用树叶、树皮含硫量监测包头市大气SO2污染的探讨

植物与周围环境不断进行着气体交换,当外界大气环境发生变化时,就会对植物产生影响,这种影响会在植物体有关部位以各种形式反映出来.研究表明,植物中含硫量与大气SO2浓度呈现出密切相关性,因此,可以通过植物含硫量来反映大气SO2的污染状况.     

环境中抗生素的富集、分离和监测

抗生素造成的环境污染日趋严重,在我国形势尤为严峻.其污染的现状及其对策、正逐步成为国际国内研究热点,并引起包括我国在内的各国政府的高度重视.加强对环境中抗生素的富集、分离和监测研究巳迫在眉睫.     

黑龙江省大兴安岭地区多年冻土环境的刍议

黑龙江省大兴安岭地区冻结期长,气候恶劣,水雾充沛,仙气浓郁,特殊的温度和湿度造就和孕育了与众不同的土体,即多年冻土.本文论述了该区多年冻土的分布特征并进行了分区论述;扼要地描绘了多年冻土的现象和多年冻土的成因;阐明了多年冻土的冻结作用及危害;分析了多年冻土的退化;最后提出了防治多年冻土的措施.     

电白县水东镇:建设花园式海滨中心镇

水东镇位于茂名市电白县南部,东邻美丽的水东湾,南与省级旅游区"中国第一滩"接壤,西接茂港区沙院镇,北毗茂港区七迳镇.全镇总面积49.2平方公里,管辖10个社区居委会和5个行政村,人口14.2万多人.     

木塑产品进入北京"奥运"场馆

近日记者获悉,由中国木塑产业协会组织协调的木塑复合材料进入北京"奥运"场馆事宜,经过四个多月的紧张工作,终于领到进入奥运场馆的通行证.     

浅论经济发展和环境保护的相关性——沈阳市"十五"期间经济发展与环境保护的相互促进

经济发展和环境保护的矛盾历来是被各界学者和环境管理者所关注,经济的高速发展给中国带来了严峻的环境形势,沈阳市"十五"期间依靠城市工业布局和产业结构大调,使整体经济发展和环境保护得到相互促进,证明了环境保护与经济发展并不是相互对立的,而是完全可以和谐发展、相互促进.     

污泥的资源化——制轻质陶粒的优化条件

随着经济与社会的发展,资源消耗量不断加大的同时,也产生了大量的废弃物.污泥是污水处理过程中的必然产物.利用城市污水处理厂的污水处理时的固体废物--脱水污泥为原料,加以一定量的辅料,经过预热和烧胀制成具有一定强度的轻质陶粒,可用于净化污水的填料、装饰等,这样城市处理厂的污泥可以大量消耗,不但处理成本低于焚烧、填埋、堆肥等方法,而且可以避免污泥的二次污染,符合中国固体废弃物处理的无害化,减量化和资源化的原则.本实验是对污泥制轻质陶粒最佳条件的选择,结果表明,在预热和烧胀的两个过程中,温度、时间、污泥所占的比例和含水率等条件的不同,烧制出来的轻质陶粒的质量也有很大的差别.     

浅析土壤环境中的镉的影响

由于工业的污染使土壤中镉的含量增加,从而直接导致对食物链的影响,文章以镉为例,进行研究.而研究高等植物是生态系统的重要组成部分,一个平衡、稳定的生态系统生产健康、优良的高等植物.因此,利用高等植物的生长状况诊断土壤污染,是土壤毒理诊断的重要方法之一.     

锅炉蒸气冲管噪声治理初探

锅炉蒸气冲管产生的噪声对环境及人体产生很大影响.由于该噪声源具有瞬时性、影响范围广、治理难度大等特点.本文着重分析了噪声源的治理措施,效果明显,在实际中有较大应用前景.     

工艺安全警示灯

粉尘爆炸的危险 左边图片上显示的是为宾西法尼亚东北的无烟煤矿工所建的纪念碑,它位于Jim Thorpe镇(取名于著名的奥林匹克运动员Jim Thorpe).纪念碑是一块无烟煤,它超过7吨重,几乎是纯净的碳.纪念碑的碑文写到这个煤块蕴涵2.05亿BTU能量(2160亿焦耳),相当于50吨TNT!那么,我们是否担心这个位于小镇中心的巨大能量呢?当然不,因为要点燃这个巨型煤块是异常困难的,而且即使点燃,它也只会缓慢燃烧.     

中国资源的进出口与产出率：演化、挑战及对策

资源可持续利用是实现中国可持续发展和生态文明的重要保障,然而过去30多年经济的快速发展带来了严重的资源短缺和环境污染。为了揭示1949年以来尤其是改革开放以来中国资源利用与经济发展之间的关系,论文系统梳理中国资源供给状况,总结中国资源进出口及资源产出率演化特点、面临的挑战及相应的对策。研究发现：中国近年来进口以金属矿产、石油、部分固体废弃产品构成的自然矿产和城市矿产资源为主,主要出口以工业产品、水海产品等为代表的资源类型,进出口的结构类型随年份变化不大,但进口量呈现快速增长的态势;中国资源产出率逐步增长,达到1.6元/kg,但仍与发达国家有较大差距。为了应对面临的挑战,未来中国应着力提升在全球价值链的地位,同时国内应大力发展循环经济,提高资源产出率。     

The monitoring,Evaluation, reporting,verification, and certification of energy-efficiency projects

In this paper, we present an overview of guidelinesdeveloped for the monitoring, evaluation, reporting,verification, and certification (MERVC) ofenergy-efficiency projects for climate changemitigation. The monitoring and evaluation ofenergy-efficiency projects is needed to determine moreaccurately their impact on greenhouse gas (GHG)emissions and other attributes, and to ensure that theglobal climate is protected and that countryobligations are met. Reporting, verification andcertification will be needed for addressing therequirements of the Kyoto Protocol. While the cost ofmonitoring and evaluation of energy-efficiencyprojects is expected to be about 5–10% of a project'sbudget, the actual cost of monitoring and evaluationwill vary depending on many factors, including thelevel of precision required for measuring energy andGHG reductions, type of project, and amount of fundingavailable.     

山水林田湖草生命共同体的科学认知、路径及制度体系保障

山水林田湖草生命共同体是对人与自然和谐统一关系的新认知,是生态文明理论的重要组成部分。以建立一个山水林田湖草生命共同体的研究范式为目的,系统剖析了山水林田湖草生命共同体理论与应用在基础探索、快速发展和多元繁荣三个阶段的研究重点与特征;再次审视了山水林田湖草生命共同体的内涵、阐明了概念新认知、基本特征、人与生命共同体关系;最后提出面向山水林田湖草生命共同体的“问题—目标—时空策略—目的”的实施路径,及构建以自然资源监测监管体系、自然资源资产产权体系、国土空间规划体系、国土空间用途管制体系、国土空间生态修复体系、法律法规体系等为主的制度体系,进而提升其科学性和实用性,为构建国土空间治理体系及治理能力现代化提供决策支撑。     

珊瑚钨锡矿硅质尾矿中Cd、As、Zn、F富集迁移及环境污染

硅质尾矿在释放中性矿山废水(NMD)时所伴生的多元素复合污染问题值得重视。本文以桂东北珊瑚矿尾矿作为研究对象,通过分析该尾矿的组构、元素富集及迁移特性,筛选出主要污染元素,并探讨尾矿胶结层对元素富集迁移的影响。结果表明:(1)该尾矿中Cd、As、Zn及F富集程度较高、可交换态含量(易迁移释放量)较大,是主要的污染元素,而Cu、Pb、Tl产生污染的可能性较小;(2)胶结层对重金属具有再富集作用,但其对可交换态Cd、As(Tl)再富集明显,而对可交换态Cu、Pb、Zn再富集则不明显。胶结层中次生伊利石、石膏等胶结物趋向于吸附富集活性可交换态Cd、As。这表明该尾矿可能迁移释放出含Cd、As浓度较高的NMD。研究表明,硅质尾矿风化释出NMD的同时,可能伴生Cd、As、Zn等重金属以及F的复合污染。     

Carbon mitigation potential and costs of forestry options in Brazil,China, India,Indonesia, Mexico,the Philippines and Tanzania

This paper summarizes studies of carbon (C) mitigation potential and costs of about 40 forestry options in seven developing countries. Each study uses the same methodological approach – Comprehensive Mitigation Assessment Process (COMAP) – to estimate the above parameters between 2000 and 2030. The approach requires the projection of baseline and mitigation land-use scenarios. Coupled with data on a per ha basis on C sequestration or avoidance, and costs and benefits, it allows the estimation of monetary benefit per Mg C, and the total costs and carbon potential. The results show that about half (3.0 Pg C) the cumulative mitigation potential of 6.2 Petagram (Pg) C between 2000 and 2030 in the seven countries (about 200× 10⁶ Mg C yr^-1) could be achieved at a negative cost and the remainder at costs ranging up to $100 Mg C^-1. About 5 Pg C could be achieved, at a cost less than $20 per Mg C. Negative cost potential indicates that non-carbon revenue is sufficient to offset direct costs of these options. The achievable potential is likely to be smaller, however, due to market, institutional, and sociocultural barriers that can delay or prevent the implementation of the analyzed options.     

水体富营养化的形成、危害和防治

对水体富营养化的形成过程、富营养化给水质造成的影响和危害及富营养化问题的防治对策进行了简要的概括和总结。认为富营养化问题应该引起我们足够的重视     

Natural and anthropogenic sources of lead, zinc, and nickel in sediments of Lake Izabal, Guatemala

Sediments in Lake Izabal, Guatemala, contain substantial lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and nickel (Ni). The lack of historical data for heavy metal concentrations in the sediments makes it difficult to determine the sources or evaluate whether inputs of metals to the lake have changed through time. We measured the relative abundances and concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Ni by X-Ray Fluorescence core scanning and by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry in three sediment cores to explore stratigraphic distributions of metals in the lake deposits. High amounts of Pb and Zn in the core taken near the Polochic Delta suggest that galena and sphalerite mining increased Pb and Zn delivery to Lake Izabal between ~1945 and 1965 CE. An up-core Ni increase in the core taken near a different mine on the north shore of Lake Izabal suggests that recent nickel mining operations led to an increase in Ni concentrations in the local sediments, but amounts in the other cores indicate that Ni is not widely distributed throughout the lake. Sediment cores from Lake Izabal are reliable recorders of heavy metal input to the lake, and were measured to establish background metal levels, which would otherwise be unavailable. Concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Ni in older, pre-20th-century Lake Izabal sediments reflect input from natural erosion of bedrock. Our results provide previously unavailable estimates of background metal concentrations in Lake Izabal before the onset of mining. These results are necessary for future monitoring related to mining contamination of the lake ecosystem.