一体式MFC-好氧MBR运行效果及膜污染特性

膜生物反应器(MBR)是一种高效的污水处理工艺,而微生物燃料电池(MFC)能利用NO-3作为电子受体进行脱氮。为解决膜生物反应器(MBR)脱氮效率低和膜污染问题,建立了一套能够进行脱氮、有效抑制膜污染的一体式MFC-好氧MBR新工艺。以开路MFC-MBR反应器为对照,对耦合系统中污水处理效果、膜污染情况进行研究。研究表明,2套系统的COD去除率均超过88%,对NH4-N的去除均达到99%。闭路MFC-MBR系统TN去除率达到69.4%,高于开路系统的55.3%。混合液的MLVSS/MLSS稳定在88%左右,同时耦合系统能够改善污泥混合液的性质,zeta电位的绝对值和粘度较开路系统有所减少,污泥颗粒平均体积粒径(233.482μm)较开路系统(94.877μm)有明显增加,膜清洗周期延长了41.17%。     

MFC-MBR耦合系统运行效果

膜生物反应器(MBR)是一种高效的污水处理工艺,而微生物燃料电池(MFC)能有效降解污泥中的胞外生物有机质(EBOM)并回收电能.将MFC与MBR联用,建立了一套能够有效抑制膜污染同时回收电能的新系统——MFC-MBR耦合系统,MBR的剩余污泥经MFC处理后回流.以传统MBR为对照,对耦合系统中污水处理效果、膜污染情况和污泥混合液的性质进行研究.研究表明,耦合系统的污水处理效果没有明显恶化,COD去除率为94％,NH4+-N的去除率为92％.耦合系统能够有效减缓膜污染的发生,清洗周期延长了28％.污泥混合液的MLVSS/MLSS稳定在80％ ～ 88％,系统内几乎没有无机颗粒积累.松散结合态胞外聚合物(LB-EPS)降低了48％,使污泥混合液性质得到改善.较低的污泥比阻(2.69×1012m/kg)和标准化毛细吸水时间(1.67 s·L/g MLSS),证明耦合系统污泥混合液脱水性能提高了.     

在线超声作用下流化床膜生物反应器的膜污染机制

在流化床膜生物反应器中引用在线超声技术来控制膜污染,考察了在线超声对污泥混合液特性的影响,探讨了在线超声作用下的膜污染机制。结果表明：在线超声流化床膜生物反应器的跨膜压差（TMP）增长速度明显慢于普通流化床膜生物反应器,可延长膜清洗周期约51％。在线超声作用下,污泥平均粒径降低约70μm,污泥胞外聚合物（EPS）含量增加（14±5）mg／g,混合液溶解性微生物产物（SMP）有所降低;同时,在线超声使得污泥浓度和混合液粘度降低,从而改善了混合液的过滤性,有助于膜污染的控制。分析表明,在线超声能够减少膜表面不可逆污染的发生,膜的主要污染机制为泥饼层污染。     

MFC-MBR耦合系统运行效果及产电性能

为了解决膜生物反应器(MBR)运行成本高、膜污染的问题,本研究建立了一个微生物燃料电池(MFC)-MBR耦合系统,通过MFC回收污水中的能量,同时控制膜污染。研究结果表明,耦合系统对COD和NH3-N的去除率分别为(94.6±3.0)%和(90.9±6.9)%,出水水质稳定。由于MFC的耦合作用,使MBR的运行周期由18 d延长至36 d,膜污染得到了明显的减缓。耦合系统中MFC产电性能稳定,电流密度稳定在5.7 A/m3,最大功率密度达到了928.0 mW/m3,循环伏安法(CV)表明,阴极附着的微生物具有良好的电化学催化作用。MFC-MBR耦合系统将污水中的化学能转化为电能从而实现了膜污染的减缓及能量的回收,显示出巨大的发展前景。     

MBR污泥混合液特性变化及膜污染关系研究

考察了长期运行不排泥情况下膜生物反应器(MBR)中的污泥混合液特性变化,并结合Darcy公式探讨污泥性质与膜污染的关系.研究表明,在130 d的运行期间,随着污泥龄(SRT)的增加,污泥浓度增大,混合液粘度增大,污泥的平均粒径从51.56 μm增加到92.57μm后略有减小;对比上清液和出水的分子量分布特征发现,膜组件...     

膜生物反应器运行过程的膜污染防治研究进展

膜生物反应器（MBR）作为一种新型的污水处理和回用技术,近年在基础研究和实际应用领域都得到了广泛关注,但是影响其长期稳定运行的膜污染问题却一直没有彻底解决,因此,主要从膜的性质、活性污泥混合液的特性和膜分离操作条件三方面,系统论述了MBR中膜污染的影响因素,总结了国内外减缓膜污染的技术措施,并展望了MBR的发展前景。     

膜生物反应器(MBR)-反渗透(RO)工艺深度处理印染废水的实验研究

采用膜生物反应器（MBR）-反渗透（RO）工艺对印染废水进行了深度处理实验。原水经MBR系统处理后,COD去除率、ss去除率和色度去除率分别达89．9％、100％和87．5％。MBR系统处理出水进入反渗透（RO）系统进行处理,硬度去除率和除盐率分别达99．62％和99．64％,同时可进一步除去剩余的COD、色度。系统出水水质满足生产回用的要求。     

膜生物反应器应用于脱氮除磷的研究进展

膜生物反应器(MBR)是一种新型高效的污水处理工艺,近年来在世界范围内引起了广泛的关注。文中综述了MBR工艺在脱氮、除磷方面的研究成果以及多种工艺的处理效果,同时还介绍了影响MBR脱氮除磷效率的因素。     

颗粒填料复合式膜生物反应器的长期运行特性

在实验室条件下,从有机物去除效果、透膜压差、污泥颗粒粒径和污泥混合液过滤阻力等方面对颗粒填料复合式膜生物反应器（HMBR）的长期运行特性进行了研究。结果表明,与普通MBR相比,HMBR可以显著减缓膜污染,延长稳定运行时间,减少膜组件的清洗频率,在本试验条件下,当膜通量分别为3.0、4.5和6.0 L/（m²·h）时,MBR的透膜压差增长率分别是HMBR的5.5、3.3和2.2倍;HMBR的有机污染物去除效果显著,COD平均去除率达到92.3%,但是由于颗粒填料对HMBR膜表面污泥沉积层的去除,HMBR对有机物的筛滤/吸附作用减弱,造成HMBR出水的COD浓度比MBR略高;随运行时间的增长,HMBR污泥颗粒粒径呈下降趋势,而污泥混合液的过滤阻力逐渐增大,由于颗粒填料对污泥絮体的剪切作用,以及污泥生物相的变化导致HMBR的污泥粒径下降趋势比MBR更为明显,粒径分布范围更窄,而且HMBR的污泥混合液过滤阻力增长速率略大于MBR。     

膜污染状态下的胞外聚合物、细菌数量及微生物群落结构研究

研究了膜污染状态下膜生物反应器(MBR)中混合液污泥和膜丝表面污泥的胞外聚合物(EPS)含量、细菌数量以及微生物种群结构的情况。结果表明:EPS主要由蛋白质组成,膜丝表面污泥中的EPS含量较高,高达68.3mg/g;MBR污泥中细菌的数量级基本达109个/g,其中膜丝表面污泥细菌数量较高;MBR混合液污泥和膜丝表面污泥微生物群落的Shannon-Weaver指数分别为2.639和2.303,两者微生物群落结构的相似性系数达到0.833,两者的优势菌均为黄色单胞菌,变形杆菌门和拟杆菌门是膜丝表面种类较多的菌群,可能与膜污染有密切的联系。深入分析膜污染形成原因和过程,对膜污染的防治具有重要的意义。     

Electrocoagulation-integrated hybrid membrane processes for the treatment of tannery wastewater

Three different combinations of treatment techniques, i.e. electrocoagulation combined with microfiltration (EMR), membrane bioreactor (MBR) and electrocoagulation integrated with membrane bioreactor (hybrid MBR, (HMBR)), were analysed and compared for the treatment of tannery wastewater operated for 7 days under the constant trans-membrane pressure of 5 kPa. HMBR was found to be most suitable in performance as well as fouling reduction, with 94 % of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, 100 % chromium removal and 8 % improvement in percentage reduction in permeate flux compared to MBR with only 90 % COD removal and 67 % chromium removal. The effect of mixed liquor suspended solids on fouling was also investigated and was found to be insignificant. EMR was capable of elevating the flux but was not as efficient as HMBR and MBR in COD removal. Fouling reduction by HMBR was further confirmed by SEM-EDX and particle size analysis.     

膜-生物反应器混合液性质对膜污染影响的研究进展

膜-生物反应器作为一种新型的污水处理和回用技术,近年来在基础研究和实际应用领域都得到广泛关注,但是影响其长期稳定运行的膜污染问题却一直没有得到深入研究和解决.混合液特性是影响膜污染控制的重要因素,从混合液理化性质(组成、功能、结构和环境因素)和生物学性质(微生物群落结构、微生物功能特征)2个方面进行介绍,综述了目前关于混合液性质与膜污染关系的研究现状.目前的研究虽然取得一定进展,但在相关性分析、群落特征与膜污染关系、污染层形成机理等方面仍存在许多不足.     

Use of chemical coagulants to control fouling potential for wastewater membrane bioreactor processes.

Chemical coagulation with ferric chloride, alum, and an organic polymer were used to control the fouling potential of mixed liquors for submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) processes in treating municipal wastewater. Their filterability was evaluated using a submerged hollow fiber ultrafiltration apparatus operated in constant permeate flux mode. The collected transmembrane pressures over filtration time were used to calculate the membrane fouling rates. The results showed that coagulation pretreatment can reduce fouling rates when MBRs were operated above the critical flux. Even though coagulation with the organic polymer formed larger mixed liquor suspended solids particles and had shorter time-to-filtration than those with ferric chloride and alum, the filterability for membrane filtration were similar, indicating that the membrane fouling in MBR systems was mainly controlled by the concentration of smaller colloidal particles.     

A modeling study of fouling development in membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatment.

Membrane fouling is a primary concern in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) in wastewater treatment because it strongly affects both system stability and economic feasibility. A mathematical model was developed in this study for membrane fouling in submerged MBR systems for wastewater treatment, in which both reversible and irreversible fouling were quantified. While mixed liquor suspended solids are the major components of the reversible fouling layer, dissolved organic matter is thought to be the key foulant, in particular, responsible for the long-term irreversible fouling of the filtration unit. The model was calibrated (parameter identification) with a set of operational data from a pilot MBR and then verified with other independent operational data from the MBR. The good agreement between theoretical predictions and operational data demonstrates that the outlined modeling concept can be successfully applied to describe membrane fouling in submerged MBR systems.     

纳米材料对膜生物反应器影响的试验研究

通过向一体式膜生物反应器中投加纳米材料来改变料液性质,预防膜污染和提高膜生物反应器对污染物的去除效率,并利用扫描电镜分析中空纤维膜的表观结构的变化情况,通过红外光谱分析活性污泥性质的变化,以探讨防治膜污染的机理。试验结果表明,纳米材料的投加对COD和NH₃-N的去除无明显影响,提高了TP的去除率,TP去除率达70%。而且投加纳米材料可改变活性污泥的性质和生物膜的表观结构,减缓膜污染。     

膜-生物反应器处理超市废水中污泥性质与膜污染关系分析

在以处理超市废水实际工程的基础上,通过对污泥性质中的胞外聚合物(EPS)、溶解性微生物产物(SMPs)、溶解性COD(SCOD)和污泥浓度(MLSS)变化的分析,得出EPS积累的原因是多方面的,而EPS的过度积累对沉降性能有一定的恶化作用;此外,EPS与SMPs有很好的相关性.作者采用SPSS软件对污泥性质与膜污染之间...     

Effect of mean cell residence time on the performance and microbial diversity of pre-denitrification submerged membrane bioreactors

The effect of mean cell residence time (MCRT) (5, 8.3, 16.7, and 33.3d) on domestic wastewater treatment performance had been investigated using four bench-scale pre-denitrification submerged membrane bioreactors (MBR) operated in parallel. The 33.3-d MCRT MBR had the lowest microbial activities in terms of specific oxygen uptake rate, specific denitrification rate and observed sludge yield. Excellent COD removal efficiency (more than 95%) and nitrification (more than 97%) were observed in all the four MBRs investigated. Even though high nitrification can be achieved in all the MBRs, total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency was found to be affected by MCRT with a maximum of 77% at 33.3-d MCRT. Better TN removal efficiency achieved in the 33.3-d MCRT MBR was due to the combined effect of high mixed liquor concentration and lower dissolved oxygen concentration in the recycled mixed liquor. A comparison of terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (T-RFLP) fingerprints based on 16S rRNA and nirS gene revealed that the microbial communities of 5- and 8.3-d MCRT are grouped under the same branch while 16.7- and 33.3-d MCRT are grouped in another branch. T-RFLP based on amoA gene shows that members from the Nitrosomonas genus were more dominant under shorter MCRT operating environment. Clustering analysis did not show any correlation with the organic and nitrogen removal performance obtained in this study.     

盐度对膜生物反应器处理含盐废水影响的研究进展

总结了国内外采用膜生物反应器( MBR)处理含盐废水的研究进展,分析了盐度对有机物去除的影响、对脱氮效果的影响、对总磷去除的影响以及对微生物活性和膜污染的影响.指出当前MBR处理高盐度废水的研究热点主要是如何降低对各类功能微生物活性的抑制作用,以及降低溶解性微生物产物、胞外聚合物的释放量,从而减轻膜污染,但目前大多数的研究仍处在实验配水阶段.最后还对今后的研究方向进行了展望.