突发性环境污染事故应急监测质量保证体系的研究

结合北京市环境保护监测中心应急监测质量保证工作的经验,提出了应急监测质量保证体系的构成、运行和质量保证措施.强调了加强应急监测质量保证工作,尤其是日常的质量保证工作,定期进行应急监测演习及案例分析,是做好应急监测工作,实现应急监测数据快速性、准确性、可靠性、代表性、时效性的重要保证.     

环境空气质量自动监测系统质量保证工作的探索

根据全国多个省市的环境空气自动监测质量保证工作的经验和做法,结合乌鲁木齐市环境空气自动监测质量保证工作实际情况,对点位设置要求、制度体系建立、仪器质量控制难点、数据审核与研判等环境空气自动监测质量保证工作的关键环节进行探索,为加强环境空气自动监测质量保证体系提供参考依据.     

浅谈建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测的质量保证

建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测是各级环境监测站的一项重要工作,而质量保证措施是贯穿于验收监测全过程的核心。本文联系监测工作的实际,对该项监测的质量保证做了初步的探讨。     

大气连续自动采样中的质量保证

大气连续自动采样中的质量保证赵柳生（乌鲁木齐市环境科研监测中心站８３００００）在大气环境监测中的质量保证工作，由于监测手段，方法及气体的特性，决定了它较水质监测的质量保证有较大的难度。《环境监测技术规范》（简称规范）主要针对实验室内的操作提出了大气监...     

抓好质量保证工作 提高监测数据质量

四级环境监测站担负着环境质量监测和污染源监督监测。今就如何开展这一工作谈点浅见。１抓住机遇、建立机构、完善体系１９８９年正值我国开展质量检验机构计量认证工作,我站抓住这一时机,进一步的完善了质量保证体系,建立了质控室,设专人负责质量保证工作,同时在各...     

关于化工园区开展自行监测的探讨

从明确监测责任主体,制定监测方案、确定监测内容,做好自行监测的质量保证和质量控制等方面对化工园区如何开展自行监测进行了探讨。提出,应以化工园区为责任主体,以全要素、全指标、全过程为原则制定监测方案,明确各环境要素的监测点位、监测污染物指标以及监测频次,参照《排污单位自行监测技术指南总则》的要求做好自行监测的质量保证和质量控制工作。     

《环境监测质量管理工作指南》征订启事

<正>为进一步规范环境监测质量管理工作,推进监测质量保证体系的建立和完善,使监测质量保证和质量控制工作更加程序化、系统化、制度化、法制化,中国环境监测总站组织编写了《环境监测质量管理工作指南》。     

新书讯息

<正>为进一步规范环境监测质量管理工作,推进监测质量保证体系的建立和完善,使监测质量保证和质量控制工作更加程序化、系统化、制度化、法制化,中国环境监测总站组织编写了《环境监测质量管理工作指南》。     

四级站环境监测质量保证之浅见

四级站环境监测质量保证之浅见徐衍忠（山东五莲县环境监测站,２６２３００）我站从八九年开始,试行在水质监测中开展了质量保证工作,取得了一定的成效。在搞这项工作的过程中,我们也遇到了一些困难和问题,这些问题不很好地解决,质量保证工作就不会得到完善和发展。...     

大气环境监测的质量保证杂谈

大气环境监测的质量保证工作,在“空气和废气监测分析方法”,“环境监测技术规范──大气部分”、“环境空气监测质量保证手册”等书中,有了比较详细的规定,如仪器的校准,流量计的校准,空白值的测定、校准曲线的制作以及采样、布点等.本文就采样和分析中一些不易被人们注意,而又是与质量保证有关的问题,谈一点看法。     

Topsoil and Housedust Metal Concentrations in the Vicinity of a Lead Battery Manufacturing Plant

The aim of the study was to determine the extent of heavy metal pollution in the vicinity of a lead battery manufacturing plant in the Czech Republic, both in the general environment and within homes. Topsoils (0–5 cm) were sampled from 100 sites along 4 transects which crossed the battery factory, the town centre and outlying rural areas. Housedust samples were collected from 15 plant-workers' homes and 15 non plant-workers' homes located at various distances from the factory. Samples were analysed for levels of Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, As and Sb, using ICP-AES. Soil concentrations of Pb, Cd, As and Sb peaked at the perimeter fence of the battery factory with Pb levels of up to 12 650 g g> ^-1. Concentrations of these metals decreased exponentially within 500 m of the plant. Whilst the battery factory does appear to be a source of all the metals with the exception of Zn, emissions do not appear to be transported to any great extent over distances of more than 0.5 km. Topsoil and housedust concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, As and Sb in the general Mlada Boleslav area do not appear to be significantly different from those recorded in a large scale survey of urban soils in the United Kingdom. A comparison of housedust Pb concentrations in homes of plant workers and non-plant workers suggests that there may be a small input of Pb into the home environment by battery plant employees.     

水样中双酚A检测技术研究

介绍了水样中双酚A检测技术的最新研究进展,评述了光谱分析、传感器检测、免疫检测及生物检测等四种方法的特点及实际应用情况,探讨了水样中双酚A检测技术的发展方向.     

Patchy Distribution Fields: An Interleaved Survey Design and Reconstruction Adequacy

A mathematical model was used to compare the effects of a regular (one-pass) or interleaved (two-pass) acoustic survey on the adequacy of reconstructing patchy distribution fields. The model simulates fish or plankton patches of different shapes and spatial orientations, and a set of parallel or zigzag transects forming a regular or interleaved acoustic survey. The efficiency of a survey is determined by the adequacy of a reconstructed field to that originally generated, which is evaluated by calculating their correlations. Regarding the immovable fields, the efficiency of a regular or interleaved acoustic survey was tested with the following two alternative assumptions: (1) the entire survey was completed; (2) the survey was interrupted for some reason at the moment when one transect remained non-accomplished. In the former case, the efficiencies of both acoustic surveys were nearly the same; in the latter case, the efficiency of an interleaved survey was superior to that of a regular one. With respect to movable fields, the efficiency of the completed interleaved surveys was even higher than that of the regular ones. Thus, the results obtained allow us to conclude that an interleaved survey is expedient in cases where there is no preference regarding the position of a vessel for further work.     

Analysis of acidic components, heavy metals and PAHS of particulate in the Changwon–Masan area of Korea

This study is an analysis of the concentrations and components of heavy metals in PM_2.5 and the total suspended particulate (TSP) collected at a mechanical industrial complex (IC) site in Changwon and at a residential site in Masan, Korea. Particulate was collected during two sampling periods, from the late summer to the early fall and from the middle to late fall, at the IC site and one sampling period, from the middle fall to the early winter, at the residential site. PM_2.5 and TSP samples were taken by an annular denuder system and a hi-volume air sampler, respectively. The authors also identified the concentrations and components of heavy metals extracted from the PM_2.5 and TSP filters, the acidic components extracted from the PM_2.5 filters, and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) extracted from polyurethane foam (PUF) plug. The average concentrations of the PM_2.5 collected at the IC and residential sites were very similar. Major sources of PM_2.5 at the study sites, however, were air emissions from vehicles and industry as well as emissions from residential heating and soil origins, respectively. The higher concentrations of the TSP at the IC site, as compared to those at the residential site, were due to either increased suspended dust from vehicle emissions or re-suspended road dust because of increased vehicle speeds near the IC site. Heavy metal concentrations in the TSPs were higher than those in the PM_2.5. The heavy metal concentrations in the PM_2.5 and TSP at the IC site with heavy traffic were substantially greater than those at the residential site. The concentrations of TSP and heavy metals and PAHs in PM during the period of the middle to late fall was much higher than those during the period of the late summer to early fall at the IC site. This is because of the difference in meteorological characteristics and energy uses between two periods. The residential site also showed higher concentrations of acidic anions while the IC site showed higher concentrations of acidic cation. Secondary aerosols or particulates, such as ammonium nitrate or ammonium nitrite, might have been important constituents of the PM_2.5 at the residential site. The PAHs in the TSP collected at the IC site was greatly affected by traffic and industry emissions consisting mostly of high molecular weight PAHs with two to four rings. PAHs in the TSP at the site, however, were affected by residential heating and air emissions from small chemical plants having higher concentrations of low molecular weight PAHs with five to six rings.     

Prediction of Pollen-Mediated Gene Flow Between Fields of Red Clover (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Trifolium pratense</Emphasis>)

Pollen-mediated gene flow between red clover fields by bumblebees is predicted by estimating or simulating the parameters in a gene flow model for insect-pollinated crops. Generally, the predicted level of gene flow was found to depend on the visiting bee species and the spatial arrangement of the red clover fields. When the fields are close to each other, the gene flow depends mainly on the typical foraging distance of the visiting bee species, but when the fields are far apart, the gene flow between red clover fields is more sensitive to the distances between red clover fields than to the actual bumblebee species that pollinates the fields. Using the suggested methodology, the gene flow may be predicted in different agricultural scenarios. For example, if the gene flow between red clover fields is mediated by Bombus terrestris and the red clover fields that were assumed to be quadrates with sides of 100 m are separated by 200 m, then the median gene flow is predicted to be 0.17%.     

创新我国环境监测质量管理体系初探

在调研国内外环境监测质量管理模式的基础上,提出了强化环境监测统一监督管理,建立国家环境监测质量管理与技术中心、区域(流域)环境监测质量管理与技术中心,完善各级环境监测机构质量管理工作体系的设想.     

Groundwater Pollution Around an Industrial Area in the Coastal Stretch of Maharashtra State, India

The main objective of this paper is to examine pollution threat, especially to the groundwater resources, around Tarapur industrial area (also called the Tarapur MIDC area) located on the Arabian Sea Coast in Thane District of Maharashtra State, India and suggest remedial measures that may also be relevant to other industrial areas on the Indian Sea Coast. One hundred and thirty one samples were collected from various sources, such as dugwells, borewells, dug-cum-borewells, effluent sumps, drainage channels (effluent channels), creeks and ocean, for chemical analyses. These analyses show that the area in general is characterized by hard water and high salinity hazard, possibly due to its proximity and hydraulic connection with the sea. Although the potability of groundwater is questionable in certain pockets, it is good enough for irrigation purposes at present. Low pH value and high heavy metal contents in the adjoining Muramba creek water is a matter of great concern and may be attributed to the indiscriminate disposal of industrial effluents to the drainage channels connecting the creek. Muramba Creek is well connected with the Arabian Sea, and there are evidences of seawater intrusion around this creek. Because of the fact that Muramba Creek is highly polluted, and is hydraulically connected with the dugwells and borewells surrounding the creek, it cannot be ruled out that the groundwater around this creek is susceptible to contamination. Unless measures are not taken immediately to stop the indiscriminate disposal of the solid wastes and liquid effluents in open ground and drainage channels, and measures are not taken to maintain the appropriate pH values at the effluent treatment facilities before their disposal, the problem would indeed be formidable one day, and it will be too late then for the authorities to take care of the resulting maladies. Few suggestions have been given for controlling and managing the industrial pollution around the Tarapur MIDC area. These suggestions are relevant to other industrial areas situated on the 7,000 km long Indian Sea Coast.     

Plant Bioassays for an in Situ Monitoring of Air Near an Industrial Area and a Municipal Solid Waste – ŽILINA (SLOVAKIA)

The process of a bioindication of genotoxic effects of complex mixtures on the environment using higher plants is very appropriate and effective. We present the results of an in situ indication of the genotoxic effects of polluted environment near Žilina city. For a more complex monitoring we used: the Tradescantia micronucleus (Trad-MCN) assay, the Tradescantia microspore test and an evaluation of the abortivity of the pollen grains of native plant species. We found significant differences in the frequency of the micronuclei when using the Trad-MCN test in local of Dubeň. The Tradescantia pollen abortivity test showed significant differences in the frequency of the abortive pollen grains between the exposed groups and the control group. By using native plant species in the pollen abortivity test we found significant differences in both of the two locations for the four following species during two consecutive years: Artemisia vulgaris, Melilotus albus, Trifolium pratense, Typha latifolia.     

工业燃煤炉窑烟气治理探讨

根据燃煤炉窑烟气的特点 ,研制一种高效脱硫除尘器系列。对工业燃煤炉窑烟气进行治理 ,使烟气中有害物质进入反应沉降池 ,沉降液循环使用 ,污泥分离后加以利用 ,净化后的烟气经引风机至烟囱达标排放。     

The Draft of the New German Guideline VDI 3782/8 to Model Automobile Exhaust Dispersion

The draft of the German guideline to calculate automobile exhaust dispersion is explained. It contains a two-stage-system: For first quick estimates the guideline contains the simple models MLuS and STREET. In case these models are not applicable or their results shows concentration levels close to the air quality standards, the more complex models PROKAS_V and MISKAM are recommended. PROKAS_V is a Gaussian plume model, MISKAM is a 3-dimensional microscale non hydrostatic flow model for built-up areas with an Eulerian dispersion model. The guideline comprises cases in rural areas without or with few adjacent buildings as well as urban areas with buildings near the roads. The contribution gives information about the models, typical results and some of the problems showing up presently.