微塑料吸附机制研究进展

微塑料(MPs)广泛存在于土壤和水体环境中,可以充当载体影响污染物的二次释放和生物毒性,对生态环境造成巨大威胁.了解MPs的吸附机制有助于明确MPs对污染物的富集能力和潜在环境风险.本研究总结了MPs与亲水、疏水和重金属污染物之间相互作用机制,探讨了MPs性质、老化过程及环境因素对MPs吸附行为的影响,剖析了现阶段吸附...     

微塑料老化对其在环境中的吸附行为及光敏行为的影响

微塑料来源广泛,老化后其物理化学性质会发生明显改变,表现出与原生微塑料不同的行为特征,对生态环境产生潜在的风险。该文概述了老化微塑料的来源及老化特征,综述了关于微塑料老化对其在环境中的吸附行为及光敏行为影响的研究进展。微塑料老化后表面形貌、官能团、结晶度的改变会影响其比表面积、内部高分子链排列、润湿性、表面电荷、与污染物间的静电相互作用等,进而影响其对环境中有机物、金属离子的吸附行为。同时,微塑料光老化产生的环境持久性自由基和活性氧化物会影响微塑料的自氧化过程,也会对有机物的光敏行为产生影响。最后该文着眼于当前相关研究的不足之处,对今后研究的重点方向进行展望,以期为未来老化微塑料的相关研究提供参考。     

微塑料模拟老化及其对污染物吸附行为影响研究进展

微塑料在环境中被广泛检出,进入环境中的微塑料普遍发生着缓慢而复杂的老化过程,影响其与环境中其他污染物的相互作用。该文从微塑料的老化方法、理化性质变化、污染物吸附能力及相互作用机制等几个方面进行了归纳总结。微塑料的老化方法主要涉及物理方法、化学方法、生物方法等。物理老化方法有人为作用、光催化老化、侵蚀作用等;化学老化方法主要包括酸、碱、氧化处理等;生物老化方法主要是动植物、微生物、降解酶等对微塑料的作用。不同方法具有各自的特点和适用性。各种老化处理对微塑料表面物理性质都有不同程度的影响。老化后的微塑料表面出现更多褶皱,比表面积增加,孔隙度、结晶度等都发生变化;大多老化方法对微塑料的化学性质无明显影响,但UV（紫外光）老化、自然风化等对微塑料的性质影响较大,表面含氧官能团增加,促进了其对污染物的吸附作用。老化微塑料能与环境中的重金属、有机污染物发生吸附作用,微塑料性质、老化方法、污染物性质和环境因素等都会影响微塑料的吸附行为。老化后微塑料吸附性能普遍增强,主要通过疏水作用、静电作用、络合作用、氢键、范德华力、π–π相互作用吸附其他污染物。针对目前微塑料老化及其与污染物的相互作用研究中存在的...     

微塑料对环境中有机污染物吸附解吸的研究进展

微塑料已成为新的全球性环境污染问题。作为强吸附剂,微塑料可以吸附共存的有机污染物,进而改变其环境行为和毒性;也可以通过解吸作用促进污染物在不同介质中的迁移。因而,微塑料与有机污染物的相互作用强度和机理是全面评估两者的环境风险和深度研究微塑料毒性机制的必要信息。目前微塑料研究处于快速发展的起始阶段,加之微塑料本身成分、粒径、表面风化情况的复杂性及共存有机污染物的多样性使两者的相互作用十分复杂,亟需理清微塑料吸附解吸作用的影响因素和相关机制。因而,本文详细综述了微塑料对有机污染物吸附解吸作用的研究进展,并着重从微塑料性质(成分、粒径和表面风化)、有机污染物性质和水环境介质性质方面探讨了吸附的影响因素和相互作用机制,希望为微塑料吸附有机污染物及吸附的后续影响研究提供借鉴与参考。     

微塑料吸附有机污染物的研究进展

微塑料作为一种新型环境污染物在全球环境介质中普遍存在,其存在可能会影响传统有机污染物的分布、迁移和环境归趋.微塑料本身具有强疏水特性和较大的比表面积,使其能够有效地吸附有机污染物并将其输送到生物体内,从而改变微塑料潜在的环境风险.微塑料与有机污染物之间的相互作用机制主要受二者自身的理化性质,及溶液pH、温度、盐度、溶解性有机质和老化作用等环境因素的影响.本文从微塑料的基本特性、与有机污染物的作用机制、环境影响因素,以及二者复合对有机污染物生物有效性的影响等方面进行了综述,并提出微塑料与有机污染物相互作用研究中亟需解决的问题和未来的研究方向.     

不同类型生物炭对水体中微塑料的吸附性能

微塑料自生的毒性和富集作用会极大地危害生物健康.不同原材料,生物炭结构组成不同,吸附特性也不一样.探究不同类型生物炭对微塑料的吸附性能及吸附机理,有助于为生物炭吸附去除水体中微塑料的材料选择提供理论依据.本研究使用3种有机废弃物制备成的生物炭(污泥炭,秸秆炭,梧桐皮炭)对微塑料PET(6.5 μm)进行吸附试验,通过比...     

微塑料对普萘洛尔在针铁矿上吸附的影响

本实验研究了微塑料对新兴污染物普萘洛尔在针铁矿上吸附行为的影响,探讨了针铁矿、微塑料及微塑料共存时针铁矿对普萘洛尔的吸附动力学、吸附等温线,考察了pH、腐殖酸浓度、离子强度对普萘洛尔吸附行为的影响.结果表明,普萘洛尔在3种吸附剂上的吸附动力学均符合伪二阶动力学模型,吸附等温线均符合Langmuir等温吸附模型.对比发现,普萘洛尔的吸附效率顺序为微塑料>微塑料+针铁矿>针铁矿.溶液pH值在2—6时,微塑料对普萘洛尔在针铁矿上吸附的影响较弱,当溶液pH值大于6时,微塑料能显著影响普萘洛尔在针铁矿上吸附.普萘洛尔在3种吸附剂上的吸附量随着腐殖酸浓度的增加而增加,且对普萘洛尔在针铁矿上吸附的促进作用最强.同时,Ca²⁺的加入对普萘洛尔的吸附抑制较强.本文的研究结果可为全面认识微塑料共存时污染物在环境中的迁移行为提供基础数据.     

聚苯乙烯微塑料对土壤吸附泰乐菌素的影响过程和机制

以聚苯乙烯(PS)微粒和泰乐菌素(TYL)为研究对象,选取我国不同地区、不同性质农田土壤,通过吸附动力学和热力学试验研究微塑料添加对土壤吸附TYL的影响。结果表明,添加PS条件下4种土壤吸附TYL的能力显著提高,其中,PS对黏质土壤吸附TYL能力的提高作用大于壤土;土壤中w=1%的PS没有明显改变4种土壤对TYL的吸附过程,吸附过程能较好地用准二级动力学模型(R²>0.97)拟合,通过颗粒内扩散模型判断原土壤和含PS土壤对TYL的吸附过程分为外部扩散、颗粒内扩散和吸附平衡3个阶段。土壤对TYL的吸附等温线可以用Freundlich和Langmuir方程进行较好的拟合(R²>0.97)。添加PS后土壤吸附TYL的能力随pH值和离子强度的增加均有一定程度减弱,且达到显著性差异,其吸附机制为以疏水作用和静电作用为主导的多相吸附。     

常见微塑料的自然光解老化

微塑料是一种新型环境污染物,对生态环境有重要的影响.本研究分析了几种常见塑料产品的主要成分,并探究了自然光解老化前后微塑料红外光谱的变化情况,通过与标准谱图比对,所选塑料样品分别属于聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET).红外结果表明,微塑料老化基本都伴随苯环、羰基与羟基的生成.此外,微塑料自然...     

Adsorption and removal of antimony from aqueous solution by an activated Alumina

The adsorption of Sb(V) ions from aqueous solutions onto commercially available activated alumina (AA) was investigated. AA has a much higher adsorption capacity than presently used adsorbents. Sb(V) ions are likely adsorbed through electrostatic attraction and/or specific adsorption mechanism, while the optimum pH is found in the range of 2.8–4.3. The Sb(V) ions adsorption capacities increase with increasing temperature. The addition of nitrate, acetate, arsenite, chloride, and silicate ions affected Sb(V) ions adsorption only slightly, while the coexisting ascorbate, arsenate, phosphate, sulfate, EDTA, tartrate, and citrate ions substantially depressed Sb(V) ions adsorption.     

Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution by chemically treated water hyacinth

Water hyacinth (WH), an aquatic plant macrophyte, was investigated for its ability to perform as a suitable adsorbent for methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. The non-living biomass of WH was subjected to several chemical treatments, namely, washing with hot water, washing with hot dilute HCl, soaking in NaOH, soaking in HNO₃, and sulfonation. The system variables studied also include pH and MB concentration. The Langmuir isotherm was found to represent the measured adsorption data well except for WH soaked in NaOH, which was found to be better represented by the Freundlich isotherm. Values of the dimensionless separation factor, K _R, indicated that the adsorption systems in this study are all favorable. Values of the first layer of adsorption were calculated by the non-linear multilayer adsorption model, and the specific surface area values were found to be high and comparable to commercially activated carbons.     

Biosorption of hexavalent chromium and malachite green from aqueous effluents,using Cladophora sp.

Biosorption potential of green macroalgae Cladophora sp., (GAC) for the removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) and malachite green (MG) from aqueous medium was investigated. Optimal conditions for biosorption experiments were determined as a function of initial pH, GAC dosage, temperature and initial concentration of Cr(VI) and MG. The biosorption equilibrium data were fitted with the isotherm models of Langmuir, Freundlich, Kiselev, Frumkin and Jovanovic, while the experimental data were analysed using the kinetic models such as pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Ritchie's and intraparticle diffusion. The Langmuir maximum biosorption capacity was calculated as 100.00?mg/g (Cr(VI)) and 142.85?mg/g (MG). The biosorption kinetic data showed better agreement with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The thermodynamic parameters indicated spontaneous and endothermic nature of the biosorption process for Cr(VI) removal, whereas exothermic in the case of MG removal. Furthermore, the biosorption efficiencies of the GAC reusability were found significant up to five cycles and tested using 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0?M HCl, respectively. The results of the present study indicated that GAC is a suitable biosorbent for the sequestration of Cr(VI) and MG from aqueous solutions.     

Removal of Methylene Blue from aqueous solution by marine green alga Ulva lactuca

Biosorption of colours is an important technology for treatment of different types of industrial wastewaters containing dyes. The objective of this study was to convert green alga Ulva lactuca to dye adsorbents for wastewater treatment. The importance of commonly available green alga Ulva lactuca was investigated as viable biomaterials for the biological treatment of synthetic basic blue 9 (5-ch1oro-N,N,N^',N^'-tetramethyl-5λ⁴-phenothiazine-3,7-diamine) effluents. The results obtained from the batch experiments revealed the ability of the green algae to remove the basic blue 9, and this was dependent on the dye concentration, pH, and algal biomass. We investigated the equilibrium and kinetics of adsorption, and the Langmuir and Freundlich equations were used to fit the equilibrium isotherm. The adsorption isotherm of basic blue 9 followed both the Langmuir and Freundlich models with a correlation coefficient of ∼0.96-0.99, and the adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model (R²=1.0). The maximum adsorption capacity was about 40.2 mg of dye per gram of dry green algae at pH 10, 25 g l^-1 dye and 2.5 g l^-1 alga concentrations. This study demonstrated that the green algae could be used as an effective biosorbent for the treatment of dye-containing wastewater streams.     

Adsorption of cadmium from aqueous solution using Rooibos shoots as adsorbent

The use of Rooibos shoots, a natural adsorbent, for cadmium removal from wastewater is proposed. The effects of initial pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and initial concentration were investigated in the batch adsorption mode. The optimum pH was found to be 5.5. Isotherm and kinetic data were modeled; the data fitted best to the Freundlich model, and, kinetically, the adsorption was of pseudo-second order as shown by the high R² value of 0.9928 along with close agreement between the experimental q_e (13.9 mg g^?1) and calculated q_e (14.24 mg g^?1) values. The studied biomass material was found to be effectively used for removal of cadmium from contaminated mine wastewater.     

Adsorption of humic acid from aqueous solution on bilayer hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide-modified zeolite

Surfactant-modified natural zeolites (SMNZ) with different coverage types were prepared by loading hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (HTAB) onto the surface of a natural zeolite. The adsorption behavior of humic acid (HA) on SMNZ was investigated. Results indicate that the adsorbent SMNZ exhibited a higher affinity toward HA than the natural zeolite. HA removal efficiency by SMNZ increased with HTAB loading. Coexisting Ca²⁺ in solution favored HA adsorption onto SMNZ. Adsorption capacity decreased with an increasing solution pH. For typical SMNZ with bilayer HTAB coverage, HA adsorption process is well described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The experimental isotherm data fitted well with the Langmuir model. Calculated maximum HA adsorption capacities for SMNZ with bilayer HTAB coverage at pH 5.5 and 7.5 were 63 and 41 mg·g^-1, respectively. E2/E3 (absorbance at 250 nm to that at 365 nm) and E4/E6 (absorbance at 465 nm to that at 665 nm) ratios of the residual HA in solution were lower than that of the original HA solution. This indicates that the HA fractions with high polar functional groups, low molecular weight (MW), and aromaticity had a stronger tendency for adsorption onto SMNZ with bilayer HTAB coverage. Results show that HTAB-modified natural zeolite is a promising adsorbent for removal of HA from aqueous solution.     

Biosorption of Direct Yellow 12 from aqueous solution using green alga Ulva lactuca

The potential of commonly available green alga Ulva lactuca was investigated as viable biomaterials for removal of synthetic azo dye (Direct Yellow 12, DY-12) from aqueous solution. The results obtained from the batch experiments revealed that the ability of the U. lactuca to remove DY-12 from its aqueous solution was dependent on the dye concentration, pH, and algal biomass but less dependent on the particle size of the U. lactuca. The equilibrium conditions and kinetics of adsorption were investigated, and the adsorption kinetic was consistent with the pseudo-second-order model (R²=1). The adsorption isotherm followed only the Freundlich model with a correlation coefficient R²=0.99. This study demonstrated that the U. lactuca could be used as an effective biosorbent for the removal of DY-12 from its aqueous solution.     

Biosorption of Direct Yellow 12 from aqueous solution using green alga Ulva lactuca

The potential of commonly available green alga Ulva lactuca was investigated as viable biomaterials for removal of synthetic azo dye (Direct Yellow 12, DY-12) from aqueous solution. The results obtained from the batch experiments revealed that the ability of the U. lactuca to remove DY-12 from its aqueous solution was dependent on the dye concentration, pH, and algal biomass but less dependent on the particle size of the U. lactuca. The equilibrium conditions and kinetics of adsorption were investigated, and the adsorption kinetic was consistent with the pseudo-second-order model (R ²=1). The adsorption isotherm followed only the Freundlich model with a correlation coefficient R ²=0.99. This study demonstrated that the U. lactuca could be used as an effective biosorbent for the removal of DY-12 from its aqueous solution.     

磷酸盐改性方解石去除水中磷酸盐研究

使用磷酸盐溶液和方解石之间的反应得到方解石去除水中磷酸盐后的产物,即磷酸盐改性方解石,通过实验对比分析了方解石和磷酸盐改性方解石对水中磷酸盐的去除动力学,并考察了磷酸盐改性方解石去除水中磷酸盐的各种影响因素。磷酸盐改性方解石对水中磷酸盐的去除能力明显优于方解石。当反应时间为2h时,实验条件下磷酸盐改性方解石对水中磷的去除率达到72%,而方解石对磷的去除率仅为35%。当pH为5~7时,磷酸盐改性方解石对水中磷酸盐的去除能力较高;当pH由7增加到10 h,对磷酸盐的去除能力略微下降;当pH由10增加到12 h,对磷酸盐的去除能力急剧下降。磷酸盐改性方解石对水中磷酸盐的单位去除量随初始磷质量浓度的增加而增加。过高的初始磷质量浓度会导致磷酸盐改性方解石对水中磷酸盐的去除率过低。磷酸盐改性方解石对水中磷酸盐的去除能力随反应温度的升高而增加。磷酸盐改性方解石对水中磷酸盐的去除动力学可以较好地采用准二级动力学模型加以描述。水中共存的钙离子有利于磷酸盐改性方解石对磷酸盐的去除,而水中共存的碳酸氢根离子抑制了磷酸盐改性方解石对磷酸盐的去除。磷酸盐改性方解石去除水中磷酸盐的主要机制是磷酸钙沉淀作用。磷酸盐改性方解石不仅会为磷酸钙沉淀反应的异质成核提供核心,促进磷酸钙沉淀的形成,而且当水处于对方解石不饱和状态时会溶解释放出可溶性钙,为磷酸钙沉淀的形成提供钙源。上述结果表明,方解石去除水中磷酸盐后的产物可以被再次用于水中磷酸盐的去除,并且对磷酸盐的去除效果优于原始的方解石。     

二氧化钛改性油页岩渣对水溶液中亚甲基蓝和六价铬的吸附

以油页岩渣及其二氧化钛改性材料为吸附剂,探究它们去除水溶液中亚甲基蓝和六价铬的能力.通过实验,控制溶液的pH值、温度、初始浓度和接触时间,观察吸附效果变化特征,研究其动力学和热力学性能.实验表明,改性油页岩渣吸附亚甲基蓝和六价铬的吸附率是未改性的2—3倍,且改性油页岩渣对亚甲基蓝的吸附率可达97%,对六价铬的吸附率不到25%.吸附亚甲基蓝时,pH值越大,吸附效果越好;而吸附六价铬时,最适pH值为4.改性油页岩渣吸附亚甲基蓝实验符合准二阶动力学方程,计算得反应活化能为13.29 kJ.mol-1,表明此过程主要是物理吸附.在热力学方面,由范特霍夫方程计算得ΔG〈0、ΔH〉0,表明此过程自发吸热,可见此过程还伴有化学吸附.Langmuir和Freundlich等温模型拟合结果表明,Langmuir模型数据拟合甚佳,R2=0.9999,说明改性油页岩渣吸附亚甲基蓝是单分子层吸附.二氧化钛改性油页岩渣经7次回收利用后,对亚甲基蓝的吸附效果仅减少约1.5%.