2007—2017年三亚城市景观空间格局动态特征及驱动因素分析

应用2007—2017年期间4个时间点的遥感影像数据,选取典型景观格局指数,对三亚市的景观空间格局动态特征进行分析,探求其驱动因素。研究表明：近十年来,三亚市内同种土地利用类型的空间聚集程度降低,空间分布逐渐趋向于分散,不同类型的土地之间相互融合度较高,形状趋于复杂化,景观类型分布趋势呈均衡化,景观的破碎化程度加强,景观复杂程度增高,土地利用的丰富程度逐渐加强。通过驱动因素分析,国家政策的导向、城市总体规划的实施、产业结构调整及自然环境的变化是影响三亚城市景观空间格局变化的主要驱动因素。     

基于遥感和Markov模型的新疆生产建设兵团土地利用变化

通过对兵团土地利用空间格局变化分析,选择合适的土地利用政策保护生态环境。运用RS和GIS技术对兵团近10年土地利用/覆被变化及景观格局空间变化进行分析,并在此基础上运用Markov模型对未来30年土地利用变化进行预测。2000—2010年,新疆生产建设兵团景观多样性升高,连通性增强,形状愈来愈简单,景观格局整体变化不大;草地、灌丛、湿地、荒漠和冰川/永久积雪面积减少,耕地和城镇面积增加,森林保持稳定;人为干扰对土地利用结构的变化具有重要作用,土地利用强度受人为活动影响的同时受土地利用政策影响;在未来30年间耕地和城镇面积继续增加,除森林基本保持不变外其他土地利用类型均减小。兵团城镇用地与草地和耕地之间的矛盾逐渐显现,势必引起兵团生态格局的变化。因此,必须实行合适的土地利用政策保护环境。     

锡林浩特市露采煤炭区土地利用的扰动分析

利用锡林浩特市周边3个时期(2005,2009和2015年)的Landsat系列遥感影像,采用监督分类及人机交互解译的方法,将研究区土地利用类型分为露天采场、剥离区、排土场、矿山工业场地、农用地、城市建设用地和草地7类,对土地利用和土地覆被变化(Land-Use and Land-Cover Change,LUCC)进行分析。结果表明,草原区露天煤矿开发对草原生态系统扰动剧烈,采矿作业区(露天采场、剥离区、排土场、矿山工业场地)的面积及占比呈上升趋势,草地的面积及占比不断减少;土地利用变化转移矩阵表明,采矿扰动因素中,排土场对LUCC影响较大,对排土场进行有效复垦,可减缓生态环境破坏速度,对保护脆弱的草原生态系统具有重要意义;提出草原露采煤炭区LUCC的遥感监测可以准确反映矿区土地利用变化的动态过程和发展趋势,为矿区生态重建提供科学支持。     

干旱区内陆湖泊流域景观格局变化及其对生态环境的影响

以我国干旱区典型内陆湖泊流域——新疆艾比湖流域为研究区,对其平原区1990--2005年的景观格局动态变化特征进行了研究。结果表明,1990--2005年,研究区农田、湿地及人居地景观的面积增加,其中以农田景观的面积增加量最大;而林地、草地、沙地、戈壁和盐碱地景观的面积呈减少趋势,其中草地、盐碱地和林地景观面积减少较多;各景观类型中以盐碱地、林地、草地和戈壁的转出率较高,而以农田、人居地的转入率较高;研究区景观组份构成没有大的变化,戈壁依然是研究区景观的基质。景观格局变化对区域生态环境的影响主要表现为：农田斑块数量和面积的增加,加大了区域水资源利用压力;林地、草地斑块面积减少,使得平原区绿洲遭受风沙的危害性增大;沙地、戈壁和盐碱地面积减少,使绿洲不同区域生态环境呈现不同变化特征;湿地斑块面积略有增加,对减少艾比湖流域沙尘危害较为有利。     

新疆艾比湖流域平原区景观植被属性特征研究

在对新疆艾比湖流域平原区进行景观生态分类的基础上,利用“3S”技术叠置研究区草地资源类型图与景观类型图,对研究区景观植被属性特征进行分析。结果表明,研究区主要为荒漠、草原和草甸,共有33个植物群落类型,小蓬荒漠、梭梭荒漠、刚毛柽柳荒漠等各类荒漠面积合计约占研究区总面积的74．10％,芦苇草甸、含胡杨的芦苇草甸及矮嵩草草甸等各类草甸及草原面积也较大,占研究区总面积的18．34％。     

射电望远镜项目周边地区土地利用结构合理度评价

以射电望远镜(FAST)项目周边的平塘县、罗甸县为研究区域,利用遥感数据和“3S”技术手段,结合相关统计资料,从土地利用结构系统、土地利用程度系统、土地利用效益系统、土地利用可持续系统4个方面,选取18个指标构建土地利用结构合理度评价指标体系,运用ITOPSIS模型对研究区土地利用结构合理度进行定量评价。结果表明:研究区土地利用结构合理度较低,且存在时空变化差异。2000年、2005年、2013年平均土地利用结构合理度分别为27.45%、29.84%、17.76%,呈先增大后减小波动变化趋势;2000、2005年平塘县土地利用结构合理度均高于罗甸县,2013年略低于罗甸县。     

利用GE Plus快速解译土地利用类型和辅助制图

GE Plus超强版比GE普通版具有更强的空间编辑功能。本文介绍了一种利用GE Plus超强版软件,无需使用ArcGIS等专用地理信息软件和无需购买高分辨率遥感影像实现区域土地利用类型快速解译和辅助制图的方法。该方法主要使用GE中工具菜单、添加菜单和标尺工具栏完成区域土地利用类型快速解译和辅助制图。本文以乌鲁木齐市某社区为例,成功完成了案例区基于高分辨率遥感影像的土地利用类型信息提取和快速制图,并附经纬度和比例尺,可为开展建设项目工业场地类环境影响评价和建设项目竣工环保验收监测(调查)工作提供基础数据和背景资料。     

基于RS与GIS的水土保持生态功能区生态状况评估

以河南省大别山水土保持国家重点生态功能区为研究区,基于RS与GIS获取2012年和2017年研究区植被覆盖、土地利用、土壤侵蚀等遥感解译数据,从生态功能、生态结构和生态压力3个方面,采用综合指数法,对研究区生态状况进行动态监测与评价。结果表明,2012—2017年间,研究区土地利用结构发生较明显的变化,林草地覆盖率上升9.85%,耕地和建设用地面积比上升13.23%,水域湿地面积比变化不大;植被覆盖指数上升 62.74%,中度以上土壤侵蚀面积比略有增加;生态状况变化度ΔF=4.95,整体生态状况等级由良变为优,生态状况变化度评级为显著变好。     

近40年洞庭湖区地表景观演变及气候潜在响应特征

通过耦合多源遥感数据,研究1980—2015年洞庭湖区地表景观格局演变及其潜在气候响应特征。结果表明,洞庭湖区土地利用类型以耕地为主,占总面积63.67%;水体次之,占23.75%;草地最少,占0.15%。1980年以来耕地面积剧烈减少,减少342.71 km2;建设用地和水体面积呈上升趋势,分别增加278.16 km2和132.55 km2;土地利用转化方式以耕地向建设用地转化为主,转化面积232.70 km2;区域地表景观进一步破碎与复杂化。相关性分析表明,土地利用变化与降水相关性较弱,而与气温呈较显著的相关关系。此外,区域景观格局演变与气温上升呈较强的正相关关系。     

淮北中湖采煤沉陷区治理前后景观格局变化研究

基于淮北中湖采煤沉陷区2005年、2014年和2018年的遥感影像进行地表景观解译,研究治理前后该区景观格局变化特征及生态效应.结果表明:治理前,该区耕地破碎化加剧、景观优势最大并持续减弱,沉陷积水区水体呈聚集化趋势;治理后,景观基质由耕地变为水体,林地、草地面积显著增加且景观优势上升,人工湖泊水体聚集程度高.区域景观...     

Trends in land use and land cover change in the protected and communal areas of the Zambezi Region,Namibia

Land management decisions have extensively modified land use and land cover in the Zambezi Region. These decisions are influenced by land tenure classifications, legislation, and livelihoods. Land use and land cover change is an important indicator for quantifying the effectiveness of different land management strategies. However, there has been no evidence on whether protected or communal land tenure is more affected by land use and land cover changes in southern Africa and particularly Namibia. Our study attempted to fill this gap by analyzing the relationship between land use and land cover change and land tenure regimes stratified according to protected and communal area in the Zambezi Region. Multi-temporal Landsat TM and ETM+ imagery were used to determine the temporal dynamics of land use and land cover change from 1984 to 2010. The landscape showed distinctive modifications over the study period; broad trends include the increase in forest land after 1991. However, changes were not uniform across the study areas. Two landscape development stages were deduced: (1) 1984–1991 represented high deforestation and gradual increase in shrub land; (2) 1991–2000 and 2000–2010 represented lower deforestation and slower agropastoral expansion. The results further show clear patterns of the dynamics, magnitude, and direction of land use and land cover change by tenure regime. The study concluded that land tenure has a direct impact on land use and land cover, since it may restrict some activities carried out on the land in the Zambezi Region.     

Regional landscape-ecological planning and desertification control in arid regions of the Commonwealth of Independent States

Scale-dependent present-day landscape mapping and assessment were used to study the relationship among physical environment, land use, and degree of landscape modification in the Aral Sea region and the Karakum Desert, areas prone to desertification in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Applying geographic information system (GIS) techniques at global (1:15,000,000), regional (1:1,000,000), and local (1:300,000) scales, researchers found that large-scale landscape assessment and mapping allow them to recognize landscape changes under desertification processes and assess the type and intensity of these processes. Remote sensing has been widely used to evaluate data reliability, to fill information gaps, and to reveal the dynamics of land use types resulting from landscape changes.     

The role of environmental and socio-demographic indicators in the analysis of land use changes in a protected area of the Natura 2000 Network: the case study of Lake Trasimeno,Umbria, Central Italy

This article sets out to analyse how and to what degree land use is linked to the physical characteristics of the territory itself, and the way in which changes in land use are determined by agricultural and socio-demographic dynamics. The study was conducted within the territorial boundaries of five municipalities surrounding Lake Trasimeno and refers to the periods 1977–2000 for land use and 1971–2001 for socio-demography data. The use of environmental, social, economic and agricultural indicators demonstrates how a mix of various indicators are useful for monitoring the changes which took place. It also shows the powerful influence that socio-demographic factors exert upon land use and landscape change.     

Seasonal variations in the relationship between landscape pattern and land surface temperature in Indianapolis, USA

This paper intended to examine the seasonal variations in the relationship between landscape pattern and land surface temperature based on a case study of Indianapolis, United States. The integration of remote sensing, GIS, and landscape ecology methods was used in this study. Four Terra's ASTER images were used to derive the landscape patterns and land surface temperatures (LST) in four seasons in the study area. The spatial and ecological characteristics of landscape patterns and LSTs were examined by the use of landscape metrics. The impact of each land use and land cover type on LST was analyzed based on the measurements of landscape metrics. The results show that the landscape and LST patterns in the winter were unique. The rest of three seasons apparently had more agreeable landscape and LST patterns. The spatial configuration of each LST zone conformed to that of each land use and land cover type with more than 50% of overlap in area for all seasons. This paper may provide useful information for urban planers and environmental managers for assessing and monitoring urban thermal environments as result of urbanization.     

An examination of the effect of landscape pattern, land surface temperature, and socioeconomic conditions on WNV dissemination in Chicago

This paper developed an approach by the synthesis of remote sensing, landscape metrics, and statistical methods to examine the effects of landscape pattern, land surface temperature, and socioeconomic conditions on the spread of West Nile virus (WNV) caused by mosquitoes and animal hosts in Chicago, USA. Land use/land cover and land surface temperature images were derived from Terra’s Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer imagery. An analytical procedure using landscape metrics was developed, applying configuration analysis of landscape patterns in the study area. The positive reports of mosquitoes and animal hosts for WNV in fall, 2001–2006, were collected from the Cook County Public Health Department. Forty-nine municipalities were found to have WNV-positive records in mosquitoes and animal hosts in fall 2004. Socioeconomic data were obtained from the 2000 US Census. Statistical analysis was applied to WNV data in fall 2004 to identify the relationship between potential predictors and WNV spread. As a result, landscape factors, such as landscape aggregation index and the urban areas and areas of grass and water, showed strong correlations with the WNV-positive records. Socioeconomic conditions, such as the population over 65 years old, also showed a strong correlation with WNV-positive records. Thermal conditions of water showed a less but still considerable correlation to WNV-positive records. This research offers an opportunity to explore the effects of landscape pattern, land surface temperature, and socioeconomic conditions on the spread of WNV caused by mosquitoes and animal hosts. Results can contribute to public health and environmental management in the study area.     

A Landscape Ecology Assessment of the Tensas River Basin

A group of landscape ecological indicators were applied to biophysical data masked to the Tensas River Basin. The indicators were used to identify and prioritize sources of nutrients in a Mississippi/Atchafalaya River System sub-basin. Remotely sensed data were used for change detection assessment. With these methods, we were able to look at land use practices over the past twenty years in the Tensas River Basin of Louisiana. A simple land use classification was applied to multispectral scanner (MSS) data from 1972 and 1991. The landscape analysis methods described in this paper will show how to use these methods to assess the impact of human land use practices that are being implemented to improve environmental quality. Landscape assessment methods can be used as a simple, timely, cost effective approach for monitoring, targeting, and modeling ecosystem health in watersheds. Although this study was conducted in the southeast, the methods described in this paper may be applicable to western landscapes.     

Land use/land cover change and their effects on landscape patterns in the Yanqi Basin, Xinjiang (China)

Human modification of land use and land cover change (LUCC) drives the change of landscape patterns and limits the availability of products and services for human and livestock. LUCC can undermine environmental health. Thus, this study aimed to develop an understanding of LUCC in the Yanqi Basin, Xinjiang, China, an arid area experiencing dramatic water and land resource use. A time series of satellite images (1964, 1973, 1989, 1999, and 2009) were used to calculate the index of landscape patterns to study the processes involved in changes to land uses and landscape patterns and the influence of this changes on landscape patterns. The results show that land uses in the Yanqi Basin have changed dramatically since 1964 with grassland being mainly converted to cropland. Landscape fragmentation and diversity have decreased in the study area, although landscape fragmentation increased from 1964 to 1999 and then decreased by 2009. The index of landscape diversity decreased from 1.64 in 1964 to 0.71 in 2009. The heterogeneity and complexity of the landscape increased during this period. In contrast, the index of dominance decreased from 0.85 in 1964 to 0.83 in 2009. Land use change drives landscape patterns of the development of the watershed toward diversity and a fragmented structure. Population growth, economic development, and industrial policies were the dominant driving forces behind LUCC in the Yanqi Basin. Sustainable use of land resources is a significant factor in maintaining economic development and environmental protection in this arid inland river basin.     

Spatial and temporal dynamics of land use pattern in Eastern Turkey: a case study in Gümüşhane

Recognition and understanding of landscape dynamics as a historical legacy of disturbances are necessary for sustainable management of forest ecosystems. This study analyzed spatial and temporal changes in land use and land cover patterns in a typical mountain watershed in the Gumushane district along the Northeastern part of Turkey. The area is investigated by comparing LANDSAT images from 1987 to 2000 and evaluated the temporal changes of spatial structure of forest conditions through spatial analysis of forest cover type maps from 1971 and 1987 using GIS and FRAGSTATS™. The results show a general decreasing trend in area of natural land cover types including broadleaf and conifer forests as well as coppice between 1971 and 1987 (0.54%, respectively). In contrast, between 1987 and 2000 this natural land cover types show increasing trend (1.6%). In parallel with forest dynamics, the area of managed land including lowland and upland agricultural areas, rangelands and grasslands increased during the first period and decreased during second period. In terms of spatial configuration, Gümüşhane forests aren’t generally fragmented by intensive forest utilization in the latter periods. This is partially due to out-migration of rural population in Gümüşhane. Nevertheless, land use pattern significantly changed over time depending on a few factors such as unregulated management actions, social pressure and demographic movements. The study revealed that demographic movements have a major effect on landscape dynamics.     

Impact of land use and land cover changes on ecosystem services in Menglun, Xishuangbanna, Southwest China

Changing the landscape has serious environmental impacts affecting the ecosystem services, particularly in the tropics. In this paper, we report changes in ecosystem services in relation to land use and land cover over an 18-year period (1988--2006) in the Menglun Township, Xishuangbanna, Southwest China. We used Landsat TM/ETM and Quickbird data sets to estimate changes in ten land use and land cover categories, and generalized value coefficients to estimate changes in the ecosystem services provided by each land category. The results showed that over the 18-year period, the land use and land cover in the study area experienced significant changes. Rubber plantations increased from 12.10% of total land cover to 45.63%, while forested area and swidden field decreased from 48.73 and 13.14 to 27.57 and 0.46%, respectively. During this period, the estimated value of ecosystem services dropped by US $11.427 million (approximately 27.73%). Further analysis showed that there were significant changes in ecological functions such as nutrient cycling, erosion control, climate regulation and water treatment as well as recreation; the obvious increase in the ecological function is provision of raw material (natural rubber). Our findings conclude that an abrupt shift in land use from ecologically important tropical forests and traditionally managed swidden fields to large-scale rubber plantations result in a great loss of ecosystem services in this area. Further, the study suggests that provision of alternative economic opportunities would help in maintaining ecosystem services and for an appropriate compensation mechanisms need to be established based on rigorous valuation.