硅藻土基纳米TiO2降解甲醛的实验研究

对比研究了硅藻土和硅藻土基纳米二氧化钛光催化剂对甲醛的吸附降解特点.通过改变反应器内甲醛的初始浓度、反应温度、光照强度和相对湿度,研究了涂覆量为62.5 g·m^-2的硅藻土基纳米TiO₂光催化剂对甲醛气体的降解效果.研究结果表明,硅藻土只对甲醛有一定的吸附作用,而硅藻土基纳米TiO₂对甲醛具有持续的吸附和降解作用.反应器内甲醛初始浓度越高,降解时间越长;初始浓度为6.0×10^-3 mg·L^-1的甲醛气体,经过150 h降解率才能达到99%以上,而初始浓度为2.0×10^-3 mg·L^-1和4.0×10^-3 mg·L^-1的甲醛气体分别在14 h和32 h内就可以达到相同的降解率.反应温度越高,硅藻土基纳米TiO₂降解甲醛所需要时间越短;15 ℃时将初始浓度为2.0×10^-3 mg·L^-1的甲醛完全降解需要50 h,而45 ℃时仅需12 h.光照是硅藻土基纳米TiO₂降解甲醛的直接动力,光照强度为0时,甲醛几乎不能被降解,只被硅藻土基纳米TiO₂光催化剂吸附;在8100 lx的照度下,浓度为2.0×10^-3 mg·L^-1的甲醛在14 h内能被完全降解.环境相对湿度越大,该催化剂对甲醛的降解越彻底;相对湿度50%时, 硅藻土基纳米TiO₂光催化剂14 h内能将2.0×10^-3 mg·L^-1的甲醛降解到3.72×10^-5 mg·L^-1,在相对湿度80%时,甲醛能被降解到1.0×10^-5 mg·L^-1.     

高效降解1,4-二烷的固态菌剂制备及其性能研究

1,4-二烷污染的生物修复效果很大程度上取决于其降解菌的活性和数量.本研究在前期获得1,4-二烷高效降解菌Xanthobacter flavus DT8的基础上,研究了该菌的扩大培养方法,并制备了易于贮藏和运输的固态菌剂,考察了菌剂的性能.实验结果表明,菌株X. flavus DT8可在富营养培养基中培养,较优的培养基配方为：Na₂HPO₄·12H₂O 1.0 g·L^-1,NH₄Cl 1.0 g·L^-1,MgSO₄·7H₂O 0.2 g·L^-1,酵母粉5.0 g·L^-1,蛋白胨1.0 g·L^-1,丙酮酸钠1.0 g·L^-1,pH 7.0~7.2.X. flavus DT8经发酵罐中扩大培养后,以草炭、硅藻土为载体,经进一步固态发酵制备了固态菌剂,微生物含量为2.17×10¹¹ CFU·g^-1,对1,4-二烷的降解效果明显优于活菌液.该菌剂具有良好的贮藏稳定性,4℃保藏90 d后对100 mg·L^-1的1,4-二烷48 h内去除率为63%;同时具有良好的底物广谱性,对醇类、苯系物和醚类物质也有很好的降解能力.     

间歇梯度曝气下缩短SRT强化短程SNEDPR系统脱氮除磷

为了探究间歇梯度曝气下污泥龄对氨氧化菌（AOB）和亚硝酸盐氧化菌（NOB）的影响,研究短程硝化内源反硝化除磷系统对于处理低C/N比生活污水的优势作用,本文采用SBR反应器培养好氧颗粒污泥,实验进水采用实际生活污水.结果表明,在SRT由50 d逐渐降低至30 d过程中,比氨氧化速率由3.16 mg·（g·h）^-1增加至4.38 mg·（g·h）^-1,比亚硝酸盐氧化速率由3.4 mg·（g·h）^-1降为1.8 mg·（g·h）^-1左右,可知NOB活性降低约44%,从而使系统实现了短程硝化.当SRT为30 d时,由典型周期实验可知亚硝酸盐最大积累量可达6.93mg·L^-1.由于系统中污泥浓度随SRT的减少而略有降低,因此在反应进行至40 d左右时根据DO曲线采取降低曝气量的策略,最终SRT为30 d时系统出水COD浓度为40.76 mg·L^-1,TN浓度为12.4 mg·L^-1,TP浓度为0.31 mg·L^-1,强化了系统中C、N和P的同步去除,最终得到了稳定运行的短程硝化内源反硝化除磷系统.同时好氧颗粒污泥EPS含量与SRT呈现负相关性,蛋白质含量由污泥龄为50 d的66.7 mg·g^-1升为30 d的95.1mg·g^-1,多糖保持在12.1~17.2 mg·g^-1的范围内,说明SRT的降低对蛋白质含量的影响较多糖大,当SRT为30 d时,PN/PS值保持在6.2左右,好氧颗粒污泥在该条件下仍能保持较好的结构稳定性.     

北京市典型土著沉水植物对水体中硝酸盐和正磷酸盐的耐受性研究

以北京市3种典型土著沉水植物轮叶黑藻、狐尾藻和金鱼藻为研究对象,构建模拟水生生态系统,研究3种沉水植物对水体中NO₃^-和PO₄^3-的耐受性并确定其耐受范围.同时,对植物体内过氧化氢酶、丙二醛、叶绿素和蛋白质4种指标进行检测.结果表明,轮叶黑藻对NO₃^-具有较强的耐受性,耐受浓度可达8 mg·L^-1,金鱼藻和狐尾藻次之,耐受浓度为3~5 mg·L^-1;狐尾藻对PO₄^3-的耐受性最差,耐受浓度约为0.2 mg·L^-1,轮叶黑藻和金鱼藻的耐受性相当,当PO₄^3-浓度达到0.4 mg·L^-1时开始出现显著胁迫.因此,在本研究的实验条件下,当水体NO₃^-浓度<5 mg·L^-1、PO₄^3-浓度<0.2 mg·L^-1时,建议3种沉水植物同时种植;当NO₃^-浓度>5 mg·L^-1时,建议种植轮叶黑藻;当PO₄^3-浓度为0.2~0.4 mg·L^-1时,建议种植轮叶黑藻和金鱼藻.研究结果可为北京市再生水补给河湖水库的水生态修复及其沉水植物群落的构建提供一定的理论指导.     

苯高效降解菌群富集及其降解机理研究

微生物绿色、低耗、原位修复去除污染土壤与地下水中可降解污染物日益受到关注.本研究从江苏某农药厂苯系物污染土壤中以苯为唯一碳源富集获得苯降解菌群.在28℃、pH=8.0、添加100 mg·L^-1酵母粉条件下,该菌群在6 h内完全降解100 mg·L^-1的苯,利用Q-TOF解析出苯酚和邻苯二酚等主要代谢产物,并通过PCR扩增出苯酚单加氧酶基因（GenBank登录号：MW388722）.该菌群30 h内可完全降解30 mg·L^-1的苯、甲苯和乙苯混合物,高通量测序结果显示该菌群主要含有Cupriavidus、Arthrobacter、Dyella、Corynebacterium、Microbacterium等菌属,其中Cupriavidus为优势菌,菌群群落结构稳定且可高效降解苯,具有潜在的应用前景.     

铁改性掺氮碳纤维活化过一硫酸盐降解双酚A

通过静电纺丝制备了Fe和N掺杂改性的碳纳米纤维（Fe-N-CNF）,研究了该催化剂活化过一硫酸盐（PMS）降解双酚A（BPA）的性能.以聚丙烯腈为前驱体通过添加FeCl₃、尿素、NH₄Cl、均苯四甲酸二酐等配制溶胶进行静电纺丝,预氧化并高温碳化后获得Fe-N-CNF,研究了Fe-N-CNF投加量、PMS投加量、溶液初始pH对BPA降解效果的影响.结果表明,当Fe-N-CNF投加量为1 g·L^-1,PMS投加量为2 mmol·L^-1,初始pH为5时,30 min内对初始浓度为20 mg·L^-1 BPA的降解率可达100%.自由基淬灭实验和电子自旋共振波谱（ESR）分析证明,该体系中起主要作用的活性氧物种是O₂^·-和¹O₂.同时研究了Fe-N-CNF/PMS体系对多种有机污染物的降解效果.     

菌株Pseudomonas sp. JF122降解苯酚同时还原Cr(VI)的条件优化及生长特性研究

采用富集培养法,从钢铁厂附近河流污泥中分离筛选到1株能同时降解苯酚与还原Cr(VI)的菌株JF122.在600 mg·L^-1苯酚与1.2 mg·L^-1 Cr(VI) 的条件下,采用单因素实验考察了温度、初始pH、该菌接种量等因素对其同时降解苯酚与还原Cr(VI)的影响,并通过正交试验L₉(3³)获得适宜的苯酚降解与Cr(VI)还原条件.结果表明,菌株JF122降解苯酚与还原Cr(VI)的适宜条件为:30 ℃、初始pH=6和接种量1%,此条件下,菌株JF122在56 h内能够降解600 mg·L^-1苯酚同时还原1.2 mg·L^-1 Cr(VI).应用响应曲面法建立了菌株JF122的生长与温度、初始pH、接种量等因素间关系的数学模型,并对其生长条件进行了优化.结果表明,菌株JF122最优生长条件与其降解苯酚并同时还原Cr(VI)的最优条件具有一致性.     

一株降解邻苯二甲酸酯真菌的筛选及其降解特性研究

采用富集培养法,从PAEs污染的农田土壤中筛选出1株邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物(PAEs)降解真菌F9,经形态学特征及18S rDNA序列分析,初步鉴定为爪哇正青霉(Eupenicillum javanicun).通过正交试验研究,得出菌株F9的最优降解条件是:C:N为20:1、pH为7.0、最佳PAEs初始浓度为50 mg·L^-1.菌株F9对土壤中复合PAEs(DMP、DEP和DOP)有良好的降解效果.在30 d培养期内,可将灭菌土壤中300 mg·kg^-1的PAEs降解65.2%,且培养第一阶段(0~15 d)的降解率远高于第二阶段(16~30 d).     

基于计算模拟与响应面分析漆酶对己烯雌酚的降解作用

己烯雌酚（Diethylstilbestrol,DES）作为水环境中最具雌激素活性的合成化合物之一,其给生物体和环境带来的危害已经引起人们的关注.本研究首先通过分子对接与分子动力学模拟从理论上分析漆酶与DES的相互作用;其次通过实验分析其降解动力学模型及不同反应条件和介质对漆酶催化转化DES的影响;最后使用响应面分析方法优化漆酶-ABTS系统催化转化DES的最佳条件.计算结果表明,漆酶与DES的反应能够自发进行且它们之间主要存在氢键和疏水作用力.实验结果表明,反应6 h左右,50 mg·L^-1的DES的降解率达到93%以上;根据Michaelis-Menten模型得到的动力学参数K_m和V_max分别为36.18 mg·L^-1和45.98 mg·L^-1·h^-1,模型的R²为0.99.漆酶催化降解DES的最佳pH为6,最佳温度为55℃.几种介质中,ABTS对漆酶催化降解DES的作用最强.通过响应面分析发现,在pH=5.5、55.98℃、1.52 mmol·L^-1 ABTS、31.52 mg·L^-1 DES的条件下,反应0.5 h后ABTS-漆酶系统可将DES完全降解.本研究可为漆酶催化转化DES提供理论基础和实验方法.     

诺氟沙星对地下水中反硝化过程的影响:反硝化酶活性的证据

为探究不同初始浓度诺氟沙星对地下水反硝化过程中NO₃^--N和NO₂^--N降解的影响,选取以乙酸钠为电子供体,硝酸盐为电子受体驯化的反硝化细菌进行厌氧反硝化批实验研究,从反硝化细菌生长特性和反硝化酶活性等方面揭示诺氟沙星对反硝化过程的影响机制.结果表明,浓度为10 μg·L^-1和100 μg·L^-1的诺氟沙星对反硝化细菌的生长及NO₃^--N降解均有抑制作用,100 μg·L^-1诺氟沙星对NO₃^--N降解的抑制程度更大,抑制率为77.3%;且100 μg·L^-1诺氟沙星减少了NO₂^--N积累,最大积累量降低了67.9%.诺氟沙星初始浓度大于10 μg·L^-1时抑制了硝酸盐还原酶活性,在此过程中,亚硝酸盐还原酶活性在一定程度上有所增强.反硝化酶活性与NO₃^--N及NO₂^--N降解规律相符.因此,诺氟沙星对反硝化酶活性的控制作用是其影响反硝化过程的主要原因.     

Parasitoid-induced mortality of Araneus omnicolor (Araneae, Araneidae) by Hymenoepimecis sp. (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) in southeastern Brazil

All species included in the Polysphincta genus-group develop as ectophagous parasitoids of active spiders, killing their hosts prior to pupation. However, little information regarding natural history and ovipositing behavior of most species are available. In this study we inspected 85 webs of Araneus omnicolor to evaluate the frequency of parasitism and host size preferences of the wasp Hymenoepimecis sp. We also described the web characteristics of normal and parasitized spiders and the wasp ovipositing behavior. About 41% of the adult females of A. omnicolor inspected were parasitized. The highest incidence of parasitism was observed among relatively small females while no egg or larva was found in large individuals. Araneus omnicolor builds a strong web composed of an orb and barrier threads, where the spider rests within a curled leaf. The parasitoid larva builds its cocoon within this refuge, and modified cocoon webs were not observed. The ovipositing behavior of Hymenoepimecis sp. was very similar to that of Hymenoepimecis argyraphaga parasitizing Leucauge argyra, including the position of the sting, the killing of a previously attached larva, and the expelling of the egg from the base of the ovipositor.     

黄土高原两种针叶树种不同器官水碳氮磷分配格局及其生态化学计量特征

植物不同器官水、碳、氮、磷等元素含量及其生态化学计量特征能够反映植物的生态策略及其环境适应性。本研究以黄土高原两种乡土树种油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)和柴松(Pinus tabulaefirmis f.shekanensis)为研究对象,分析了研究区两种树种水、碳、氮和磷在不同器官的含量及其生态化学计量特征,探讨了两种树种基于水、碳、氮和磷分配格局的生态适应策略。结果表明:(1)油松和柴松对水分和碳素的分配格局总体表现为根和叶最大,其次为枝和干,树皮最小;对氮、磷的分配格局则表现为叶片显著高于其他器官。(2)油松将更多的水和氮分配给叶、根等生产性器官,而柴松将更多的水和碳分配给枝、干等防御性器官,反映了柴松较油松具有更加保守的生长策略,能够更好适应逆境条件。(3)植物器官不同元素间通过相互耦合后可以表现出较好的相关性,反映了植物元素之间具有高度复杂的协同关系,这种协同关系的体现形式可能与植物类型及其对外界环境变化的生长适应策略密切相关。     

Spatial heterogeneity of cyanobacterial communities and genetic variation of Microcystis populations within large, shallow eutrophic lakes (Lake Taihu and Lake Chaohu, China)

Cyanobacteria, specifically Microcystis, usually form massive blooms in eutrophic freshwater lakes. Cyanobacterial samples were collected from eight sites of both Lake Taihu and Lake Chaohu in late summer to determine the diversity and distribution pattern of cyanobacteria and Microcystis in large, shallow, entropic lakes with significant spatial heterogeneity and long-term Microcystis bloom. Molecular methods based on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and clone library analysis were used. A similar heterogeneous distribution pattern of cyanobacteria in both lakes was observed. Most parts of these two lakes with high trophic level were dominated by Microcystis. However, in the regions with low trophic levels as well as low concentrations of chlorophyll a, Synechococcus occupied a considerable percentage. Different morphospecies and genotypes dominated the bloom-forming Microcystis populations in these two lakes. Microcystis viridis and Microcystis novacekii were dominant in Lake Chaohu, whereas Microcystis flos-aquae was dominant in Lake Taihu. Only 2 of the13 Microcystis operational taxonomic units were shared between these two lakes. Analysis of molecular variance based on 16S to 23S internal transcribed spacer sequences indicated the significant genetic differentiation of Microcystis between these two lakes (F_st = 0.19, p < 0.001). However, only 19.46% of the genetic variability was explained by the population variation between lakes, whereas most (80.54%) of the genetic variability occurred within the lakes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed no phylogeographic structure of Microcystis population in these two lakes, as illustrated by their cosmopolitan nature. Our results revealed that spatial heterogeneity within lakes has more impact on the cyanobacterial diversity than geographical isolation in a local scale.     

一株降解微囊藻毒素的缺陷短波单胞菌的分离鉴定及降解特性研究

从太湖水华腐烂蓝藻中筛选出一株能够降解MC-LR的细菌,将其编号为Q3.经形态、生理生化及16S rRNA基因序列分析鉴定为缺陷短波单胞菌(Brevundimonas diminuta).研究发现,在实验条件下该菌能以MC-LR为唯一碳源和氮源生长;7 d内可将初始浓度为0.96 mg·L-1的MC-LR降解为0.37 mg·L-1,降解效率达到61.5%.同时,本研究首次发现缺陷短波单胞菌能够降解藻毒素,并且在此菌种中扩增出了降解过程的关键基因mlr A,推测该菌可能与已报道的Sphingomonas sp.ACM-3962等菌具有相同的降解机制.     

Bacteria on housefly eggs, Musca domestica, suppress fungal growth in chicken manure through nutrient depletion or antifungal metabolites

Female houseflies, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae), lay their eggs in ephemeral resources such as animal manure. Hatching larvae compete for essential nutrients with fungi that also colonize such resources. Both the well-known antagonistic relationship between bacteria and fungi and the consistent presence of the bacterium Klebsiella oxytoca on housefly eggs led us to hypothesize (1) that K. oxytoca, and possibly other bacteria on housefly eggs, help curtail the growth of fungal resource competitors and (2) that such fungi indeed adversely affect the development of housefly larvae. Bacteria washed from housefly eggs significantly reduced the growth of fungi in chicken manure. Nineteen bacterial strains and ten fungal strains were isolated from housefly eggs or chicken manure, respectively. Co-culturing each of all the possible bacterium–fungus pairs revealed that the bacteria as a group, but no single bacterium, significantly suppressed the growth of all fungal strains tested. The bacteria's adverse effect on fungi is due to resource nutrient depletion and/or the release of antifungal chemicals. Well-established fungi in resources significantly reduced the number of larval offspring that completed development to adult flies. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

1株扑热息痛降解新菌株的选育及其代谢特性研究

通过选择性富集培养,从活性污泥样品中选育到1株能以扑热息痛为唯一碳源生长的好氧细菌F1.根据菌株F1的形态特征、生理生化特性、16S rRNA基因序列分析及和Biolog测试,初步鉴定为亲铜(Cupriavidus necator)菌属.菌株F1降解扑热息痛最适pH值和温度分别为7.0和30℃;菌株降解扑热息痛的过程遵...     

Intrageneric differences in the four stereoisomers of stenusine in the rove beetle genus, Stenus (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae)

Most species of the rove beetle genus Stenus employ the spreading alkaloid stenusine as an escape mechanism on water surfaces. In the case of danger, they emit stenusine from their pygidial glands, and it propels them over the water very quickly. Stenusine is a chiral molecule with four stereoisomers: (2′R,3R)-, (2′S,3R)-, (2′S,3S)-, and (2′R,3S)-stenusine. The percentile ratio of these four isomers is only known for the most common species of the genus: Stenus comma. With the intention of determining the stereoisomer ratios of five additional species from the two subgenera, Stenus and Hypostenus, we used GC/mass spectrometry measurements with a chiral phase. The results showed that the ratio differs among the genus. These findings can be a basis for chemotaxonomy. It is also possible that the biological function of stenusine, e.g., as antibiotic or fungicide, varies with changing stereoisomer composition.

Community fire use,resource change,and livelihood impacts: The downward spiral in the wetlands of southern Sumatra

Fire is an important community wetland management tool in Indonesia, but its increasing use in the wetlands of southern Sumatra is degrading the landscape and diminishing household incomes and livelihood options. We studied evolving community land and fire use, resource and livelihood impacts on two sites of roughly 250 km² each using satellite image analysis and biological and socio-economic surveys. Uncontrolled fire use expanded over time in relation to sonor or swamp rice cultivation, logging, fishing, grazing, and annual cropping on drained wetlands. As a result, most of the landscape has been subject to repeated fires of varying intensities, more extensive in El Niño years. Direct burning by companies played a smaller transitory role in fire ignition over the two decades. But company activities and other large-scale developments contributed to expanding community fire-based land use by bringing in more people, improving access to remote wetlands or making them more flammable. Widespread, repeated fires have transformed the landscape from mature high swamp forests to uniform stands of fire-resistant Gelam (Melaleuca cajuputi) forests and thickets, open savannas and grasslands. These new types of land cover are also degrading. Local communities have rapidly adapted to the changing resources and new opportunities. Logging and fishing declined in importance, and sonor and harvesting of Gelam expanded. But resource depletion has led to falling incomes and fewer livelihood options. The impacts extend beyond local areas as workers migrate into neighbouring forests to extract resources. Large-scale developments, community fire-based management practices and landscape transformation are spreading from accessible to formerly more remote wetlands.     

鸡粪热裂解对重金属Mn、Cu、Zn和Cr生物有效性的影响

畜禽粪便直接农用引起的重金属污染是社会普遍关注的问题,探索如何有效降低畜禽粪便重金属生物有效性的技术是急需解决的难题.本文通过分析鸡粪(CM)裂解前后Mn、Cu、Zn和Cr等4种重金属形态分布变化,并采用林地大型盆栽试验研究添加CM和鸡粪炭(CMB)处理对湿地松地上部分重金属吸收状况的影响.结果表明,与CM直接还田相比,添加CMB(400℃)处理降低Mn、Cu和Zn在湿地松地上部分的吸收量和富集系数,而处理之间植株Cr元素的吸收量和富集系数差异不显著. Tessier连续提取结果表明, Mn、Cu和Zn的交换态含量分别由CM的94.8、10.0和34.9 mg·kg~(-1)显著降为CMB的16.6 mg·kg~(-1)、未检测出和1.8 mg·kg~(-1). CM裂解成CMB后, Cr元素残渣态含量显著提高.从元素质量守恒来看, CM制成CMB后Mn、Cu、Zn和Cr损失率分别为29.3%、35.6%、33.5%和3.3%.裂解油中Mn、Cu、Zn和Cr的金属总量分别占CM金属损失量的51.7%、53.0%、32.9%和13.1%. CM裂解成CMB后,91.7%的交换态Mn、几乎100%交换态Cu和97.5%的交换态Zn会随裂解转化为铁锰氧化态、有机结合态和残渣态形式或挥发而降低有效性. 1年盆栽试验结果表明,在CMB处理中,土壤Mn、Cu和Zn交换态含量显著低于CM处理.相关性分析发现,植物体内重金属吸收量与土壤金属有效态含量显著相关,而与总量相关性不明显.由此可见,将鸡粪制成鸡粪炭是一种有效降低Mn、Cu和Zn生物有效性的途径.     

渤海龙口湾沉积物中烃类物质的分布特征、来源解析及风险评价

随着《山东半岛蓝色经济区发展规划》（国函[2011]）的实施,龙口湾的海洋开发活动得到空前发展,人类活动不仅影响了其潮汐和沉积环境,也使石油类成为该海域主要污染物之一.采用网格布点法采集了龙口湾表层（0~5 cm）沉积物样品,使用GC-MS对烃类物质（正构烷烃和多环芳烃）进行研究,通过其特征参数和比值丰度识别沉积物中有机物来源及污染排放源,并对沉积物进行生态风险评价.结果表明:正构烷烃参数碳优势指数（CPI_25-35）最大值为1.5（< 4）,陆海比（TAR）和海洋与水生输入比（P_mar-aq）的范围分别为0.15~1.08和0.28~0.74,指示沉积物中有机物的海源性浮游动植物贡献较大;nC₁₆指数〔w（∑C_11-36）/w（nC₁₆）〕最大值为20.76（< 30）,且71%站位的天然正构烷烃比率（NAR）值小于0,说明海洋开发活动造成了石油类污染物注入.沉积物中2环、3环PAHs（多环芳烃）的占比均超过50%,16种PAHs的总浓度范围为460.03~2 448.29 ng/g,平均值为1 328.60 ng/g,且86%的站位达到PAHs的中度、重度污染;PAHs的特征比值分析指示,龙口湾沉积物中PAHs属于石油和燃烧源的混合来源.以沉积物中PAHs含量为基础,与加拿大土壤质量指南比较,结果显示低分子量PAHs（Acy、Ace、Flu、Phe和Ant）偶尔会产生生态危害;致癌性PAHs比重（∑Car-PAHs）和BaP毒性当量（TEQ_BaP）综合评价表明,在当前的经济开发活动下龙口湾沉积物中PAHs具有一定的潜在毒性,但处于安全水平内.研究显示,龙口湾沉积物中正构烷烃属于陆源、海源和石油烃混合来源;PAHs主要属于石油和燃烧源的混合来源,其生态风险处于安全水平.