确认制是预防事故的好方法

１确认是避免失误的有效方法一名泵工开泵送焦油,开泵以前先用蒸汽清扫泵出口管道,然后开泵送焦油。由于泵出口焦油压力比蒸汽压力大,焦油被压入蒸汽管道,又从蒸汽管道进入锅炉,由锅炉随蒸汽送往全厂。一时食堂的馒头上有了焦油,浴室的热水中有了焦油,洗衣房的水中...     

Dangerous good transportation by road: from risk analysis to emergency planning

Despite the relative recent move towards inherent safe materials, the relentless drive of consumerism requires increased quantities of dangerous goods to be manufactured, transported, stored and used year on year. The safety and effectiveness of road transport systems is to be considered a strategic goal in particular in those countries, like Italy, in which 80% of goods are transported by this means. In this paper, we face the risk from dangerous good transport by presenting a site-oriented framework for risk assessment and developing a theoretical approach for emergency planning and optimisation. In the first step, we collected field data on a pilot highway and developed a database useful to allow a realistic evaluation of the accident frequency on a given route, by means of multivariate statistical analysis. To this end, we considered both inherent factors (such as tunnels, bend radii, height gradient, slope etc), meteorological factors, and traffic factors (traffic frequency of tank truck, dangerous good truck etc.) suitable to modify the standard national accident frequency. By applying the results to a pilot area, referring to flammable and explosive scenarios, we performed a risk assessment sensitive to route features and population exposed. The results show that the risk associated to the transport of hazardous materials, in some highway stretches, can be at the boundary of the acceptability level of risk set down by the well known F/N curves established in the Netherlands. On this basis, in the subsequent step, we developed a theoretical approach, based on the graph theory, to plan optimal emergency actions. The effectiveness of an emergency planning can normally be evaluated in term of system quickness and reliability. As a case study, we applied the developed approach to identify optimal consistency and localisation in the pilot area of ‘prompt action vehicles’, properly equipped, quick to move and ready for every eventuality. Applying this method results in an unambiguous and consistent selection criterion that allows reduction of intervention time, in connection with technical and economic optimisation of emergency equipment.     

Why it was so difficult to develop new methods to inspect work organization and psychosocial risks in Sweden

In 2001–2003, the Swedish Work Environment Authority (SWEA) ran a project to develop better methods to inspect psychosocial risk factors at work. The objective was twofold: to develop methods to enable most inspectors to effectively inspect such health risks, and to set a standard for method development within SWEA. This article presents our evaluation of the project and a discussion of this as an example of regulatory implementation. The methods project largely failed. Major reasons were the lack of general provisions on psychosocial risks, isolation from other policies in SWEA that affect the inspection of such risks, and a lack of engagement and guidance by top management on how to prioritize and conduct this very challenging development project. Underlying this was possibly a preoccupation with other major internal reforms, a limited competence and an unwillingness to challenge the employers on psychosocial and organizational issues within SWEA’s top management. Yet, the project probably had some indirect positive effects by raising awareness within the authority of psychosocial risk factors, of the complexities of inspecting such risks and of the difficulty to develop effective methods to supervise them.     

Opinions on railway trespassing of people living close to a railway line

A survey was designed to investigate opinions on railway trespassing of people living close to a railway line. The results showed that 89.2% of the respondents (n = 502) recalled that they had seen trespassing in their neighbourhood and, based on their observations, adults are the largest group trespassing. Overall, 68.9% of the respondents had personal experience of trespassing although 83.5% considered trespassing to be fairly or highly dangerous and 81.0% assumed it to be illegal. The respondents supported countermeasures such as building an underpass or fencing off the tracks, and only a few of them indicated that nothing could be done to resolve the problem. In addition, education in schools on the dangers of trespassing was suggested. These results allow practitioners and researchers to see the problem from a local perspective and thus develop a better understanding. This in turn helps design effective countermeasures.     

让安全成为习惯

一年一度的全国“安全生产月”到来了。各级政府和广大企业正在紧锣密鼓地开展“安全生产月”的各项活动:“安全发展、国泰民安”的横幅、标语、彩旗、招贴画迎风招展;演讲、竞赛、签名、“万里行”轰轰烈烈;安全检查层层推行。人力、物力、时间的花费是巨大的。其实,这一切只为培养我们的一个最基本的行为和思维习惯:安全。安全是每个人最基本的生存需要;安全是企业存在的基础;安全是国家经济发展的保障;安全是执政为民、以人为本的根基。因为安全,才能发展;因为发展,才能国泰;因为国泰,才能民安。其实,这个基本的道理我们都懂,但我们还需…     

抓好环保节能工作 促进可持续发展

中国钢铁工业协会环保与节能工作委员会成立已有 8个月了 ,委员会成立以来 ,在大家支持下 ,我们在推进行业环保与节能工作 ,为企业增效 ,全面走向新世纪的可持续发展等方面 ,扎扎实实办实事 ,取得了一些进展。1　关于委员会的组织建设今年 4月 2 0日成都会议上 ,中国钢铁工业协     

浅谈危险化学品事故应急救援预案的演练

做好应急预案的演练工作,需要制定较完善的应急预案,成立权威性的救援机构,配备能充分理解和掌握预案的救援人员,培养一支称职的救援队伍,并针对预案做好培训和宣传。为了使应急救援能够真正在事故发生时起到减少损失的作用,必须通过演练,通过设定切合实际的事故模型,提高处置突发事件的组织指挥、配合响应、物资供给、技术支持及心理素质等方面的综合能力,进一步提高安全保障系数精心组织,合理利用救援资源。演练结束要总结经验,进一步完善预案。     

The effect of an ageing and less fit population on the ability of people to egress buildings

The functional capability of building occupants to egress from buildings is likely to change as populations age and become less fit. A review of the current health literature suggests obesity can be used to determine the likely reduction in walking speed and also as a marker for other egress related factors such as the risk of falls. This paper examines the possible effects of gender, age and obesity and uses a Monte Carlo network evacuation model to examine whether these changes will significantly increase the total evacuation time from an exemplar high-rise building. Modelling results suggest that total evacuation times may increase by up to 20% when comparing historical data from Canada in 1971 with a future New Zealand scenario for 2031.     

让工人成为安全生产的主人

郑州铁路局襄樊工会让职工代表挂帅唱主角 近年来,郑州铁路局襄樊分局工会采取有力措施,不断提高职工代表在巡视检查中的主人翁地位,扩大职工代表的权力范围.     

安全发展国泰民安——2006年全国安全月掠影

2006年6月1日上午,“全国安全生产万里行”在贵州省贵阳市人民广场举行发车仪式。6月11日上午,全国安全生产月宣传咨询日活动在北京市海淀区科技馆拉开帷幕。