣＡ也能有效清除ＨＮＯ２。     

应用神经网络对地下水反硝化效果预测与验证

应用人工神经网络对生物脱氮工艺进行预测并验证。采用工艺参数如COD、NO3-N、NO2-N、DO等作为输入节点,COD、NO3-N作为输出节点。结果显示神经网络能够较好地预报出水的水质参数。出水硝酸盐和COD预测结果与试验结果符合得较好,相对误差分别在10％和5％范围内。     

不同电子受体对反硝化除磷菌缺氧吸磷的影响

利用厌氧/缺氧/好氧交替运行模式培养和富集反硝化除磷污泥,通过在缺氧段分别投加不同浓度的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐,进行了反硝化除磷菌（DPB）在不同电子受体条件下的缺氧吸磷试验.结果表明,在保证有足够的硝酸盐电子受体的情况下,DPB的缺氧吸磷速率几乎不受硝酸盐浓度的影响,在试验条件下,缺氧阶段每消耗1 mg NO^-₃-N吸收约1 mg PO^３－_４-P;在一定浓度条件下,亚硝酸盐能够作为电子受体参与DPB反硝化吸磷,DPB在较低亚硝酸盐浓度（NO^-₂-N在5～20 mg/L范围）下的缺氧吸磷速率高于以硝酸盐为电子受体时的缺氧吸磷速率,并且缺氧吸磷速率在这个范围内随NO^-₂-N浓度的升高而降低;亚硝酸盐对DPB缺氧吸磷的抑制程度随其浓度的增加而增强,当NO^-₂-N≥35 mg/L时,DPB的缺氧吸磷反应几乎完全停止.     

餐厨垃圾水解酸化液作碳源的脱氮效果研究

针对餐厨垃圾水解酸化液作外加碳源的反硝化脱氮效果进行研究,考察了人工配水条件下水解酸化液反硝化处理的适宜COD/NO3--N比范围,在适宜COD/NO3--N比条件下与甲醇、乙酸钠的反硝化效果进行对比,并验证了水解酸化液对于生活污水的反硝化效果.结果表明,人工配水条件下利用水解酸化液作碳源的适宜COD/NO3--N比为4.9~6.0,反硝化速率最高可达25.0mg NO3--N/(gVSS·h).反应过程存在2个不同的硝态氮去除速率阶段,并出现了亚硝氮积累.餐厨垃圾水解酸化液为含多种VFA成分的混合物,其反应过程中硝态氮的去除速率比甲醇、乙酸钠等纯物质做碳源时的硝态氮去除速率快.将餐厨垃圾水解酸化液用于生活污水脱氮处理,当COD/NO3--N比为6时,水中的硝态氮以及亚硝氮均能够得到较为彻底的去除.     

一株具有好氧反硝化能力真菌的筛选及脱氮性能研究

利用综合筛选法从河流底泥中筛选出一株具有好氧反硝化能力的真菌,通过18S rDNA测序及形态观察,该菌被鉴定为链格孢属真菌。结果表明:该菌碳源底物利用范围广泛,能够利用多种有机碳源进行生长和反硝化。该菌对氨氮的去除主要通过该菌对氨氮的同化作用,而对亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的去除是同化和反硝化共同作用的结果。当氨氮、亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐同时存在时,该菌优先利用氨氮,但对亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐并无明显的选择性。初始氮浓度和碳氮比对培养基pH和氮素的去除率均有一定的影响。当初始氮浓度和碳氮比合适时,该菌对3种氮素均有很高的去除效率,是一种具有应用前景的除氮菌属。     

城市污水A~2/O处理系统好氧池N_2O和NO的释放特征及影响因素

以某污水处理厂好氧曝气池为研究对象,利用N_2O和NO在线检测仪,监测好氧池不同空间位置处N_2O和NO的释放量,考察了氮素浓度、溶解氧及p H值对N_2O和NO释放量的影响.该污水处理厂好氧池DO浓度在0.24~1.12mg/L之间,且大多处于0.6mg/L左右,较低的DO导致NO2--N浓度沿水流推流方向不断积累;相应的,N_2O和NO释放量沿水流推流方向不断升高,并于好氧池末段达到最高值.NO释放NO2--N量与浓度显著正相关,N_2O释放量与NO2--N浓度也有一定的相关性,但没有NO显著.基于空间检测数据估算获得该污水处理厂N_2O释放量占进水NH_4+-N比例为6.34%~8.83%,NO释放量占进水NH4+-N比例为0.033%~0.034%.     

Release of nitric oxide from building stones into the atmosphere

Stone material from the corroding surface of buildings generally released nitric oxide with rates of 0.42–4.2 ng NON h⁻¹ g⁻¹ d.w. despite their large range of moisture, pH and content of ammonium, nitrite and nitrate. The net release rates of NO were independent of the NO mixing ratio of the atmosphere up to 1 ppmv NO. Whereas NO₂ was taken up by all stones tested, uptake of NO was only observed in one out of five types of stone. NO release rates were highest at the stone surface and rapidly decreased in depth lower than 1 cm. NO release persisted for up to >3 months after the stone sample was removed from the building. NO was mainly produced during the biogenic oxidation of ammonium to nitrate at the stone surface which was probably due to endolithic nitrifying bacteria. Chemical decomposition of nitrite to NO and NO₂ was only observed under acidic conditions.     

厌氧氨氧化电子受体的研究

在无机条件下,以该课题组已经培养出来的厌氧氨氧化污泥作为接种污泥,分别以硫酸盐、硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐为电子受体来研究氨的氧化反应。从去除速率的角度来看,以NO2--N、NO3--N和SO42--S为电子受体的反应器,分别在运行的第24.5天、40天和31天时达到0.030 0 kg/(m.3d)NH4+-N去除速率,则氧化氨的能力由大到小依次是:亚硝酸盐>硫酸盐>硝酸盐;从标准吉布斯自由能变化来看,3种反应都是可以发生的;以亚硝酸盐为电子受体的反应过程是一个消耗酸度的生物过程,而以硫酸盐为电子受体的反应过程是一个消耗碱度的生物过程。     

Evaluation of the effectiveness of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands for different media

Two media bed (gravel and Filtralite NR) were tested in a mesocosm to evaluate the removal of organic matter (as chemical oxygen demand (COD)),ammonia (NH4-N),nitrite,nitrate and solid matter (as total suspended solids (TSS)) for a synthetic wastewater (acetate-based) and a domestic wastewater.The use of Filtralite allowed average removal rates (6–16.8 g COD/(m2·day),0.8–1.1 g NH4-N/(m2·day) and 3.1 g TSS/(m2·day)) and removal effciencies (65%–93%,57%–85% and 78% for COD,NH4-N and TSS,respectively),higher than that observed in the experiments with gravel.The applied loads of COD,ammonia,nitrate and TSS seem to influence the respective removal rates but only for the treatment of domestic wastewater with higher correlation coefficients for Filtralite.Regardless the type of media bed and the type of wastewater,nitrate was completely removed for nitrogen loading rates up to 1.3 g NO3-N/(m2·day).There was no evidence of the influence of nitrate loads on the removal of organic matter.     

Evaluation of the e ectiveness of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands for di erent media

Two media bed (gravel and Filtralite NR) were tested in a mesocosm to evaluate the removal of organic matter (as chemical oxygen demand (COD)), ammonia (NH4-N), nitrite, nitrate and solid matter (as total suspended solids (TSS)) for a synthetic wastewater (acetate-based) and a domestic wastewater. The use of Filtralite allowed average removal rates (6–16.8 g COD/(m2 day), 0.8–1.1 g NH4-N/(m2 day) and 3.1 g TSS/(m2 day)) and removal e ciencies (65%–93%, 57%–85% and 78% for COD, NH4-N and TSS, respectively), higher than that observed in the experiments with gravel. The applied loads of COD, ammonia, nitrate and TSS seem to influence the respective removal rates but only for the treatment of domestic wastewater with higher correlation coe cients for Filtralite. Regardless the type of media bed and the type of wastewater, nitrate was completely removed for nitrogen loading rates up to 1.3 g NO3-N/(m2 day). There was no evidence of the influence of nitrate loads on the removal of organic matter.