Fe掺杂PTFE-PbO2/TiO2-NTs/Ti电极的制备、表征及电催化性能

采用电沉积法制备了Fe掺杂PTFE-PbO2/TiO2-NTs/Ti、PbO2/TiO2-NTs/Ti、PbO2/Ti 3种电极,运用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪观察表面形貌与形态,通过线性扫描伏安法在0.1 mol·L-1的H2SO4中测定电极的析氧极化曲线.以对硝基酚(p-NP)为目标污染物,考察了电极的电催化活性,在20 mA.cm-2电流密度下降解100 mg·L-1 p-NP,120 min时表观速率常数分别为0.0370 min-1、0.0265 min-1和0.0180 min-1,COD去除率分别为77.38%、74.07%、66.18%,研究发现在相同的条件下Fe掺杂PTFE-PbO2/TiO2-NTs/Ti性能更佳,矿化更完全.     

溴代二噁英同位素稀释气相色谱/三重四极质谱法(GC/MS/MS)的建立与应用

建立了高灵敏度和高选择性的同位素稀释气相色谱/三重四极质谱法测定14种2,3,7,8位溴取代的二噁英同类物的痕量分析方法.结果表明,14种二噁英毒性同类物的平均相对响应因子的相对标准偏差均小于20%;校正曲线在0.1—500μg·L-1范围内显示良好线性(R20.99).仪器的检出限为0.08—4.00μg·L-1,满足PBDD/Fs的痕量分析需求.为验证方法的适用性,以再生铜冶炼飞灰样品为研究对象,利用所建立的方法测定了14种PBDD/Fs的含量,样品回收率范围在45%—120%之间,表明该方法可用于实际环境样品中PBDD/Fs的定性和定量分析.     

UV/H2O2/TiO2催化氧化法对油田采出水中多环芳烃的处理效果

针对油田采出水中含有多环芳烃种类多且较难去除的特点,选取了菲和芴两种代表性多环芳烃作为研究对象,采用UV/H2O2/TiO2技术对油田采出水中多环芳烃的处理效果进行了研究;考察了在254 nm波长紫外光照射下,TiO2投加量、H2O2投加量、pH值和光照时间对水样中的菲和芴处理效果的影响.实验结果显示,处理初始浓度为1000μg.L-1的菲、芴时,TiO2用量为2.2 g.L-1、H2O2用量为0.12 mmol.L-1、pH值为7、光照时间1.5 h时,去除效果较好.     

TiO2/Li4Ti5O12/Na2Ti6O13复合催化剂的制备、表征及其光催化活性

采用反相微乳法,制备了TiO2/Li4Ti5O12/Na2Ti6O13复合催化剂,运用TG-DSC、XRD、SEM等分析方法对催化剂进行表征.在紫外光(λ=365 nm)照射下,以2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-DCP)作为目标污染物,用P-25型TiO2作对照,研究了TiO2/Li4Ti5O12/Na2Ti6O13复合催化剂光催化降解2,4-DCP的特性.结果表明,制备的TiO2/Li4Ti5O12/Na2Ti6O13复合催化剂成带状纳米结构,其长度大于5μm,宽度约60 nm,厚度小于30 nm,结晶良好,分散性高,在紫外光照射下,50 min内对20 mg·L-1的2,4-DCP降解率达到了99.8%,表现出了比P-25型TiO2更高的光催化活性.     

Pd/Fe和Ni/Fe二元金属去除水体中莠去津的比较

对比Ni/Fe和Pd/Fe二元金属对莠去津的催化降解特性.结果表明,在相同反应条件下(C0=20.0mg·l-1,pH=3.0,金属添加量为1.0g),与Fe0相比,Pd/Fe对莠去津表现出比Ni/Fe更加明显的催化脱氯效果,反应75min,Fe0对莠去津的脱氯效率为7.09%,Ni/Fe达到99.11%,而Pd/Fe反应30min就能够100%还原莠去津.通过SEM,XRS和BET-N2测试,Pd以无定形状态分布在Fe0的表面,有利于比表面积的增大,Ni/Fe和Pd/Fe的比表面积分别为11.671和16.94m2·g-1;而且Pd/Fe对H2有非常强的吸附能力,1cm3的Pd在常温下能够吸附1000ml H2,最高能够达到2800ml.体系pH值对Ni/Fe和Pd/Fe催化莠去津的影响非常大,pH=2.0时, Pd/Fe反应15min能够100%降解莠去津;pH=3.0时,30min达到完全降解;pH=4.0和未调节pH条件下,75min的脱氯效率只有82.55%和46.5%.     

加速溶剂萃取-超高效液相色谱/大气压化学电离/串联三重四极杆质谱法同时检测土壤中7种溴代阻燃剂

正溴代阻燃剂(BFRs)是一种广泛应用于纺织、塑料以及电子电器产品中的卤素有机阻燃剂,主要包括多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)、六溴环十二烷(HBCD)和四溴双酚A(TBBPA).这些化合物具有高亲脂性、难降解性和生物积累性的毒性特征.BFRs广泛存在于水体、土壤、大气及生物体内,并可对生物体的神经系统和内分泌系统造成难以逆转的损害.采用气相色谱(GC)分析BFRs时,HBCD易发生异构体间的相互转化,无法区分HBCD的3种异构体.且HBCD和     

GC/MS/MS分析复杂基体中痕量组分的优越性

在现代实验室中,GC/MS用于痕量分析极为普遍,要求更低的检测限而被分析样品的基体越来越复杂的情况由来已久.……     

生物膜法A/O/O工艺城市污水脱氮处理的挂膜启动

生物膜法A/O/O脱氮系统处理城市污水中试挂膜启动研究结果表明:挂膜启动的关键在于进行硝化处理的二级生物接触氧化池能否培养出以硝化菌为优势菌种的成熟生物膜。试验中水温、气水比和进水氨氮负荷是影响挂膜启动的主要因素。为加速挂膜启动,水温不宜低于15℃;挂膜初期在保证供氧充足的情况下最好采用较小的气水比,而后气水比可逐渐随DO的实际需求作相应的调整,同时保持出水DO不低于4mg/L,5.5～6mg/L时效果较好;启动期内氨氮负荷宜低于0.6kg/(m3·d)。     

SO2-4/TiO2对SO2-C7H16-TiO2复相光化学反应的影响

研究了TiO2与SO2,C7H16复相光化学反应的光催化活性.在SO2-C7H16-O2-TiO2光催化反应过程中,TiO2表面可形成SO2-4/TiO2结构,它的存在可提高庚烷的光催化氧化速率,利用IR和XPS研究了反应过程中TiO2表面形成的SO2-4/TiO2结构.     

Chemical poison and regeneration of SCR catalysts for NOx removal from stationary sources

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO_x with NH₃ is an effective technique to remove NO_x from stationary sources, such as coal-fired power plant and industrial boilers. Some of elements in the fly ash deactivate the catalyst due to strong chemisorptions on the active sites. The poisons may act by simply blocking active sites or alter the adsorption behaviors of reactants and products by an electronic interaction. This review is mainly focused on the chemical poisoning on V₂O₅-based catalysts, environmental-benign catalysts and low temperature catalysts. Several common poisons including alkali/alkaline earth metals, SO₂ and heavy metals etc. are referred and their poisoning mechanisms on catalysts are discussed. The regeneration methods of poisoned catalysts and the development of poison-resistance catalysts are also compared and analyzed. Finally, future research directions in developing poisoning resistance catalysts and facile efficient regeneration methods for SCR catalysts are proposed.     

Cu/Cr co-stabilization mechanisms in a simulated Al2O3-Fe2O3-Cr2O3-CuO waste system

• Cu and Cr can be mostly incorporated into CuFe_xAl_yCr_2−x−yO₄ with a spinel structure. • Spinel phase is the most crucial structure for Cu and Cr co-stabilization. • Compared to Al, Fe and Cr are easier to be incorporated into the spinel structure. • ‘Waste-to-resource’ by thermal process at attainable temperatures can be achieved. Chromium slag usually contains various heavy metals, making its safe treatment difficult. Glass-ceramic sintering has been applied to resolve this issue and emerged as an effective method for metal immobilization by incorporating heavy metals into stable crystal structures. Currently, there is limited knowledge about the reaction pathways adopted by multiple heavy metals and the co-stabilization functions of the crystal structure. To study the Cu/Cr co-stabilization mechanisms during thermal treatment, a simulated system was prepared using a mixture with a molar ratio of Al₂O₃:Fe₂O₃:Cr₂O₃:CuO= 1:1:1:3. The samples were sintered at temperatures 600–1300°C followed by intensive analysis of phase constitutions and microstructure development. A spinel phase (CuFe_xAl_yCr_2−x−yO₄) started to generate at 700°C and the incorporation of Cu/Cr into the spinel largely complete at 900°C, although the spinel peak intensity continued increasing slightly at temperatures above 900°C. Fe₂O₃/Cr₂O₃ was more easily incorporated into the spinel at lower temperatures, while more Al₂O₃ was gradually incorporated into the spinel at higher temperatures. Additionally, sintered sample microstructures became more condensed and smoother with increased sintering temperature. Cu / Cr leachability substantially decreased after Cu/Cr incorporation into the spinel phase at elevated temperatures. At 600°C, the leached ratios for Cu and Cr were 6.28% and 0.65%, respectively. When sintering temperature was increased to 1300°C, the leached ratios for all metal components in the system were below 0.2%. This study proposes a sustainable method for managing Cu/Cr co-exist slag at reasonable temperatures.     

KMnO4/H2SO4引发制备淀粉改性絮凝剂的研究

以高锰酸钾为引发剂,制备淀粉-丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物.研究酸浓度、引发剂浓度、单体浓度、温度和加料方式对接枝反应的影响.结果表明,少量KMnO4(0.45mmol·l-1)和H2SO4(0.8mmol·l-1)可有效引发淀粉-丙烯酰胺接枝共聚反应,接枝效率达到90%以上,分子量大大提高,对高岭土的絮凝效果较好.     

大气CO2、CH4、CO高精度观测混合标气配制方法

高精度、高准确度的大气CO2、CH4、CO浓度观测需使用以干洁大气为底气的标气.标气中水汽含量及CO2的δ13C对基于光学原理的观测系统有不可忽视的影响.本研究利用自组装的混合标气配制系统,以环境大气为底气,并通过添加高浓度气体或利用吸附剂吸附,调节目标物种浓度.CO2和CO吸附效率分别达99.7%和99.8%,标气水汽含量小于3.7×10-6(物质的量分数,下同),可配制不同浓度范围的CO2、CH4、CO混合标气.在青海瓦里关全球大气本底站配制环境大气浓度范围的标气,CO2、CH4、CO实际配制浓度同目标浓度的偏差小于10×10-6、30×10-9、30×10-9,CO2中δ13C同实际大气接近.本方法配制的标气已应用于我国本底站大气CO2、CH4、CO高精度观测,符合世界气象组织/全球大气观测(WMO/GAW)质量要求.     

Simultaneous removal of NOx and chlorobenzene on V2O5/TiO2 granular catalyst: Kinetic study and performance prediction

• A V₂O₅/TiO₂ granular catalyst for simultaneous removal of NO and chlorobenzene. • Catalyst synthesized by vanadyl acetylacetonate showed good activity and stability. • The kinetic model was established and the synergetic activity was predicted. • Both chlorobenzene oxidation and SCR of NO follow pseudo-first-order kinetics. • The work is of much value to design of multi-pollutants emission control system. The synergetic abatement of multi-pollutants is one of the development trends of flue gas pollution control technology, which is still in the initial stage and facing many challenges. We developed a V₂O₅/TiO₂ granular catalyst and established the kinetic model for the simultaneous removal of NO and chlorobenzene (i.e., an important precursor of dioxins). The granular catalyst synthesized using vanadyl acetylacetonate precursor showed good synergistic catalytic performance and stability. Although the SCR reaction of NO and the oxidation reaction of chlorobenzene mutually inhibited, the reaction order of each reaction was not considerably affected, and the pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics was still followed. The performance prediction of this work is of much value to the understanding and reasonable design of a catalytic system for multi-pollutants (i.e., NO and dioxins) emission control.     

3D flower-like mesoporous Bi4O5I2/MoS2 Z-scheme heterojunction with optimized photothermal-photocatalytic performance

3D flower-like hierarchical mesoporous Bi₄O₅I₂/MoS₂ Z-scheme layered heterojunction photocatalyst was fabricated by oil bath and hydrothermal methods. The heterojunction with narrow band gap of ～1.95 eV extended the photoresponse to near-infrared region, which showed obvious photothermal effect due to the introduction of MoS₂ with broad spectrum response. MoS₂ nanosheets were anchored onto the surface of flower-like hierarchical m...     

Fe2O3-CeO2-Bi2O3/γ-Al2O3 catalyst in the catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of cationic red GTL under mild reaction conditions

Fe₂O₃-CeO₂-Bi₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃, an environmental friendly material, was investigated. The catalyst exhibited good catalytic performance in the CWAO of cationic red GTL. The apparent activation energy for the reaction was 79 kJ·mol⁻¹. HO₂· and O₂·⁻ appeared as the main reactive species in the reaction. The Fe₂O₃-CeO₂-Bi₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst, a novel environmental-friendly material, was used to investigate the catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of cationic red GTL under mild operating conditions in a batch reactor. The catalyst was prepared by wet impregnation, and characterized by special surface area (BET measurement), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The Fe₂O₃-CeO₂-Bi₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst exhibited good catalytic activity and stability in the CWAO under atmosphere pressure. The effect of the reaction conditions (catalyst loading, degradation temperature, solution concentration and initial solution pH value) was studied. The result showed that the decolorization efficiency of cationic red GTL was improved with increasing the initial solution pH value and the degradation temperature. The apparent activation energy for the reaction was 79 kJ·mol⁻¹. Hydroperoxy radicals (HO₂·) and superoxide radicals (O₂⁻·) appeared as the main reactive species upon the CWAO of cationic red GTL.     

食蚊鱼(Gambusia afinis)cat、gapdh和gst基因的克隆及其在生态毒理学中的应用

根据Ensembl、Genbank登录的鱼类cat、gapdh和gst基因的CDS序列设计普通PCR扩增引物,寻找食蚊鱼的cat、gapdh和gst基因的c DNA片段,并根据定量引物设计要求设计出相应的SYBR Green I荧光定量RT-q PCR引物,建立了食蚊鱼cat、gapdh和gst基因的SYBR Green I荧光定量RT-q PCR方法。该方法在104~108数量级范围内有良好线性关系(R=0.999~1.000);熔解曲线显示扩增产物特异性良好,均为单一峰值;质粒标准品最高浓度与最低浓度的批内试验变异系数与批间试验变异系数均低于2%。利用该方法监测和评价环境污染物对水生生物的影响,选择了水体中常见典型药物污染物——双氯芬酸,研究其对食蚊鱼抗氧化基因表达的影响。结果表明,雌性食蚊鱼暴露在不同浓度双氯芬酸钠(0.005、0.05、0.5和5 mg·L-1)24 h后,其肝脏cat、gapdh和gst的mRNA呈现显著变化,相对于对照组,在低浓度0.005 mg·L-1时,cat与gst mRNA的表达量均有极显著上升(p0.01),而其它浓度均极显著下降(p0.01)。试验表明该方法具有快速、精确、灵敏度高的优点,可为利用该类小型鱼类的原位污染物的生物监测和生态毒理评价提供有力的技术支持。     

六铝酸盐负载CuO催化还原NO性能

采用共沉淀法制备了LaAl12O19六铝酸盐载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备了不同负载量的CuO/LaAl12O19催化剂,并对其进行了XRD、H2-TPR和BET表征,考察了催化剂对CH4选择催化还原NO的性能.结果表明,CuO的负载并未改变六铝酸盐载体的结构,Cu在载体上以Cu2+的形式存在,活性组分CuO与载体LaAl12O19之间存在协同作用;CuO/LaAl12O19催化剂对CH4选择催化还原NO表现出良好活性,所制备的催化剂均能使NO的转化率达到99%;其中负载量为1.0 wt%的CuO/LaAl12O19催化剂的活性最好,完全反应温度T99%为560℃,且在80 h稳定性试验中表现出了良好的高温活性和热稳定性.