磁性壳聚糖微球吸附水中As(Ⅲ)的实验研究

文章主要考察实验室制得的乙二胺改性磁性壳聚糖微球对毒性高,迁移能力强的A(sⅢ)去除效果。通过单因素实验研究了pH值、吸附时间、A(sⅢ)溶液初始浓度和吸附剂投加量对磁性壳聚糖微球吸附除A(sⅢ)效果的影响。实验结果表明在pH值为2,吸附时间为90 min,磁性壳聚糖微球投加量为0.4 g时,对初始浓度为10 mg/L,体积为100 mL的A(sⅢ)溶液去除率达到96.96%,吸附后溶液中A(sⅢ)浓度仅为0.304 mg/L,低于我国污水综合排放标准中砷含量标准值。磁性壳聚糖微球的解吸实验表明,吸附剂解吸4次后,对A(sⅢ)的去除率仍达到95%以上,吸附性能稳定,具有较好的可重复利用性。因此,磁性壳聚糖微球是一种去除低浓度含砷废水非常有效的材料。     

CS-EGDE/Fe3O4凝胶微球对水中重金属离子的吸附性能及机理研究

以壳聚糖为代表的天然生物质自身含有大量活性基团能选择性吸附重金属离子,为重金属废水的高效经济处理提供了可能.本实验以壳聚糖为基材,采用原位共沉淀法和乙二醇二缩水甘油醚(EGDE)交联法共同作用制得CS-EGDE/Fe_3O_4凝胶微球吸附剂,通过电子扫描显微镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线能谱(EDS)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、饱和磁强分析(VSM)对样品进行了充分表征.通过静态吸附批实验及模拟固定床动态吸附实验,较系统的考察了凝胶微球在不同初始pH、接触时间和初始浓度下对多元重金属Pb(II)、Cu(II)、Zn(II)的吸附性能.结果表明:①CS-EGDE/Fe_3O_4凝胶微球内部孔隙发达,具有良好的超顺磁性;②吸附剂能够快速与重金属离子发生螯合反应,主要作用基团为-NH_3和-OH,且对重金属离子吸附符合准二级动力学,吸附过程可用Langmuir等温吸附方程描述,为单层化学吸附;③在多元吸附体系中发生拮抗作用,重金属竞争吸附顺序为Pb(II)Cu(II)Zn(II),主要是3种离子共价指数的差异导致了这一结果;④固定床在多元重金属模拟废水处理中表现出良好的去除效能,对Pb(II)、Cu(II)、Zn(II)的饱和吸附时间分别为13、8、2 h.研究显示, CS-EGDE/Fe_3O_4凝胶微球对水中重金属离子具有良好的吸附性能,有望为重金属废水处理提供一种新的研究思路和技术路线.     

复合磁性纳米凝胶球对典型抗生素的吸附特性

以复合磁性纳米凝胶球(Fe₃O₄@PVA-SA-PAC)为吸附剂,探究其对水中磺胺甲噁唑(SMX)、环丙沙星(CIP)、甲氧苄啶(TMP)抗生素类污染物去除效果,并分析pH、投加量、污染物初始浓度、吸附时间等因素对吸附过程的影响。结果表明:pH=3时最有利于抗生素吸附;吸附量随着初始浓度增大而上升,随着投加量增加而下降;3种抗生素吸附表现为物理吸附和化学吸附共存、均质单分子层吸附与非均质多分子层吸附共同作用的状态。其中SMX与CIP吸附更符合准二级动力学模型,而TMP更符合准一级动力学模型;温度为308 K时,Langmuir与Freundlich方程均达到较高拟合度(0.938≤R2≤0.998),此时SMX、TMP和CIP的最大吸附量分别为47.188,59.649,96.468 mg/g;竞争性吸附试验表明复合凝胶球可同时吸附多种目标抗生素污染物,具备良好吸附应用前景。     

交联壳聚糖微球的制备及吸附性能研究

采用反相悬浮戊二醛交联、NaBH4还原制备了壳聚糖微球树脂,红外光谱和光学显微镜对微球进行表征。研究了微球树脂对2,4-二氯苯酚的吸附性能,试验了吸附时间、pH值、酚的浓度和树脂用量等因素对吸附的影响。结果表明,在pH=7,吸附时间2h,对酚的去除率达80%。     

聚合多巴胺包覆的磁性微球吸附Cr(Ⅵ)

用聚合多巴胺(PDA)包覆溶剂热法制备Fe_3O_4磁性微球,得到Fe_3O_4@PDA复合材料,并采用红外光谱、扫描电镜、透射电镜对复合材料进行表征。同时,对Fe_3O_4@PDA吸附溶液中六价铬(Cr(Ⅵ))的性能进行研究,考察了溶液pH对其吸附性能的影响。结果表明:Fe_3O_4@PDA在溶液pH为3.0时对Cr(Ⅵ)有较好的吸附性能,其吸附动力学数据符合伪二级动力学方程,等温吸附符合Langmuir吸附模型,最大吸附容量达到108.8 mg/g,热力学实验计算出的吉布斯自由能为负值,表明Cr(Ⅵ)在Fe_3O_4@PDA的吸附为自发过程。     

羧甲基纤维素-壳聚糖聚电解质复合物微球的吸附性能

该文探讨了利用羧甲基纤维素 -壳聚糖聚电解质复合物微球作为吸附剂的研究 ,结果表明 ,复合微球对 Cu2 + 、Ni2 +、Co2 +具有良好的吸附性能     

羧甲基壳聚糖-葡聚糖微球对氟离子吸附性能研究

制备了高效复合生物吸附剂,并将其应用于脱除污染水体中的氟离子.实验采用羧甲基壳聚糖复配葡聚糖,以微球质构(硬度、弹性)和对氟离子的吸附率为指标,优化配比,制备羧甲基壳聚糖-葡聚糖复合微球,并利用扫描电镜表征微球结构,对微球在不同p H下的稳定性进行研究;然后以TGA/DTA测定其热稳定性,采用FTIR表征结构,并进一步探讨复合微球吸附氟离子的动力学和热力学.结果表明,羧甲基壳聚糖、葡聚糖最佳添加量分别为5%和1%,经5%的甲醛-戊二醛(1∶1)交联3 h,得到的复合微球在p H≤11、温度270℃下稳定性好,对水溶液中氟离子吸附为二级动力学机制,且微球与氟离子发生单层分子之间吸附,以及具有物理吸附特征的表面吸附,去除率可达到96%.研究结果对生物吸附剂的开发及对水环境保护具有一定意义.     

胺基化磁性壳聚糖微球固定化Candida tropicalis处理含酚废水研究

通过戊二醛将Candida tropicalis固定在胺基化磁性壳聚糖微球（NH2-M-CSm）上，探讨了游离Ct、磁性壳聚糖微球（M-CSm）固定化Ct和NH2-M-CSm固定化Ct除酚的最适条件。结果表明，游离Ct最适pH为5.5，M-CSm和NH2-M-CSm固定化Ct均在4-6之间；游离Ct最适温度为35℃，M-CSm和NH2-M-CSm固定化Ct均为30℃；NH2-M-CSm固定化Ct的热稳定性〉M-CSm固定化Ct〉游离Ct；离子强度对固定化Ct无影响，而对游离Ct有一定的影响；一价态离子对游离Ct和固定化Ct影响不大；二价态离子对游离Ct起抑制作用，而对固定化Ct起促进作用；三价态离子对游离Ct和固定化Ct均起抑制作用。通过实验还得知，固定化Ct可以通过再培养恢复酶活力，其半衰期至少为90 d。最后，在实际废水处理中，经3 h反应后，NH2-M-CSm固定化Ct除酚几乎达100%，而游离Ct只达到80%左右。     

铅模板交联壳聚糖对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附性能

研究了脱乙酰度、粒度和溶液pH值等因素对壳聚糖吸附铅离子性能的影响,得到了最佳吸附条件为壳聚糖脱乙酰度100%和溶液pH值6.5.在该条件下,壳聚糖与铅离子作用后,用戊二醛交联,然后用盐酸洗脱铅离子,合成了铅交联壳聚糖模板树脂.探讨了交联剂量对交联壳聚糖吸附性能的影响以及铅模板交联壳聚糖对金属离子的吸附性能.结果表明,在CHO/NH₂为0.75:1时合成交联壳聚糖树脂对铅离子有最大吸附量,并且该树脂对铅离子和铜离子有较高的选择性,在酸性条件下不会发生软化和溶解,重复使用性良好.     

磁性PEI功能化秸秆的制备及对Pb (Ⅱ)的吸附

为获得同时具有优良的吸附性能和磁分离特性的生物吸附材料,以汽爆秸秆为基质,采用戊二醛交联剂法制备了磁性聚乙烯亚胺功能化秸秆吸附剂（Fe₃O₄-PEI-RS）,通过SEM、XRD、FTIR、XPS和VSM等手段表征了材料的结构和性质,测定了Pb（Ⅱ）在Fe₃O₄-PEI-RS上的吸附性能,考察了pH、吸附时间、吸附剂投加量、Pb（Ⅱ）初始浓度、温度等因素对吸附的影响.结果表明,Fe₃O₄-PEI-RS对Pb（Ⅱ）的吸附具有强烈的pH依赖性;吸附时间对Pb（Ⅱ）的吸附效率有明显的影响,在180 min时吸附达到平衡,吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型;Langmuir和Freundlich模型都能很好地描述Pb（Ⅱ）在Fe₃O₄-PEI-RS上的吸附行为,20、30和40℃时最大吸附量分别为192.31、200.00和212.77 mg/g;热力学参数△G < 0,而焓变△H>0、△S>0,说明该吸附属于熵增加的自发吸热反应过程,升温有利于吸附.重复试验表明,EDTA作解吸剂,经5次吸附/解吸附循环后吸附剂仍能保持较高的吸附容量.研究显示,所制Fe₃O₄-PEI-RS对Pb（Ⅱ）具有较高的吸附容量,稳定性好、可循环利用,能在磁场下实现快速分离.      

Removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution by hydrous manganese dioxide: Adsorption behavior and mechanism

Hydrous manganese dioxide (HMO) synthesized by redox of potassium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide was used as an adsorbent for Pb(Ⅱ) removal.The specific surface area,pore volume and BJH pore diameter of the HMO were 79.31m2/g,0.07cm3/g and 3.38 nm,respectively.The adsorption equilibrium at 298K could be well described by the Langmuir isotherm equation with q max value of 352.55mg/g.The negative values of G and the positive values of H and S indicated the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic.The pseudo second-order equation could best fit the adsorption data.The value of the calculated activation energy for Pb(Ⅱ) adsorption onto the HMO was 38.23 kJ/mol.The uptake of Pb(Ⅱ) by HMO was correlated with increasing surface hydroxyl group content and the main adsorbed speciation was PbOH+.The final chemical state of Pb(Ⅱ) on the surface of HMO was similar to PbO.HMO was a promising candidate for Pb(Ⅱ) removal from aqueous solution.     

Novel eco-friendly spherical porous adsorbent fabricated from Pickering middle internal phase emulsions for removal of Pb(II) and Cd (II)

Spherical porous materials prepared from the emulsion template used in the water treat-ment have displayed a vast prospect,as the high surface area,abundant porous structure,convenient operation and excellent adsorption performance.But the tedious fabrication process,high consumption of organic solvent and surfactant limited the application widely.Herein,a facile and eco-friendly spherical porous adsorbent (SPA) is fabricated from the green surfactant-free (corn oil)-in-water Pickering medium internal phase emulsions (Pick-ering MIPEs) via the convenient ion crosslinking procedure.The Pickering MIPEs synergis-tically stabilized with the semi-coke (SC),which is the natural particle produced from the shale oil distillation,and sodium alginate (SA) has excellent storage and anti-coalescence stability.The as-prepared porous adsorbent possessed the abundant pore structure,which provided favorable conditions for effective mass transfer in adsorption,and could be tuned by varying the SA dosage.The saturation adsorption capacities of Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) can be achieved with 460.54 and 278.77 mg/g within 45 min at 25℃,respectively.Overall,this study supplied a viable and eco-friendly route for fabricating the spherical porous adsorbent with a tunable porous structure for heavy metal ion wastewater.     

新型介孔吸附剂的制备及吸附性能

采用挥发诱导自组装(EISA)技术,以乙醇为溶剂,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为结构导向剂,合成了孔径为5.4nm的巯基功能化介孔材料,并用FTIR、EA、N2吸附-脱附和XRD分析技术对介孔材料进行了表征.同时,以Cr3+、Pb2+为目标污染物,考察了介孔吸附剂对污染物的吸附性能.结果表明,介孔吸附剂的吸附性能受pH值(初始与终态值)、振荡时间、温度和重金属离子初始浓度的影响显著.在T=303K、pH=5、振荡时间为1h,振荡频率为150r·min-1,污染物初始浓度低于0.4mmol·L-1时,吸附剂对Cr3+、Pb2+的去除率分别在85%和90%以上.介孔吸附剂对Cu2+、Pb2+的等温吸附行为与Langmuir模型相吻合(R2>0.992).     

Pb（II） biosorption using chitosan and chitosan derivatives beads： Equilibrium, ion exchange and mechanism studies

The study examined the adsorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution onto chitosan, chitosan-GLA and chitosan-alginate beads. Several important parameters influencing the adsorption of Pb(II) ions such as initial pH, adsorbent dosage and di erent initial concentration of Pb(II) ions were evaluated. The mechanism involved during the adsorption process was explored based on ion exchange study and using spectroscopic techniques. The adsorption capacities obtained based on non–linear Langmuir isotherm for chitosan, chitosan-GLA and chitosan-alginate beads in single metal system were 34.98, 14.24 and 60.27 mg/g, respectively. However, the adsorption capacity of Pb(II) ions were reduced in the binary metal system due to the competitive adsorption between Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions. Based on the ion exchange study, the release of Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+ ions played an important role in the adsorption of Pb(II) ions by all three adsorbents but only at lower concentrations of Pb(II) ions. Infrared spectra showed that the binding between Pb(II) ions and the adsorbents involved mostly the nitrogen and oxygen atoms. All three adsorbents showed satisfactory adsorption capacities and can be considered as an e cient adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions.     

壳聚糖/聚乙二醇/丙烯酸吸附剂对Cu2+、Co2+和Ni2+的吸附选择性和重复利用性

采用扫描电镜(SEM)和红外光谱(FT-IR)对辉光放电电解等离子体(GDEP)技术引发制备的壳聚糖/聚乙二醇/丙烯酸(CS/PEG/AA)聚合物吸附剂的形貌和结构进行了表征.研究了该吸附剂对Cu~(2+)、Co~(2+)和Ni~(2+)的吸附选择性、重复利用性和解吸动力学行为,同时结合X射线光电子能谱(XPS)探讨了可能的吸附机理.结果表明,CS、PEG和AA发生接枝共聚形成聚合物,其表面呈现疏松、多孔的三维网络结构;吸附最佳pH为4.8;在含有Cu~(2+)、Co~(2+)和Ni~(2+)的混合溶液中,CS/PEG/AA对Cu~(2+)有较好的吸附选择性;在EDTA-4Na洗脱液中CS/PEG/AA具有优异的再生和重复利用性,解吸动力学符合解吸准二级模型;Cu~(2+)在CS/PEG/AA上的吸附是由离子交换、配位螯合等共同作用的复杂的物理化学过程.     

Adsorption of Co(Ⅱ) from aqueous solutions by water treatment residuals

A study on the removal of Co(Ⅱ) from aqueous solutions by water treatment residuals(WTR)was conducted in batch conditions. The sorption process of Co(Ⅱ) followed pseudosecondorder kinetics, with 30 hr required to reach equilibrium. Using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, a relatively high maximum sorption capacity of 17.31 mg/g Co(Ⅱ) was determined. The adsorption of Co(Ⅱ) was dependent on pH values and was affected by the ionic strength. Results show that Co(Ⅱ) adsorption was a spontaneous endothermic process and was favorable at high temperature. Most of the adsorbed Co(Ⅱ) stayed on the WTR permanently, whereas only small amounts of adsorbed Co(Ⅱ) were desorbed. The shifting of peaks in FT-IR spectra indicated that Co(Ⅱ) interacted with the WTR surface through strong covalent bond formation with Fe(Al)–O functional groups. It was concluded that WTR can be a suitable material from which to develop an efficient adsorbent for the removal of Co(Ⅱ) from wastewater.     

Amino-functionalized core-shell magnetic mesoporous composite microspheres for Pb(II) and Cd(II) removal

Amino-functionalized Fe3O4@mesoporous SiO/ core-shell composite microspheres NH2-MS in created in multiple synthesis steps have been investigated for Pb（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ） adsorption. The microspheres were characterized by transmission electron microscope （TEM）, scanning electron microscope （SEM）, N2 adsorption-desorption, zeta potential measurements and vibrating sample magnetometer. Batch adsorption tests indicated that NH2-MS exhibited higher adsorption affinity toward Pb（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ） than MS did. The Langmuir model could fit the adsorption isotherm very well with maximum adsorption capacity of 128.21 and 51.81 mg/g for Pb（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ）, respectively, implying that adsorption processes involved monolayer adsorption. Pb（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ） adsorption could be well described by the pseudo second-order kinetics model, and was found to be strongly dependent on pH and humic acid. The Pb（Ⅱ）- and Cd（Ⅱ）-loaded microspheres were effectively desorbed using 0.01 mol/L HC1 or EDTA solution. NH2-MS have promise for use as adsorbents in the removal of Pb（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ） in wastewater treatment processes.     

间苯二胺改性磁性壳聚糖对六价铬的还原-吸附协同作用机制研究

通过改进后的方法制备出具有良好颗粒形态的磁性壳聚糖颗粒,并使用间苯二胺(mPD)对其进行改性,在颗粒表面形成了一层含有大量含氮官能团的有机壳层,有效改善了颗粒的比表面积和活性官能团数量.通过序批实验法探究mPD改性磁性壳聚糖颗粒对六价铬Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附行为,实验结果显示初始pH为酸性有利于其对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除;吸附行为复合拟二级动力学模型,以化学吸附为主;在25℃、pH3条件下,由Langmuir等温线计算得吸附量可以达到212.21 mg·g~(-1),优于此前报道过的很多非纳米级新型磁性吸附剂;通过Redlich-Peterson模型的拟合和吸附反应前后的X射线光电子能谱分析,可知mPD改性磁性壳聚糖颗粒对六价铬Cr(Ⅵ)的去除是通过氧化还原反应和吸附作用协同进行的;经过6次吸附-解吸再生过程,mPD改性磁性壳聚糖颗粒仍具有100 mg·g~(-1)以上的吸附能力.综上,mPD改性磁性壳聚糖颗粒体现出其对Cr(Ⅵ)突出的去除性能,同时具有便于分离和再生能力强等特点,对于应用于含铬废水的处理具有良好的前景.     

磁性纳米材料吸附处理工业废水的研究进展

介绍了磁铁矿、磁赤铁矿、MFe2O4型铁氧体等几种常见的磁性纳米颗粒及其制备和功能化方法,综述了磁性纳米吸附剂在重金属废水、染料废水、含油废水、含酚废水吸附处理中的新研究进展.根据研究过程中所存在的问题总结并展望了磁性纳米吸附材料的未来发展趋势,在今后的研究可从吸附剂的制备优化、吸附机理、实用性和再生回用等方面展开探究...