负载化纳米TiO2光催化降解气相甲苯

使用高比表面积的玻璃弹簧为载体,水热合成法制备了TiO2膜光催化剂,并在密闭循环式反应系统中进行甲苯的气相光催化降解实验。考察了气体流速、空气相对湿度、污染物初始浓度和催化剂用量对甲苯降解效率的影响,并采用GC/MS测定光催化降解过程中的气体组分及其含量,没有发现除甲苯以外的其它气相组分,最后测试了催化剂在高污染物浓度时的使用寿命。     

等离子体催化降解甲苯途径的原位红外研究

考察了在常温常压条件下,等离子体分别协同SiO₂、Al₂O₃、NiO/Al₂O₃降解甲苯的性能,并从材料的介电常数、对甲苯的吸附性及臭氧分解能力等角度分析了不同活性表现的原因,同时,采用原位红外技术研究了甲苯降解过程中催化剂表面吸附物种的变化.结果表明,当甲苯浓度为100 ppm,气体流量为100 mL·min^-1时,一定范围内,甲苯降解率随着能量密度、介电常数、吸附性及臭氧分解能力的提高而提高.甲苯在催化剂表面的吸附对其降解途径有十分重要的影响:在放电区域中加入SiO₂,甲苯仍然在气相中完成降解;而存在Al₂O₃ 及NiO/Al₂O₃时,甲苯氧化成苯甲酸的过程主要发生在催化剂表面,是甲苯催化降解的关键步骤,苯甲酸在活性位点的积累将降低催化剂的反应活性.     

低浓度甲苯的气相光催化降解研究

研究了较低浓度的甲苯在较短停留时间时(17s～83s)的光催化降解,考察了甲苯初始浓度、停留时间、湿度、光源和催化剂载体等因素的影响,并分析了光催化处理降解能力随甲苯负荷的变化.研究表明,在较短停留时间时,甲苯降解率随进口浓度的增大而下降,且停留时间越短,随进口浓度增大而下降的越快;在某一停留时间范围内,甲苯的降解近似遵循一级反应动力学,动力学常数随浓度的增大而增大;低浓度时甲苯的光催化降解受湿度影响较小;低压汞灯为光源时甲苯的光催化降解率显著高于黑光灯为光源时的降解率;涂覆在不锈钢网状上的光催化剂性能随载体目数的增加而提高,但不及涂覆在铝板上的光催化剂.     

含碳纳米C-TiO_2薄膜光催化降解气相甲苯研究

对以工业丙烷为燃料、空气为氧化剂、TiCl4为先驱物的火焰CVD法制备的含碳纳米C-TiO2光催化剂,用沉降法在石英玻璃管内壁制备C-TiO2纳米薄膜,以管式反应器为光催化氧化装置,实验研究了含碳纳米C-TiO2的纳米薄膜对甲苯气体的光催化降解规律。探讨了甲苯初始浓度和相对湿度等因素对降解率的影响。实验结果表明,相对湿度约为60%时,对甲苯有最佳的光催化降解效果。在催化剂负载量约为4.9mg、主波长为254nm和365nm的8W紫外灯各一盏、甲苯初始浓度约为60mg/m3、气体流量为400mL/min(甲苯在光催化器中停留时间约为3.45s)的条件下,甲苯的降解率可达45%。     

气相中甲苯的臭氧-光催化降解

初步研究了气相中中低浓度(10～80mg/m³)甲苯的臭氧-光催化联合降解,考察甲苯初始浓度、气体流量和湿度对降解效率及去除负荷的影响,并与单一光催化降解进行了比较.结果表明,臭氧-光催化对甲苯的降解效率大大高于光催化的降解效率,在较高浓度时效果更为显著;甲苯浓度在10～40mg/m³范围时,臭氧-光催化降解效率高达90%以上,但随甲苯初始浓度升高而缓慢地线性下降;湿度对甲苯的臭氧-光催化降解稍有影响,但去除率变化不超过2.5%.     

TiO_2/MWCNTs光催化氧化法深度处理焦化废水生化尾水

文章采用简单的溶胶凝胶-物理负载法制备了TiO_2/MWCNTs复合光催化剂,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射和紫外-可见漫反射光谱等表征方法对TiO_2/MWCNTs的物理化学性质进行了表征,并将其应用于H_2O_2协同光催化氧化法深度处理焦化废水生化尾水中。结果表明,TiO_2主要为锐钛矿相,MWCNTs掺杂后降低了TiO_2的禁带宽度。MWCNTs掺杂量（MWCNTs/TiO_2质量比）为0.50%时,TiO_2/MWCNTs的光催化活性最高,H_2O_2的加入显著提高了光催化氧化效率。TiO_2/MWCNTs投加量为1.0g/L,H_2O_2的投加量为1.5mL/L,废水初始pH值为3,反应时间为150min时,焦化废水生化尾水的COD、UV_(254)、色度、TOC的去除率分别为65.22%、88.71%、89.74%和46.56%。自由基捕获实验表明,·O_2^-是光催化氧化过程中最主要的活性组分。TiO_2/MWCNTs经5次重复使用后,对焦化废水生化尾水COD和UV_(254)的降解效率仍然可以达到67.49%和83.83%,表明催化剂稳定性良好。     

碳气凝胶复合TiO_2光催化降解甲苯研究

制备了碳气凝胶复合二氧化钛光催化剂,并利用此复合催化剂对挥发性有机污染物甲苯进行了光催化降解研究,考察了甲苯初始浓度、相对湿度、紫外光能量对降解效率的影响。     

复合催化剂对气相苯和甲苯的光催化降解研究

研究了在无催化剂、纯锐钛矿、纯金红石以及复合催化剂时苯和甲苯的光催化降解情况,考察了反应物初始浓度以及不同催化剂组成时苯和甲苯的光催化降解. 结果表明,使用锐钛矿催化剂,苯和甲苯降解效率都有很大提高,而使用金红石催化剂,苯和甲苯降解效率提高的幅度不大,这主要与锐钛矿和金红石的晶体结构有关. 在无催化剂和以金红石为催化剂时,甲苯比苯更容易降解;以锐钛矿为催化剂时苯比甲苯更容易降解. 初始浓度对苯和甲苯的光催化降解过程有一定的影响,在低浓度时降解速率较快,而在高浓度时降解速率较慢. 在锐钛矿催化剂中掺入一定量的金红石可提高催化剂的光催化活性. 对于苯,锐钛矿80%、金红石20%的复合催化剂光催化活性最高;而对于甲苯,锐钛矿90%、金红石10%的复合催化剂光催化活性最高.     

载银TiO_2可见光降解活性蓝染料废水研究

以溶胶-凝胶法制备了Ag/TiO2纳米催化剂,以日光色镝灯为光源,研究了活性蓝M-2GE模拟染料废水的可见光降解,考察了不同条件对可见光降解的影响。实验结果表明,该方法制备的TiO2、Ag/TiO2催化剂粒径约20～30nm,主要以锐钛矿相存在;光催化反应的最佳条件为:催化剂载Ag量2%,投加量为2g/L,pH值在2～6;在最佳的反应条件下,活性蓝的脱色率达98%,TOC去除率达70%;在实验的浓度范围内,服从一级反应动力学,随着染料溶液浓度的增大,表观速率常数不断降低。     

可见光TiO2光催化降解微囊藻毒素的研究进展

蓝藻释放出的微囊藻毒素严重威胁着人类的健康,不仅对人类的肝脏造成严重的损伤,对人类的生殖生长发育也有潜在的影响。针对上述情况,文章简要评析了微囊藻毒素处理的总体研究现状,以微囊藻毒素的分子结构和理化性质为基础,重点阐明了光催化的机理与微囊藻毒素光催化过程中的中间产物,详细介绍了可见光催化降解微囊藻毒素的途径,阐述了提高二氧化钛可见光活性的方法以及常见的可见光催化处理工艺,叙述了可见光催化降解微囊藻毒素的影响因素,并指出当前探索所遇到的问题以及未来研究的发展趋势,以期为该领域的进一步研究提供参考。     

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of rGO/TiO2 for the decomposition of formaldehyde under visible light irradiation

Due to the low concentration of indoor air contaminants,photocatalytic technology shows low efficiency for indoor air purification.The application of TiO_2 for photocatalytic removal of formaldehyde is limited,because TiO_2 can only absorb ultraviolet(UV) light.Immobilization of TiO_2 nanoparticles on the surface of graphene can improve the visible light photocatalytic activity and the adsorption capacity.In this study,rGO(reduced graphene oxide)/TiO_2 was synthesized through a hydrothermal method using titanium tetrabutoxide and graphene oxide as precursors,and was used for the degradation of low concentration formaldehyde in indoor air under visible light illumination.Characterization of the crystalline structure and morphology of rGO/TiO_2 revealed that most GO was reduced to rGO during the hydrothermal treatment,and anatase TiO_2 nanoparticles(with particle size of 15–30 nm) were dispersed well on the surface of the rGO sheets.rGO/TiO_2 exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity for degradation of formaldehyde in indoor air and this can be attributed to the role of rGO,which can act as the electron sink and transporter for separating photo-generated electron–hole pairs through interfacial charge transfer.Furthermore,rGO could adsorb formaldehyde molecules from air to produce a high concentration of formaldehyde on the surface of rGO/TiO_2.Under visible light irradiation for 240 min,the concentration of formaldehyde could be reduced to 58.5 ppbV.rGO/TiO_2 showed excellent moisture-resistance behavior,and after five cycles,r GO/TiO_2 maintained high photocatalytic activity for the removal of formaldehyde(84.6%).This work suggests that the synthesized rGO/TiO_2 is a promising photocatalyst for indoor formaldehyde removal.     

Combination of heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction and photocatalysis using Co-TiO2 nanocatalyst for activation of KHSO5 with visible light irradiation at ambient conditions

A novel coupled system using Co–Ti O2 was successfully designed which combined two different heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes, sulfate radical based Fenton-like reaction（SR-Fenton） and visible light photocatalysis（Vis-Photo）, for degradation of organic contaminants. The synergistic effect of SR-Fenton and Vis-Photo was observed through comparative tests of 50 mg/L Rhodamine B（Rh B） degradation and TOC removal. The Rhodamine B degradation rate and TOC removal were 100% and 68.1% using the SR-Fenton/Vis-Photo combined process under ambient conditions, respectively. Moreover, based on XRD, XPS and UV-DRS characterization, it can be deduced that tricobalt tetroxide located on the surface of the catalyst is the SR-Fenton active site, and cobalt ion implanted in the Ti O2 lattice is the reason for the visible light photocatalytic activity of Co–Ti O2. Finally, the effects of the calcination temperature and cobalt concentration on the synergistic performance were also investigated and a possible mechanism for the synergistic system was proposed. This coupled system exhibited excellent catalytic stability and reusability,and almost no dissolution of Co2＋was found.     

双极液膜法可见光光催化降解染料废水

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Bi2O3-TiO2/Ti膜电极,X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见漫反射(DRS)和光电性能测试进行了表征,结果表明,Bi元素掺杂进入了TiO2催化剂,拓展了催化剂的光响应波长,使其在可见光下有较明显的光电响应.将Bi2O3-TiO2/Ti光阳极与Cu阴极组装成双极液膜反应器,在可见光下光催化处理活性艳红X-3B,得出当初始pH值为2.52,废水流量为80mL/min时,处理20mg/L活性艳红X-3B 150min,脱色率可达88%.双极液膜法可见光光催化的初步机理考察表明,光生电子自发由Bi2O3-TiO2表面转移到Cu电极表面,并在Cu电极表面直接还原染料,或与其表面液膜中的溶解氧反应生成H2O2,进而参与染料的氧化,由此可实现Bi2O3-TiO2/Ti的直接氧化和Cu阴极的直接还原和间接氧化的双极双效效果.     

Visible-light-driven photocatalytic inactivation of bacteriophage f2 by Cu-TiO2 nanofibers in the presence of humic acid

Pathogenic viruses in drinking water are great threats to public health. Visible-light-driven photocatalysis is a promising technology for virus inactivation. However, the existing photocatalytic antiviral research studies have mostly been carried out in single-component systems, neglecting the effect of natural organic matter, which exists widely in actual water bodies. In this paper, electrospun Cu-TiO₂ nanofibers were prepared as photocatalysts, and their photocatalytic antiviral performance in the presence of humic acid (HA) was comprehensively studied for the first time. The properties of the reaction mixture were measured during the reaction. In addition, the safety, reliability and stability of photocatalytic disinfection in the mixed system were evaluated. The results showed that the virus removal efficiency decreased with the increase of the HA concentration. The type of reaction solution, such as PBS buffer solution or water, did not affect the removal efficiency noticeably. Under acidic conditions, the electrostatic forces between photocatalysts and viruses were strengthened, leading to higher virus removal efficiency. As the reaction time went on, the pH value in the solution increased first and then tended to be stable, the conductivity remained stable, and the dissolved oxygen increased first and then decreased. The safety test showed that the concentration of Cu ions released into the solution was lower than specified by the international standards. No photoreactivation was observed, and the addition of HA significantly reduced the reutilization efficiency of the photocatalysts.     

Mesoporous WO3-graphene photocatalyst for photocatalytic degradation of Methylene Blue dye under visible light illumination

Advanced oxidation technologies are a friendly environmental approach for the remediation of industrial wastewaters. Here, one pot synthesis of mesoporous WO_3 and WO_3-graphene oxide(GO) nanocomposites has been performed through the sol–gel method. Then, platinum(Pt) nanoparticles were deposited onto the WO_3 and WO_3-GO nanocomposite through photochemical reduction to produce mesoporous Pt/WO_3 and Pt/WO_3-GO nanocomposites. X-ray diffraction(XRD) findings exhibit a formation of monoclinic and triclinic WO_3 phases. Transmission Electron Microscope(TEM) images of Pt/WO_3-GO nanocomposites exhibited that WO_3 nanoparticles are obviously agglomerated and the particle sizes of Pt and WO_3 are ~ 10 nm and 20–50 nm, respectively. The mesoporous Pt/WO_3 and Pt/WO_3-GO nanocomposites were assessed for photocatalytic degradation of Methylene Blue(MB) as a probe molecule under visible light illumination.The findings showed that mesoporous Pt/WO_3, WO_3-GO and Pt/WO_3-GO nanocomposites exhibited much higher photocatalytic efficiencies than the pure WO_3. The photodegradation rates by mesoporous Pt/WO_3-GO nanocomposites are 3, 2 and 1.15 times greater than those by mesoporous WO_3, WO_3-GO, and Pt/WO_3, respectively. The key factors of the enhanced photocatalytic performance of Pt/WO_3-GO nanocomposites could be explained by the highly freedom electron transfer through the synergetic effect between WO_3 and GO sheets, in addition to the Pt nanoparticles that act as active sites for O2 reduction, which suppresses the electron hole pair recombination in the Pt/WO_3-GO nanocomposites.     

透明Cl-TiO2水分散液的制备及其可见光降解甲苯和灭菌的性能

开发具有高稳定性和高可见光活性的光催化剂透明分散液对光催化材料的实际应用至关重要.本文采用非水解溶胶凝胶法制备了透明Cl掺杂TiO₂分散液(Cl-TiO₂).该分散液经过60 d仍能保持稳定,没有颗粒沉降.与商用P25、PEG400-TiO₂相比,Cl-TiO₂具有最优的可见光降解甲苯的光催化活性,并且具有良好的循环稳定性.Cl-TiO₂在可见光下同时具有优异的灭菌效果,对大肠杆菌的灭菌率达到98.75%.其优异的可见光响应性归因于Cl掺杂增强了对可见光的吸收,提高了电子空穴的分离效率.Cl-TiO₂水分散液良好的稳定性得益于表面带有的电荷以及较小的水合粒径.这项工作为光催化剂用于改善室内环境提供了新策略.     

Visible light driven mineralization of spiramycin over photostructured N-doped TiO2 on up conversion phosphors

A novel visible light-active photocatalyst formulation(NdT/OP) was obtained by supporting N-doped TiO_2(NdT) particles on up-conversion luminescent organic phosphors(OP). The photocatalytic activity of such catalysts was evaluated for the mineralization process of spiramycin in aqueous solution. The effect of NdT loading in the range 15–60 wt.% on bulk and surface characteristics of NdT/OP catalysts was investigated by several chemicophysical characterization techniques. The photocatalytic performance of NdT/OP catalysts in the removal of spyramicin from aqueous solution was assessed through photocatalytic tests under visible light irradiation. Total organic carbon(TOC) of aqueous solution,and CO and CO_2 gas concentrations evolved during the photodegradation were analyzed. A dramatic enhancement of photocatalytic activity of the photostructured visible active NdT/OP catalysts,compared to NdT catalyst,was observed. Only CO_2 was detected in gas-phase during visible light irradiation,proving that the photocatalytic process is effective in the mineralization of spiramycin,reaching very high values of TOC removal. The photocatalyst NdT/OP at 30 wt.% of NdT loading showed the highest photocatalytic activity(58%of TOC removed after 180 min irradiation against only 31% removal after 300 min of irradiation of NdT). We attribute this enhanced activity to the high effectiveness in the utilization of visible light through improved light harvesting and exploiting. OP particles act as "photoactive support",able to be excited by the external visible light irradiation,and reissue luminescence of wavelength suitable to promote NdT photomineralization activity.     

负载型纳米Bi2WO6/AC的制备及在可见光下降解邻硝基苯酚

采用水热法在160℃条件下以活性炭(AC)为载体合成了光催化剂Bi2WO6/AC,用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、电子扫描电镜(SEM)对催化剂进行了表征.同时,以邻硝基苯酚为目标污染物,在可见光照射下,讨论了催化剂用量、溶液的pH、污染物初始浓度等因素对催化剂光催化活性的影响.结果表明,当[Bi2WO6/AC]=5 g·L-1、pH=5[邻硝基苯酚]0=100 mg·L-1时,催化剂可见光降解活性最好,60 min后邻硝基苯酚的降解率可达到99.81%.     

氮氟掺杂二氧化钛(N,F-TiO2)的制备及可见光催化活性的研究

以氨水为氮源,氢氟酸为氟源,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了氮氟掺杂二氧化钛(N,F-TiO2)光催化剂,并通过X-射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)技术对其晶型和形态进行表征.最后以酸性红B为模型污染物,探讨了N和F加入量、焙烧温度、焙烧时间、照射时间、催化剂用量、溶液初始浓度和照射功率等因素对N,F-TiO2可见光催化活性的影响.结果表明,制备的N,F-TiO2以锐钛型为主,N和F的掺杂对TiO2的晶相没有明显改变,但可以扩大TiO2的可见光响应范围.当N和F的加入量均为2.0%,且在500℃下焙烧40 min时,得到的N,F-TiO2的可见光催化活性明显高于单N或单F掺杂的TiO2(N-TiO2或F-TiO2).对于50 mL浓度为10.0 mg·L-1的酸性红B溶液,当催化剂加入量为1.5 g·L-1,128W光照3.0 h,溶液pH=5.6时,去除率为85.40%.适当延长光照时间至4.0 h,降解率几乎可达100%.另外,研究还证明了N,F-TiO2催化可见光降解过程中有.OH自由基生成.