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1.
《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(3):761-773
To study the emission characteristics of typical construction machinery in Chengdu, 12 construction machinery (excavators, bulldozers, loaders, and forklifts) under idling mode, moving mode, and working mode, were tested using a portable emission measurement system (PEMS). Under three operating modes, the typical construction machinery in the working mode was higher in the fuel-based average emission factors of PM2.5 and NOx, while the fuel-based average emission factors of HC and CO were higher in idling mode. Integrated the results of investigation on ownership and activity levels of construction machinery, an exhaust emission inventory of typical construction machinery of Chengdu in 2018 was established according to the recommendation method. The annual emission of PM2.5, NOx, HC, and CO were 1.67 × 106, 1.61 × 108, 3.83 × 106, and 1.26 × 107 kg, respectively, and the excavator contributed the maximum emissions, accounting for an average proportion of 43.95%. The emission of construction machinery in Chengdu exhibited a clear monthly trend, with the highest from April to October and the lowest from November to March. In addition, the exhaust emissions presented an obvious spot-like characteristics, and the high-value areas were mainly concentrated in the surrounding suburban counties such as Shuangliu Wenjiang etc. To reduce pollution from construction machinery and improve the quality of the atmospheric environment, more effective measures on housing construction and municipal construction should be taken in those districts in Chengdu. 相似文献
2.
Biogenic volatile organic compounds(BVOCs) in the atmosphere play important roles in the formation of ground-level ozone and secondary organic aerosol(SOA) in global scale and also in regional scale under some condition due to their large amount and relatively higher reactivity.In places with high plant cover in the tropics and in China where air pollution is serious,the effect of BVOCs on ozone and secondary organic aerosols is strong.The present research aims to provide a comprehensive review ... 相似文献
3.
为量化挖掘机在实际施工作业中尾气排放特征,研究选取成都市不同建设工地在用的8台挖掘机,利用便携式尾气测量系统对其进行现实工况下的尾气排放测量,测试按挖掘机的不同作业特点分怠速、行走和作业进行.测量的尾气排放污染物包括CO、HC、NO和PM2.5.结果表明,挖掘机的尾气排放随工况的不同而不同,怠速时NO排放平稳,行走和作业时排放速率波动较大.满足不同尾气排放标准的挖掘机,其尾气排放也有所不同,例如,国Ⅱ阶段的挖掘机与国Ⅰ阶段的挖掘机相比,其在怠速、行走、作业工况下尾气排放的NO分别减小8%、35%和5%,PM2.5分别降低88%、87%和80%.另外,本研究中挖掘机尾气排放的实测结果与我国非道路机械尾气排放因子技术指南中推荐的用于排放清单估算的排放因子相比,也均有显著不同.这说明,开展非道路机械尾气排放现实工况下的测量,对于提高尾气排放清单精准度具有重要作用. 相似文献
4.
Lei Duan Jianguo Deng Shumin Wang Jiawei Zhang Yi Zhang Jingkun Jiang Yongzheng Gu Tao Han Lei Feng Jian Gao 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(1):203-211
China has established the largest clean coal-fired power generation system in the world by accomplishing the technological transformation of coal-fired power plants(CFPPs) to achieve ultra-low emission. The potential for further particulate matter(PM) emission reduction to achieve near-zero emission for CFPPs has become a hotspot issue. In this study,PM emission from some ultra-low emission CFPPs adopting advanced air pollutant control technologies in China was reviewed. The results revealed tha... 相似文献
5.
Xianbao Shen Zhiliang Yao Qiang Zhang David Vance Wagner Hong Huo Yingzhi Zhang Bo Zheng Kebin He 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015,27(5):209-220
A database of real-world diesel vehicle emission factors, based on type and technology, has been developed following tests on more than 300 diesel vehicles in China using a portable emission measurement system. The database provides better understanding of diesel vehicle emissions under actual driving conditions. We found that although new regulations have reduced real-world emission levels of diesel trucks and buses significantly for most pollutants in China,NOx emissions have been inadequately controlled by the current standards, especially for diesel buses, because of bad driving conditions in the real world. We also compared the emission factors in the database with those calculated by emission factor models and used in inventory studies. The emission factors derived from COPERT (Computer Programmer to calculate Emissions from Road Transport) and MOBILE may both underestimate real emission factors, whereas the updated COPERT and PART5 (Highway Vehicle Particulate Emission Modeling Software) models may overestimate emission factors in China. Real-world measurement results and emission factors used in recent emission inventory studies are inconsistent, which has led to inaccurate estimates of emissions from diesel trucks and buses over recent years. This suggests that emission factors derived from European or US-basedmodels will not truly represent real-world emissions in China. Therefore, it is useful and necessary to conduct systematic real-world measurements of vehicle emissions in China in order to obtain the optimum inputs for emission inventory models. 相似文献
6.
Liping Liu Barnabas C. Seyler Hefan Liu Li Zhou Dongyang Chen Song Liu Chang Yan Fumo Yang Danlin Song Qinwen Tan Fengju Ji Cheng Feng Qiuwei Wang Yunchun Li 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(4):179-193
Integral to the urban ecosystem, greening trees provide many ecological benefits, but the active biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) they release contribute to the production of ozone and secondary organic aerosols, which harm ambient air quality. It is, therefore, necessary to understand the BVOC emission characteristics of dominant greening tree species and their relative contribution to secondary pollutants in various urban contexts. Consequently, this study utilized a dynamic enclosure system to collect BVOC samples of seven dominant greening tree species in urban Chengdu, Southwest China. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to analyze the BVOC components and standardized BVOC emission rates of each tree species were then calculated to assess their relative potential to form secondary pollutants. We found obvious differences in the composition of BVOCs emitted by each species. Ficus virens displayed a high isoprene emission rate at 31.472 μgC/(gdw (g dry weight)•hr), while Cinnamomum camphora emitted high volumes of D-Limonene at 93.574 μgC/(gdw•hr). In terms of the BVOC emission rates by leaf area, C. camphora had the highest emission rate of total BVOCs at 13,782.59 μgC/(m2•hr), followed by Cedrus deodara with 5466.86 μgC/(m2•hr). Ginkgo biloba and Osmanthus fragrans mainly emitted oxygenated VOCs with lower overall emission rates. The high BVOC emitters like F. virens, C. camphora, and Magnolia grandiflora have high potential for significantly contributing to environmental secondary pollutants, so should be cautiously considered for future planting. This study provides important implications for improving urban greening efforts for subtropical Chinese urban contexts, like Chengdu. 相似文献
7.
Yan Ding Han Jiang Hefeng Zhang Mingliang Fu Zhihui Huang Hong Ni Hang Yin 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(1):460-475
In recent years, great efforts have been devoted to reducing emissions from mobile sources with the dramatic growth of motor vehicle and nonroad mobile source populations. Compilation of a mobile source emission inventory is conducive to the analysis of pollution emission characteristics and the formulation of emission reduction policies. This study summarizes the latest compilation approaches and data acquisition methods for mobile source emission inventories. For motor vehicles, a high-resolution emission inventory can be developed based on a bottom-up approach with a refined traffic flow model and real-world speed-coupled emission factors. The top-down approach has advantages when dealing with macroscale vehicle emission estimation without substantial traffic flow infrastructure. For nonroad mobile sources, nonroad machinery, inland river ships, locomotives, and civil aviation aircraft, a top-down approach based on fuel consumption or power is adopted. For ocean-going ships, a bottom-up approach based on automatic identification system (AIS) data is adopted. Three typical cases are studied, including emission reduction potential, a cost-benefit model, and marine shipping emission control. Outlooks and suggestions are given on future research directions for emission inventories for mobile sources: building localized emission models and factor databases, improving the dynamic updating capability of emission inventories, establishing a database of emission factors of unconventional pollutants and greenhouse gas from mobile sources, and establishing an urban high temporal-spatial resolution volatile organic compound (VOC) evaporation emission inventory. 相似文献
8.
Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Mirzaei Ghomi Leila Khazini Mina Jamshidi Kalajahi Yousef Rashidi 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(5):114-132
Efficient management of air quality requires a comprehensive emission inventory to support decision-making on air quality improvement. This article presents a comprehensive framework for detailed emission inventory development in cities with low-quality basic data, which examines the emission of primary criteria pollutants (CO, NOx, SO2, PM2.5, PM10, and VOC) from mobile sources, residential, commercial, and public services, fuel stations, transport terminals, energy conversion sections, and industries. This research was applied to Tabriz in Northwest Iran, one of the polluted medium-sized cities with a population of 1.77 million. Results show the city daily emission per capita is 569.8 g of CO, 68.6 g of NOx, 38.6 g of VOC, 17.6 g of SOx, and 3.7 g of PM. Vehicular emissions accounted for 98% of CO, 91% of VOCs, 61% of NOx, and 56% of PM; meaning alternative policy strategies in vehicles would reduce emissions rapidly. Fifteen applicable and effective scenarios in transport and one concerning stationary sources were proposed and reduction potential of them was evaluated. Effectiveness of the public transport improvement and replacement of old passenger cars were founded the key scenarios. These two alternatives decrease 14 and 2 tons of SO2 and 6797 and 2394 tons of NOx annually with the cost of $99.5 MM and $366.5 MM, respectively. The findings of this study provides the choice of travel method by each citizen is a function of cost, speed, comfort and safety of travel; therefore, all the requirements of any scenarios must be fully considered in the implementation step. 相似文献
9.
Yafei Liu Zhimin Li Emily Floess You Zhang Nicholas Lam Sylvester K.Mawusi Prabin Shrestha Xinghua Li Chunyu Xue Guangqing Liu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(5):295-307
Straw pellets are widely promoted and expected to be a cleaner alternative fuel to unprocessed crop residues and raw coal in rural China.However,the effectiveness of these dissemination programs is not well evaluated.In this?eld study,emission characteristics of burning straw pellets,raw coal,and unprocessed corn cobs in heating stoves were investigated in a pilot village in Northeast China.Emission measurements covering the whole combustion cycle (ignition,?aming,and smoldering phases) shows th... 相似文献
10.
Yunting Ke Ruiyuan Liu Xiaofang Chen Yang Feng Ping Gao Haomin Huang Liya Fan Daiqi Ye 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(6):296-306
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), important precursors of ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5), are the key to curb the momentum of O3 growth and further reducing PM2.5 in China. Container manufacturing industry is one of the major VOC emitters, and more than 96% containers of the world are produced in China, with the annual usage of coatings of over 200,000 tons in recent years. This is the first research on the emission characteristics of VOCs in Chinese container manufacturing industry, including concentration and ozone formation potential (OFP) of each species. The result shows that the largest amounts of VOCs are emitted during the pretreatment process, followed by the paint mixing process and primer painting process, and finally other sprays process. The average VOC concentrations in the workshops, the exhausts before treatment and the exhausts after treatment are ranging from 82.67–797.46 , 170–1,812.65 , 66.20–349.63 mg/m3, respectively. Benzenes, alcohols and ethers are main species, which contribute more than 90% OFP together. Based on the emission characteristics of VOCs and the technical feasibility, it is recommended to set the emission limit in standard of benzene to 1.0 mg/m3, toluene to 10 mg/m3, xylene to 20 mg/m3, benzenes to 40 mg/m3, alcohols and ethers to 50 mg/m3, and VOCs to 100 mg/m3. The study reports the industry emission characteristics and discusses the standard limits, which is a powerful support to promote VOCs emission reduction, and to promote the coordinated control of PM2.5 and O3 pollution. 相似文献
11.
As a common practice in agricultural system, straw return has been reported to release a large number of trace gases and attracted much attention. However, the role of straw return in toluene emission remains poorly understood. In this study we measured the emissions of toluene as well as other 50 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from wheat straw return for 66 days under flooded and non-flooded conditions, respectively. The results showed that substantial toluene was released from the returned ... 相似文献
12.
利用车载排放测试技术对典型的联合收割机、拖拉机、农用运输车和农田建设机械实际工况下的尾气进行测试,建立了实际工况下农业机械的排放因子和2017年北京市农用机械排放清单.结果表明,不同的工作状态对农业机械尾气排放有较大的影响,怠速和行走时CO、NOx、HC和PM排放趋于平稳;而切地和翻地模式下的波动较为明显.根据各类机械的分类和排放标准对排放因子进行细化,建立了较为完整的实际工况下的排放因子.根据农业机械排放因子和燃油消耗量计算出2017年北京市CO、NOx、HC和PM的排放量分别是2 566.60、 1 239.29、 563.08和538.32 t.拖拉机、运输机械和联合收割机的污染物总量占CO、NOx、HC和PM这4种污染物总量的98%、 95%、 95%和98%.因此,农用拖拉机、运输机械和联合收割机在农业机械污染减排中应作为重点控制对象. 相似文献
13.
《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(10):56-70
Road silt loading (sL) is an important parameter in the fugitive road dust (FRD) emissions. In this study, the improved Testing Re-entrained Aerosol Kinetic Emissions from Roads (TRAKER) combined with the AP-42 method was firstly developed to quickly measure and estimate the sLs of paved roads in Beijing, China. The annual average sLs in Beijing was 0.59±0.31 g/m2 in 2020, and decreased by 22.4% compared with that in 2019. The seasonal variations of sLs followed the order of spring > winter > summer > autumn in the two years. The seasonal mean road sLs on the same type road in the four seasons presented a decline trend from 2019 to 2020, especially on the Express way, decreasing 47.4%-72.7%. The road sLs on the different type roads in the same season followed the order of Major arterial ∼ Minor arterial ∼ Branch road > Express road, and Township road ∼ Country highway > Provincial highway ∼ National highway. The emission intensities of PM10 and PM2.5 from FRD in Beijing in 2020 were lower than those in 2019. The PM10 and PM2.5 emission intensities at the four planning areas in the two years all presented the order of the capital functional core area > the urban functional expansion area > the urban development new area > the ecological conservation and development area. The annual emissions of PM10 and PM2.5 from FRD in Beijing in 2020 were 74,886 ton and 18,118 ton, respectively, decreasing by ∼33.3% compared with those in 2019. 相似文献
14.
《环境科学学报(英文版)》2024,36(1):521-533
Wildfire events are increasing globally which may be partly associated with climate change, resulting in significant adverse impacts on local, regional air quality and global climate. In September 2020, a small wildfire (burned area: 36.3 ha) event occurred in Souesmes (Loir-et-Cher, Sologne, France), and its plume spread out over 200 km on the following day as observed by the MODIS satellite. Based on measurements at a suburban site (∼ 50 km northwest of the fire location) in Orléans and backward trajectory analysis, young wildfire plumes were characterized. Significant increases in gaseous pollutants (CO, CH4, N2O, VOCs, etc.) and particles (including black carbon) were found within the wildfire plumes, leading to a reduced air quality. Emission factors, defined as EF (X) = ∆X/∆CO (where, X represents the target species), of various trace gases and black carbon within the young wildfire plumes were determined accordingly and compared with previous studies. Changes in the ambient ions (such as ammonium, sulfate, nitrate, chloride, and nitrite in the particle- and gas- phase) and aerosol properties (e.g., aerosol water content, aerosol pH) were also quantified and discussed. Moreover, we estimated the total carbon and climate-related species (e.g., CO2, CH4, N2O, and BC) emissions and compared them with fire emission inventories. Current biomass burning emission inventories have uncertainties in estimating small fire burned areas and emissions. For instance, we found that the Global Fire Assimilation System (GFAS) may underestimate emissions (e.g., CO) of this small wildfire while other inventories (GFED and FINN) showed significant overestimation. Considering that it is the first time to record wildfire plumes in this region, related atmospheric implications are presented and discussed. 相似文献
15.
Yangyang Cui Gen Zhang Wei Wang Yan Shen Xiaoman Zhai Xuefang Wu Renfei Li Bobo Wu Yifeng Xue 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(4):391-400
The incineration of sacrificial offerings is a significant widely practiced custom that is also a kind of neglected air pollution source in China. Our results showed that the emission factors of particulate matter, SO2, CO, NOx, and VOCs emitted from the incineration of sacrificial offerings with purification systems were reduced by 95%, 19%, 9%, 82%, and 42%, respectively, compared with those without a purification system, revealing a significant effect of the flue gas purification system on reducing particulate matter and gaseous pollutants. The emission level of air pollutants from the incineration of sacrificial offerings remained stable before 2013 and then showed a remarkable decrease after the implementation of China´s Air Pollution Prevention Action Plan in 2013. The emissions of TSP (total suspended particulate), PM10, PM2.5, and NOx in 2009 were 8222, 6106, 5656 and 15,878 ton, respectively, obviously higher than 3434, 2551, 2305 and 8579 ton in 2019. Such trend was affected by both the quantity of incineration and the installation rate of purification systems after the Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Crematory (GB 13801-2015) issued in China. Distinct spatial distribution of atmospheric pollutants from incineration of sacrificial offerings was found with higher in the east and south of China than the west and north of China, which is proportional to the regional economy and population. The maximum ground-level concentration typically occurred at 0.12-0.2 km from the pollution source, posing potential health risks to people entering and exiting funeral and burial sites and nearby residents. 相似文献
16.
《环境科学学报(英文版)》2024,36(2):248-260
An evidence-based control strategy for emission reduction of VOC sources can effectively solve the regional PM2.5 and O3 compound pollution in China. We estimated the anthropogenic VOC emission inventory in China in 2018 and established a source profile database containing 129 sources based on localized detection and the latest research results. Then, the distribution of the ozone formation potential (OFP) and secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAFP) for emission sources was analyzed. Moreover, priority control routes for VOC emission sources were proposed for different periods. Anthropogenic VOC emissions in China reached 27,211.8 Gg in 2018, and small passenger cars, industrial protective coatings, biomass burning, heavy trucks, printing, asphalt paving, oil storage and transportation, coking, and oil refining were the main contributors. Industrial protective coatings, small passenger cars, and biomass burning all contributed significantly to OFP and SOAFP. Priority in emission reduction control should be given to industrial protective coatings, small passenger cars, heavy trucks, coking, printing, asphalt paving, chemical fibers, and basic organic chemical sources over the medium and long term in China. In addition, the priority control route for VOC emission sources should be adjusted according to the variations in VOC emission characteristics and regional differences, so as to obtain the maximum environmental benefits. 相似文献
17.
利用车载排放测试系统（PEMS）对青岛港内的港作机械污染物排放进行测定尤其是不同类型港作机械在典型工况下的排放特征,同时,计算港作机械的排放因子.结果表明,港作机械作业工况排放速率最大,是怠速工况的1.34~2.66倍,当港作机械功率高于130kW时,上述数据攀升为4.18~41.56倍,对于大功率港作机械来说,怠速工况难以较好地反映作业工况下的实际排放量.通过基于排放因子的分析,CO,THC与NOx排放因子在3个工况下均较为接近,差距在2倍以内.但是大气颗粒物（PM）排放因子体现了不同规律,部分机械作业工况下的PM排放因子是怠速工况下的10倍以上.使用时间超过4500h,污染物排放量增加,尤其是叉车的污染物排放因子高出1.64~8.25倍.港作机械实际排放水平较非道路机械平均水平高出1.5~2倍.利用双怠速检测法发现不同排放标准间CO、THC与PM排放水平差距在1.73~5.38倍,但是NOx排放水平过于相近,不能有效区分. 相似文献
18.
High-resolution vehicular emissions inventories are important for managing vehicular pollution and improving urban air quality. This study developed a vehicular emission inventory with high spatio-temporal resolution in the main urban area of Chongqing, based on real-time traffic data from 820 RFID detectors covering 454 roads, and the differences in spatio-temporal emission characteristics between inner and outer districts were analysed. The result showed that the daily vehicular emission intensities of CO, hydrocarbons, PM2.5, PM10, and NOx were 30.24, 3.83, 0.18, 0.20, and 8.65 kg/km per day, respectively, in the study area during 2018. The pollutants emission intensities in inner district were higher than those in outer district. Light passenger cars (LPCs) were the main contributors of all-day CO emissions in the inner and outer districts, from which the contributors of NOx emissions were different. Diesel and natural gas buses were major contributors of daytime NOx emissions in inner districts, accounting for 40.40%, but buses and heavy duty trucks (HDTs) were major contributors in outer districts. At nighttime, due to the lifting of truck restrictions and suspension of buses, HDTs become the main NOx contributor in both inner and outer districts, and its three NOx emission peak hours were found, which are different to the peak hours of total NOx emission by all vehicles. Unlike most other cities, bridges and connecting channels are always emission hotspots due to long-time traffic congestion. This knowledge will help fully understand vehicular emissions characteristics and is useful for policymakers to design precise prevention and control measures. 相似文献
19.
Indoor air quality (IAQ) directly affects the health of occupants. Household manufacturing equipment (HME) used for hobbies or educational purposes is a new and unexplored source of air pollution. In this study, we evaluated the characteristics of particulate and gaseous pollutants produced by a household laser processing equipment (HLPE). Various target materials were tested using a commercial HLPE under various operating conditions of laser power and sheath air flow rate. The mode diameters of the emitted particles gradually decreased as laser power increased, while the particle number concentration (PNC) and particle emission rate (PER) increased. In addition, as the sheath air flow rate quadrupled from 10 to 40 L/min, the mode diameter of the emitted particles decreased by nearly 25%, but the effect on the PNC was insignificant. When the laser induced the target materials at 53 mW, the mode diameters of particles were <150 nm, and PNCs were >2.0 × 104 particles/cm3. Particularly, analyses of sampled aerosols indicated that harmful substances such as sulfur and barium were present in particles emitted from leather. The carcinogenic gaseous pollutants such as acrylonitrile, acetaldehyde, 1,3-butadiene, benzene, and C8 aromatics (ethylbenzene) were emitted from all target materials. In an actual indoor environment, the PNC of inhalable ultrafine particles (UFPs) was >5 × 104 particles/cm3 during 30 min of HLPE operation. Our results suggest that more meticulous control methods are needed, including the use of less harmful target materials along with filters or adsorbents that prevent emission of pollutants. 相似文献
20.
Benhang Li Yijun Yin Xiaohong Zhou Li Feng Yongze Liu Ziwen Du Yajun Tian Liqiu Zhang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(2):205-214
Allelochemicals sustained-release microspheres (ACs-SMs) exhibited great inhibition effect on algae,however,few studies have focused on ACs-SMs toxicity on invertebrate.In this study,the effects of single high-concentration ACs (15 mg/L,SH-ACs),repeated low-concentration ACs (3×5 mg/L,RL-ACs) and ACs-SMs containing 15 mg/L ACs exposure on the ingestion,incorporation,and digestion of Daphnia magna Straus (DS) were investigated by stable isotope15N labeling method.Meanwhile,the diversit... 相似文献