燃煤电厂电改袋式除尘器气流分布数值分析

利用CFD方法对燃煤电厂电改袋式除尘器气流分布进行数值分析,给出了袋式除尘器箱体流量分配,每个滤袋单元处理风量、滤袋迎面气流速度大小和分布.数值分析结果与模型试验、现场测试结果基本吻合,可作为除尘器结构设计优化的依据.     

某燃煤电厂锅炉除尘器“电改袋”后问题的数值模拟分析

针对某燃煤电厂除尘器“电改袋”后运行中出现的设备阻力较高、滤袋破损、收尘灰斗灰量不均匀问题进行分析.采用数值模拟分析方法对除尘器内部的气流组织进行模拟试验研究,结合现场实际设备建立了物理模型,对除尘空间颗粒物沉积进行了理论分析,结果表明进入除尘器的颗粒物(200 μm以下)沉降速度低于1.5 m/s.把含尘气体近似为气相气流,采用Realizable κ-ε紊流模型进行该袋式除尘器除尘空间流场计算,结果表明除尘区中间气流平均上升速度达到1.0 m/s,在该上升气流作用下大部分颗粒物难以自然沉积是造成阻力增大的主要原因之一;采用长流程设计除尘空间会造成袋底下部空间的气流速度较大,前大后小,平均相差达到4倍左右,造成滤袋收尘量后移,它是造成滤袋破损和阻力升高的主要原因;各仓室流量分配相差11％～13％及各仓室滤袋流量分配不均容易造成局部滤袋破损几率增高.     

燃煤电厂袋式除尘器滤袋材料选择

结合某电厂“上大压小”改建工程中2台600 MW机组配套电袋除尘器的实际情况,分析了滤袋材料的选择原则及更换原因,论述了袋式除尘器滤袋材料对烟气的适应性,为燃煤电厂袋式除尘器滤袋材料的选择提供参考.     

袋式除尘器静电强化试验取得良好成效

据美国空气污染控制协会1987年年会资料介绍,袋式除尘器通过静电作用强化,其投资可比传统袋式除尘器降低25％～48％。静电强化是将高压电极放在滤袋内,与袋同心,在袋与电极间建立电场,改变了袋内粉尘沉积的方式。小型试验结果表明,经静电强化的袋式除尘器压降可比传统的降低达70％。因此,对于同样压降水平,静电强化可使气布比大     

新力电厂袋式除尘器滤袋长寿命原因探讨

郑州新力电力有限公司5号炉电除尘器2003年改造为袋式除尘器,该除尘器的滤袋突破传统4年的使用寿命,已达到6年运行使用时间,经检测滤袋预期使用寿命至少还有6个月以上。着重介绍了袋式除尘器的设计、制造、安装、运行及维护管理等方面的经验,并分析研究了滤袋长寿命的成因。     

循环流化床锅炉袋式除尘器改造研究

内蒙古鄂尔多斯双欣电力公司2×300 t/h循环流化床锅炉烟气除尘应用袋式除尘器,投运后除尘器一直存在运行阻力偏高、滤袋破损频繁问题,严重影响锅炉负荷。通过试验测试和数值模拟分析,对滤袋破损原因、烟气参数、除尘器结构型式和流场分布问题进行全面研究,提出科学合理的袋式除尘器改造优化方案;改造实施后,降低设备运行阻力700 Pa,降低引风机电耗,实现锅炉满负荷稳定运行,解决了滤袋破损问题,为企业节约运行成本,创造了经济效益。     

我国袋式除尘器的技术进步

近十年来，我国袋式除尘产业获得迅速发展，技术不断进步，现分述如下：1袋式除尘器结构形式的改进袋式除尘器从小型单室结构发展到大型多室结构，过滤面积从几平米发展到几万平米，规模越来越大，耗钢量越来越多。因此，优化箱体结构，降低耗钢量已成为袋式除尘器技术进步的一个重要方面。1．1采用滤袋框架整体安装的单元组合形式，开发多种结构紧凑轻巧的袋式除尘器新产品。如KB型快装振打玻纤扁袋除尘器，利用玻纤织物抗拉伸，耐高温，易清灰的特点，将其来回搞折绷紧缝合在框架上，通过框架振打，实现清灰，耗钢量仅为15kg／m’，是我…     

袋式除尘器喷吹管内气流数值模拟分析

采用流体动力学CFD软件对脉冲袋式除尘器中喷吹管内气流进行数值模拟分析,给出了喷吹管内静压、气流速度分布、脉冲喷吹时喷吹口内气体质量流量,分析了喷吹口内气流速度的方向,为袋式除尘器喷吹系统的改进和设计提供理论依据.     

燃煤电厂袋式除尘器入口烟道烟气温度偏差调整

应用计算流体力学（CFD）方法对某燃煤电厂袋式除尘器入口烟道烟气流场进行了三维数值模拟研究,分析了导致除尘器入口烟道烟气温度偏差的原因,主要是由于回转式空气预热器的工作原理所致。为此,提出了减小除尘器入口烟道烟气温度偏差的方向及措施,为燃煤电厂除尘器入口烟道的改造、设计提供参考。     

电-袋式除尘器的仿真设计研究

以电-袋式除尘器为研究对象,建立了一系列仿真数学模型,并以这些模型为基础,以原始参数为依据,设计了一套适用于200MW机组的电-袋式除尘器.并利用Auto-CAD绘制了电-袋式除尘器的整体结构图.最后,从投资、运行维护费用以及环境效益的角度对电除尘器、袋式除尘器和电-袋式除尘器的经济性进行对比分析,得出电-袋式除尘器在诸多方面都优于前两种除尘器的结论.     

Determination of the Thermal Efficiency of Pre-boilover Burning of a Slick of Oil on Water

The burning rate of a slick of oil on a water bed is calculated by a simple expression derived from a one-dimensional heat conduction equation. Heat feedback from the flame to the surface is assumed to be a constant fraction of the total energy released by the combustion reaction. The constant fraction (χ) is named the burning efficiency and represents an important tool in assessing the potential of in situ burning as a counter-measure to an oil-spill. The total heat release, as a function of the pool diameter, is obtained from an existing correlation. It is assumed that radiative heat is absorbed close to the fuel surface, that conduction is the dominant mode of heat transfer in the liquid phase and that the fuel boiling temperature remains constant. By matching the characteristic thermal penetration length scale for the fuel/water system and an equivalent single layer system, a combined thermal diffusivity can be calculated and used to obtain an analytical solution for the burning rate. Theoretical expressions were correlated with crude oil and heating oil, for a number of pool diameters and initial fuel layer thickness. Experiments were also conducted with emulsified and weathered crude oil. The simple analytical expression describes well the effects of pool diameter and initial fuel layer thickness permitting a better observation of the effects of weathering, emulsification and net heat feedback to the fuel surface. Experiments showed that only a small fraction of the heat released by the flame is retained by the fuel layer and water bed (of the order of 1%). The effect of weathering on the burning rate decreases with the weathering period and that emulsification results in a linear decrease of the burning rate with water content.     

Review of the kinetics of alkaline degradation of cellulose in view of its relevance for safety assessment of radioactive waste repositories

The degradation of cellulose (a substantial component of low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste) under alkaline conditions occurs via two main processes: a peeling-off reaction and a basecatalyzed cleavage of glycosidic bonds (hydrolysis). Both processes show pseudo-first-order kinetics. At ambient temperature, the peeling-off process is the dominant degradation mechanism, resulting in the formation of mainly isosaccharinic acid. The degradation depends strongly on the degree of polymerization (DP) and on the number of reducing end groups present in cellulose. Beyond pH 12.5, the OH^- concentration has only a minor effect on the degradation rate. It was estimated that under repository conditions (alkaline environment, pH 13.3-12.5) about 10% of the cellulosic materials (average DP = 1000-2000) will degrade in the first stage (up to 10⁵ years) by the peeling-off reaction and will cause an ingrowth of isosaccharinic acid in the interstitial cement pore water. In the second stage (10⁵-10⁶ years), alkaline hydrolysis will control the further degradation of the cellulose. The potential role of microorganisms in the degradation of cellulose under alkaline conditions could not be evaluated. Proper assessment of the effect of cellulose degradation on the mobilization of radionuclides basically requires knowing the concentration of isosaccharinic acid in the pore water. This concentration, however, depends on several factors such as the stability of ISA under alkaline conditions, sorption of ISA on cement, formation of sparingly soluble ISA-salts, etc. A discussion of all the relevant processes involved, however, is far beyond the scope of the presented overview.     

Study of Aging Characteristics of Ternary Blends of Polyethylenes—II

Six film samples of low-density polypropylene (LDPE)/linear LDPE (LLDPE)/high-density polypropylene (HDPE) with varying ratios of LDPE (20–45 ... wt%) and LLDPE (25–50 wt%) having a fixed amount of HDPE at 30 wt% were prepared by blown film extrusion technique. The samples were aged at four different temperatures, 55°, 70°, 85°, and 100°C, for four different time periods in the interval of between 150 hours and up to 600 hours. The change in the structure of various constituents and the formation of various oxygenated (peroxy and hydroperoxy) and unsaturated groups during thermo-oxidative degradation was discussed by infrared spectroscopy. The visiosity-average molecular weight was found to have decreased slowly in the initial aging hours and temperatures, whereas it decreased by 10% with its previous value tensile strength that is, 100°C when aged for 600 hours. The tensile strength of the sample first increased by 67% at 55°C and 89% at 70°C up to 450 hours, whereas the values increased by 52.5% at 85°C and 33.9% at 100°C when aged for 150 hours and then decreased. The percentage elongation at break increased by 2.7% at 55°C and 10.7% at 70°C for 150 and 300 hours of aging, respectively, whereas the percentage decreased when aged at 85°C and 100°C for up to 600 hours of aging. The values of gel content (percent) increased and initial degradation temperature decreased with aging time and temperature.     

Calculation of carbon balances for evaluation of the biodegradability of polymers

Establishing carbon balances has been proven to be an applicable and powerful tool in testing biodegradability of polymers. In controlled degradation tests at a 4-L scale with the model polymer poly(-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), it was shown that the degree of degradation could not be determined with satisfactory accuracy from CO₂ release alone. Instead, the course of degradation was characterized by means of establishing carbon balances for the degradation of PHB withAcidovorax facilis and a mixed culture derived from compost. Different analytical methods for determining the different carbon fractions were adapted to the particular test conditions and compared. Quantitative determination of biomass and residual polymer were the main problems in establishing carbon balances. Amounts of biomass derived from protein measurements depend strongly on assumptions of the protein content of the biomass. Selective oxidation of biomass with hypochlorite was used as alternative, but here problems arose from insoluble metabolic products. Determination of soluble components with the method of chemical oxygen demand (COD) also includes empirical assumptions but seems acceptable if the dissolved carbon fraction is in the range of some 10% total carbon. Results confirm both analytical assays and theoretical approaches, in ending up at values very close to 100%, within an acceptable standard deviation range under test conditions comparable to standard test practice.Paper presented at the Bio/Environmentally Degradable Polymer Society—Third National Meeting, June 6–8, 1994, Boston, Massachusetts.     

富拉尔基发电总厂200MW机组除尘器改造

对富拉尔基发电总厂5号炉的设计条件进行了分析，针对燃用低硫煤，飞灰比电阻高，场地较小，除尘效率要求高的情况，在电除尘器的设计上采取有效措施，达到了排放要求。     

Selection of adsorbents for treatment of leachate: batch studies of simultaneous adsorption of heavy metals

The simultaneous adsorption of copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) ions from spiked deionized water and spiked leachate onto natural materials (peat A and B), by-product or waste materials (carbon-containing ash, paper pellets, pine bark, and semi-coke), and synthetic materials (based on urea-formaldehyde resins, called blue and red adsorbents) or mixtures thereof was investigated. The adsorbents that gave the highest metal removal efficiencies were peat A, a mixture of peat B and carbon-containing ash, and a mixture of peat A and blue. At an initial concentration of 5 mg/l for each metal, the removal of each species of metal ion from spiked water and spiked leachate solutions was very good (>90%) and good (>75%), respectively. When the initial concentration of each metal in the solutions was twenty times higher (100 mg/l), there was a noticeable decrease in the removal efficiency of Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Ni²⁺, but not of Pb²⁺. Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacities, q_m, on peat A were found to be 0.57, 0.37, and 0.36 mmol/g for Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Ni²⁺, respectively. The order of metal adsorption capacity on peat A was the same in the case of competitive multimetal adsorption conditions as it was for single-element adsorption, namely Pb²⁺ > Cd²⁺ ≥ Ni²⁺. The results show that peat alone (an inexpensive adsorbent) is a good adsorbent for heavy metal ions.     

Effects of temperature on the release of nutrient elements of solid organic materials under conditions of oversaturation

The effects of temperature on the release of chemical components of six solid organic materials under conditions of oversaturation were investigated in this paper. The six materials were peat moss (PM), weathered coals (WC), charred rice husks (CRH), sawdust (Sd), turfgrass clippings (TC), and chicken manure (CM). Significant differences were observed in the available nitrogen and phosphorus content of the aqueous extracts of organic materials at different temperatures. The available nitrogen content in aqueous extracts of PM and WC at 25 °C was higher than that registered at 15 °C and 35 °C. Available nitrogen content in the aqueous extracts of CRH, Sd, TC, and WC at 35 °C was higher than at 15 °C and 25 °C. The available phosphorus content in the aqueous extracts of organic materials at 35 °C was higher than that available at 15 °C and 25 °C, with the exception of Sd. In addition, the release of available phosphorus in the aqueous solution of organic materials at different temperatures varied constantly for 108 h. The release of potassium (K⁺) and sodium (Na⁺) ions in the aqueous extracts of organic materials was basically steady over time, with the exception of CM. High temperature (35 °C) may significantly hasten the release of K⁺ from organic substrates (except for WC) with low temperatures significantly inhibiting release of K⁺ in Sd and CRH. High temperatures (35 °C) might significantly facilitate the release of Na⁺ in CM and TC. However, no significant differences were manifested in the release of Na⁺ from organic substrates at different temperatures, with the exception of CM and TC. Moreover, no significant differences were observed in the release of calcium, magnesium and iron ions with time, nor were there any significant differences in the contents of iron ions in the aqueous extracts of organic materials at different temperatures. The results indicate that multiple mediums should be pretreated in water for a week before being used for planting. They should be used when all mineral elements of organic materials are steady and ignoring the effect of organic mediums.     

Kinetics of Hydrolytic Degradation of PLA

The chemical recycling of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) to its monomer is crucial to reduce both the consumption of renewable resources for the monomer synthesis and the environmental impact related to its production and disposal. In particular, the production of lactic acid from PLA wastes, rather than from virgin raw materials, it is also possible to achieve considerable primary energy savings. The focus of this work is to analyse deeply the PLA hydrolytic decomposition by means of a kinetic model based on two reactions mechanism. To this end, new experimental data have been gathered in order to investigate a wider temperature range (from 140 to 180 °C) and to extend the water/PLA ratio up to 50 % of PLA by weight. The reported results clearly highlight that more than 95 % of PLA is hydrolyzed to water-soluble lactic acid within 120 min, when it is hydrolyzed within 160–180 °C. Furthermore, the kinetic constant is highly influenced by reaction temperature. The proposed “two reactions” kinetic mechanism complies satisfactorily with the experimental data under analysis.     

Effect of depth of landfill on the characteristics of soil-like material of aged waste: a case study of Bhalswa dumpsite,India

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - This study characterizes the municipal solid waste (MSW) accumulated for more than 25 years at Bhalswa dumpsite, Delhi, India. 50...     

燃煤催化剂的废弃物资源开发

介绍了燃煤催化剂的成份,说明其废弃物资源的丰富性,指出开发过程中应注意的事项.