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环境风险评估:防范外来物种入侵的新思路 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
环境保护部生物多样性保护办公室 《环境保护》2010,(10)
<正>外来入侵物种是导致生物多样性丧失的主要原因之一,我国是世界上遭受生物入侵危害最严重的国家之一。在经济全球化的大趋势下,国内外经贸活动更加频繁,为外来物种的入侵、传播、扩散提供了许多"捷径",外来物种入侵的可能性随之加 相似文献
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外来入侵物种已经成为危害我国生物多样性和生态环境的重要因素。本介绍了入侵我国的主要外来物种,分析了造成生物入侵的原因,并提出了防治措施。 相似文献
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外来入侵物种管理与生物多样性保护 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
外来物种是导致生物多样性丧失的最重要的因素,已成为严重的全球性环境问题之一。本文论述了外来入侵物种及其危害,以及对我国的影响及原因分析;介绍了国外外来物种的影响和管理,提出加强外来入侵物种管理的建议。 相似文献
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昆明近年来饱受生物入侵问题的困扰。通过收集和整理已出版的著作及文献,对昆明市外来入侵物种情况进行统计分析。结果显示共记录189种外来入侵物种,其中入侵植物111种,以菊科、豆科和禾本科植物为主,并比较了国内其他省、市外来入侵植物物种数前5的科的占比情况,其中昆明市和云南省有显著差异,但与河南、安徽、吉林等省市无显著差异;入侵动物中以昆虫类为主,占比为59.74%。从物种原产地来看,昆明市的外来入侵物种主要来自美洲地区,占全部入侵种数的52%。基于昆明市生物入侵形势比较严峻的现状,建议加强常态化监测与建立防控机制。 相似文献
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为保护生物多样性,分析了南通市崇川区生物多样性保护现状及生物多样性受威胁的原因:生境丧失与破碎化、外来物种入侵、资源过度开发和环境污染.依据崇川区物种分布现状、民情及经济发展状况,结合实地调查和文献资料,提出生物多样性保护对策.在物种保护方面,应做好生物多样性的长期监测、区域珍稀濒危种的保护,建立外来入侵物种监控体系;... 相似文献
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中国外来入侵物种的现状和趋势 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
外来入侵物种,在几年前这个名词还仅仅为少数科学家所知;现在,很多人都已经意识到它的危害了。也许我们要特别“感谢”一种来自遥远南美的陌生生物——食人鲳(又名食人鱼),因为2002年,正是那次沸沸扬扬的食人鲳事件,才使生物入侵的现实威胁实然呈现在人们的面前。中国的老百姓似乎在一夜之间就意识到,我国是世界上生物入侵危害最严重的国家之一。外来入侵物种已成为我国生物安全的重大威胁。由于地域辽阔,气候类型复杂多样,来自世界各地的大多数外来物种都可能在我国找到合适的栖息地,全国各省、 相似文献
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生物入侵的危害与管理对策 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
随着国际贸易往来和旅游业的发展,生物入侵在我国不断加剧,正在成为威胁我国生物多样性与生态环境的重要因素之一。外来入侵种的生态代价是造成本地物种多样性不可弥补的消失以及物种的灭绝,其经济代价是农林牧渔业产量与质量的惨重损失与高额的防治费用。文章探讨了外来入侵生物在我国的危害状况、过程、入侵原因,提出了外来入侵生物的预防及管理对策。 相似文献
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The spread of invasive alien species (IAS) has become an increasingly important environmental, social and economic issue in almost all regions of the world. To have the capacity to effectively counter the effects of invasions, besides basic research on invasion processes and the ecological impacts of IAS, there is a need to get an information and better understanding of the effectiveness of biological control and its social acceptability. Conservation practitioners are a particular group of stakeholders as they act in the first line to undertake control actions again IAS spread. Yet, not many research was done to deliver quantitative, comprehensive information on practitioners’ knowledge and attitudes towards IAS. In this paper, we present a study from Poland—a country with relatively well preserved nature, yet currently facing the problem of biological invasions in the terrestrial and aquatic environments. We investigated nature conservation practitioners’ knowledge of biological invasions, their views on the principles and methods of IAS control, and their degree of acceptance of control methods. We conducted a survey among people professionally involved in nature conservation in Poland and collected 916 questionnaires (out of 3330 sent). Overall, we find that conservation practitioners in Poland accept the use of radical methods of control, yet they differ about the use of various types of control method, and about the various control methods application to various systematic groups. Also, the level of practitioners’ knowledge is rather limited—both in relation to correct identification of IAS, as well as to knowledge on legal regulations. We also highlight significant differences between decision-makers and professionals not perceiving themselves as decisive over IAS management. We show examples suggesting that nature conservation practitioners may not hold well-formed opinions on the principles and methods of dealing with alien species. This is surely an important deficit to overcome to enhance the effectiveness of IAS control. 相似文献
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在村镇建设和国土空间生态修复中,植物配置对区域生态安全和人居环境健康会产生一定的潜在影响,特别是外来植物容易产生的入侵风险和危害.为掌握贵州省赤水河流域村镇建设中外来植物组成、分布和生态风险,选择某河谷型村镇,在其建成区和非建成区布设了49个样点,调查与分析了外来植物的种类组成、分布特征及地形因素影响,并应用层次分析法(AHP)评估了37种外来植物的入侵风险.结果表明:①该河谷型村镇共发现植物276种,隶属于99科230属.其中,外来植物37种,隶属于18科32属,草本植物种数最多,占外来植物总数的64.9%,外来植物中有22种来源于美洲.②外来植物主要分布在海拔400~650 m之间.外来植物种数与入侵强度呈极显著正相关(P < 0.01),与海拔、乡土植物种数均呈极显著负相关(P < 0.01),海拔对外来植物种数影响最大,贡献率为68.7%,入侵强度和乡土植物种数的贡献率分别为12.4%和9.6%.③37种外来植物中入侵风险等级为高级的有13种(占35.1%),包括小蓬草(Conyza canadensis L.Cronq.)、反枝苋(Amaranthus retroflexus L.)、三叶鬼针草(Bidens pilosa L)和土荆芥(Ysphania ambrosioides L.)等,入侵风险等级为中级和低级的分别为13种和10种.研究显示,该河谷型村镇外来植物分布受海拔和乡土植物影响,低海拔地区外来植物较多;入侵风险等级为高级的外来植物有13种,建成区和非建成区分布相差不大.研究结果可为该河谷型小镇对入侵风险等级为高级的外来植物进行生态风险防控和乡土植物的合理开发利用提供支撑. 相似文献
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通过野外实地调查,对辽宁省的4个国家级自然保护区外来入侵植物的种类数量和分布现状进行了调查分析。结果表明,老铁山、鸭绿江口、医巫闾山、九龙川4个自然保护区内的外来入侵植物分别为27,10,7和6种,总计16科36种。依据保护区内外来入侵植物的特点和生态影响,提出了一些有效的管理措施和防治建议。 相似文献
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Bio-invasion has caused serious ecosystem damage and enormous economic losses in China, and it has been the greatest factor to island bio-diversity reduction. Xiamen, as an important seaport with a relatively high conservation value, is particularly vulnerable to bio-invasion for its typical island ecosystem as well as frequent human-made disturbance. As a result of field surveys, literature review, and consultation with experts, a list of 67 alien plants identified as major invaders (12 species) and emerging invaders (55 species) in Xiamen has been compiled. Based on the analysis of the current situation of bio-invasion in Xiamen, a risk assessment system for alien plant invasion has been designed using a ranking system and an analytic hierarchy process. The system consists of 17 secondary indices, grouped into 6 primary indices reflecting the different stages in the bio-invasion process: introduction, establishment, dispersion, current range, infestation, and artificial control. Biogeographical, ecological, and experience-linked aspects of the species as well as artificial disturbance were taken into account in the index selection and criterion development. The system was then validated (and worked well) using fifty well-known alien plant species as candidates. Appropriate recommendations are proposed to help local policy-makers prioritize their decisions on such alien plants. 相似文献