羟胺强化亚铁活化过硫酸盐降解对乙酰氨基酚的研究

采用羟胺(HA)强化Fe~(2+)/过硫酸盐(PS)体系降解对乙酰氨基酚(ACT),考察了Fe~(2+)、PS、HA投加浓度以及反应初始pH值对ACT降解效果的影响.结果表明,在反应时间为30 min,亚铁浓度为0.05 mmol·L~(-1), PS浓度为0.8 mmol·L~(-1)和初始pH为3.0的条件下,0.5 mmol·L~(-1) HA可将ACT的去除率从13%提高到90%.适量增加Fe~(2+)或HA浓度可以提高ACT的降解率,但是过高的Fe~(2+)和HA浓度会抑制ACT的降解.ACT的降解率随着PS浓度升高而提升,当PS浓度达到1.2 mmol·L~(-1)时,30 min内ACT几乎可以完全降解.ACT的降解效果随着pH的升高而降低.EPR实验表明Fe~(2+)/PS/HA体系中主要的自由基是SO■和HO~·.Na_2SO_3、NaNO_2和Na_2S_2O_3等常见的还原剂均能够强化Fe~(2+)/PS体系对ACT的降解效果,但是其对Fe~(2+)/PS体系的强化效果均比HA低.     

Reactions between the SO4·- radical and some common anions in atmospheric aqueous droplets

IntroductionThe conversion processes of some atmospheric pollutantsinside the aqueous droplets e .g. clouds , rains and fogspresent interesting topics to discuss . One typical example ofthis kind of pollutants was SO2. It can dissolve into thedroplets rea…     

Comparison of UV/PDS and UV/H2O2 processes for the degradation of atenolol in water

UV/H2O2 and UV/peroxodisulfate (PDS) processes were adopted to degrade a typical β-blocker atenolol (ATL). The degradation efficiencies under various operational parameters (oxidant dosage, pH, HCO3-, humic acid (HA), NO3- , and Cl-) were compared. Principal factor analysis was also performed with a statistical method for the two processes. It was found that increasing the specific dosage of the two peroxides ([peroxide]0/[ATL]0 ) ranging from 1:1 to 8:1 led to a faster degradation rate but also higher peroxide residual. Within the pH range 3-11, the optimum pH was 7 for the UV/PDS process and elevating pH benefitted the UV/H 2O2 process. The presence of HCO3- , HA, and Cl adversely affected ATL oxidation in both processes. The NO3- concentration 1-3 mmol/L accelerated the destruction of ATL by the UV/PDS process, but further increase of NO3- concentration retarded the degradation process, contrary to the case in the UV/H2O2 process. The rank orders of effects caused by the six operational parameters were pH ≈ specific dosage > [HA]0 > [NO3-]0 > [HCO3-]0 > [Cl-]0 for the UV/H2O2 process and specific dosage > pH > [HA]0 > [NO3-]0 > [HCO3-]0 >[Cl-]0 for the UV/PDS process. The UV/PDS process was more sensitive to changes in operational parameters than the UV/H2O2 process but more efficient in ATL removal under the same conditions.     

有机污染物在海泡石矿物的界面吸附与降解研究进展

海泡石是一种典型的纤维状富镁硅酸盐粘土矿,广泛地应用于土壤污染治理、空气净化和水体污染物吸附等领域,然而海泡石表面Si-OH反应活性尤其是与有机污染物的反应机制尚未有清楚的认识.本文综述了海泡石对水体环境中有机污染物的界面吸附与降解研究进展,首先介绍了海泡石对有机染料、有机农药、药物和个人护理品等有机污染物的界面吸附情...     

水体系中EDTA-Fe(Ⅱ)/Ｋ２Ｓ２Ｏ８降解敌草隆的研究

对水体系中EDTA-Fe(Ⅱ)/K2S2O8降解敌草隆的方法进行了研究.在综合考虑经济性和降解率的前提下,提出了反应的最佳条件:K2S2O8初始浓度为2.0 mmol·L-1, Fe(Ⅱ)初始浓度为1.0 mmol·L-1, EDTA初始浓度为0.5 mmol·L-1,反应时间为300 min, pH=7.0,最终0.1 mmol·L-1,敌草隆降解率可达67.6%.同时,采用分子探针竞争实验鉴定了体系中产生的硫酸根自由基和羟基自由基,并采用LC/MS法鉴定了敌草隆的主要降解产物,从而探讨了敌草隆在EDTA-Fe(Ⅱ)/K2S2O8体系中可能的降解途径.     

Radiation-induced reduction of chromium(Ⅵ) in aqueous solution by γ-irradiation in a laboratory-scale

Radiation-induced reduction of chromium(Ⅵ)(Cr(Ⅵ) by γ-irradiation was studied with an initial concentration of 42 mg/L in aqueous solutions. Several factors which might affect the reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) to Cr(Ⅲ) were examined. pH of aqueous solution affects the reduction efficiency significantly. Acidic condition of aqueous solution accelerates the process. At pH 2, a reduction of 86.2%was achieved with the absorbed dose of 15 kGy, while, with the same dose, at pH 5 and 7, the reduction of Cr (Ⅵ) were only 36.3%and 22.2%, respectively. Ethanol (0.1% in V:V) and sodium carbonate (1 mmol/L) were added into the solution respectively as relatively non-toxic hydroxyl radical scavengers. Reduction rate increased greatly in the presence of ethanol at each pH. Reduction efficiency of Cr(Ⅵ) was enhanced in neutral condition with the addition of sodium carbonate, however, no enhancement was found in acidic condition. The reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) was restrained when the solution was saturated with oxygen; however, the restraint was not significant.     

光照及自由基对三卤甲烷形成的影响

为了更好地了解氯消毒饮水后三卤甲烷（THMs）的形成以及更有效地控制THMs的产生,以腐植酸（HA）作为THMs的前体,观察了光照及自由基对氯化HA后THMs形成的影响。结果显示,消毒前光照含THMs前体的溶液,可促进THMs的形成,光照30min时达最高,后随光照时间延长而减少;消毒后光照,则THMs产量逐渐减少,这与水中的氯被分解破坏有关;THMs产量与光源发射的波长成反比。HA溶液中含有半醌类自由基,且其消长与THMs产量有直接关系。     

测定NO~－_3的蔬菜鲜样保存条件

试验表明；组织未受损伤的新鲜蔬菜样品在２０～３０℃与４℃下可分别保存３天与７天其ＮＯ＿３含量基本不变；捣碎的样品在４℃可保存４～６ｈ；经１００℃烘煮后，又在４℃处理可保存一夜；样品干燥后在干燥器中存放２０天内含量不变，但受潮后极易变化。     

铁酸铜非均相活化过硫酸盐降解罗丹明B

采用新型磁性催化材料尖晶石型铁酸铜（CuFe₂O₄）活化过硫酸盐（PMS）降解氧杂蒽类染料罗丹明B（RhB）,考察PMS浓度、CuFe₂O₄投加量、pH值和水中常见离子对RhB降解的影响.结果表明,当RhB、PMS、CuFe₂O₄初始浓度分别为5 μmol/L、0.1mmol/L、0.1g/L时,在中性条件下反应30min后RhB去除率可达88.87%.其中,Cl^-和HCO₃^-对RhB的降解无显著影响,而H₂PO₄^2-、C₂O₄^2-及腐殖酸明显抑制RhB的降解.自由基鉴定实验表明,在中性及弱碱性条件下SO₄^-和·OH是CuFe₂O₄/PMS体系降解RhB的主要自由基.研究发现随着RhB的降解,溶液逐渐褪色并伴随着甲酸根、乙酸根、草酸根和铵根离子的生成,原因在于SO₄^-和·OH可以破坏RhB分子的发色基团,使苯环开环和氮原子脱落,形成相应的降解产物.矿化实验表明0.2mmol/L的RhB在CuFe₂O₄/PMS体系中反应10h后,矿化率可达62%.催化剂的重复利用实验表明制备的CuFe₂O₄具有良好回收再利用能力.     

Fe(Ⅱ)/K2S2O8对水体中As(Ⅲ)的氧化研究

研究了Fe(Ⅱ)/K2S2O8对水体中As(Ⅲ)的氧化作用,以及pH值、Fe(Ⅱ)初始浓度等因素对氧化As(Ⅲ)的影响,并且采用分子探针法的竞争性实验鉴定了体系中产生的活性中间体,探讨了K2S2O8在Fe(Ⅱ)存在的条件下对As(Ⅲ)的氧化机理。     

MoS2强化Fe2+活化单过硫酸盐去除磺胺甲恶唑和还原六价铬的研究

采用二硫化钼（MoS₂）作为助催化剂加入到亚铁离子（Fe²⁺）/单过硫酸盐（PMS）体系,去除溶液中的磺胺甲恶唑（SMX）和还原六价铬（Cr（Ⅵ））,分别对SMX及SMX与Cr（Ⅵ）共存情况下的去除效果进行研究,并考察了MoS₂、Fe²⁺、PMS、SMX投加量对SMX和Cr（Ⅵ）去除效果的影响.结果表明,在[MoS₂]₀=0.9 g·L^-1,[Fe²⁺]₀ =0.3 mmol·L^-1,[PMS]₀=1 mmol·L^-1,[Cr（Ⅵ）]₀=100 μmol·L^-1,[SMX]₀=25 μmol·L^-1,初始pH为3.0的条件下反应30 min时,SMX的去除率和Cr（Ⅵ）的还原率分别达到98.8%和99.2%;实验中MoS₂和Fe²⁺浓度与Cr（Ⅵ）还原率呈正相关,而PMS浓度过高则会抑制Cr（Ⅵ）的还原;MoS₂/Fe²⁺/PMS体系下Cr（Ⅵ）的还原机理不仅与MoS₂还原生成的亚铁离子有关,Cr（Ⅵ）也能够被MoS₂或PMS直接还原.EPR实验表明,MoS₂/Fe²⁺/PMS体系中主要的自由基是SO₄^·-和HO^·.     

几种光化学体系中羟自由基的产生和测定

在人工光源照射下,以水杨酸为探针性物质,探讨了过氧化氢(H_2O_2)、二氧化钛(TiO_2)、亚硝酸钠(NaNO_2)、硝酸钠(NaNO_3)和杂多酸盐(PW_(12)O_(40)~(3-))等5种光化学体系中羟自由基的产生,并测定了羟自由基的稳态浓度。     

多氯联苯对离体人红细胞的毒性机理

本实验研究了多氯联苯(PCB_s)对人离体红细胞自由基生成和脂质过氧化作用的影响。红细胞悬液在含有不同剂量Aroclorl254的培养液中37℃温育一定时间,然后测定超氧阴离子自由基(O_2~-)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量。测定结果表明,红细胞脂质过氧化作用与PCB_s存在着剂量——效应及时间——效应关系,Aroclorl254可以直接诱导离体人红细胞的脂质过氧化作用。其中O_2~-、MDA、GSH 3项指标均有良好的剂量——效应及时间——效应关系,SOD活力在温育后迅速增加,之后基本稳定,9h后活力出现下降。     

土壤铵氮在热活化过硫酸盐氧化过程中的转化

采用来自江苏和河北, 具有不同土壤有机质含量和NH₄⁺浓度的土壤样本, 系统地研究了NH₄⁺在热活化过硫酸盐(PS)氧化过程中的转化和归趋, 考察了反应时间、PS浓度和外加NH₄⁺对硝基副产物生成的影响.结果表明, 土壤中的NH₄⁺能够转化成3-硝基酚、4-硝基酚、2-羟基-5-硝基苯甲酸、4-羟基-3-硝基苯甲酸、2, 4-二硝基酚等副产物, 它们的生成量随着反应的进行先增加后降低.增大PS浓度可促进硝基副产物的生成.当PS浓度为30mmol/kg, 反应12h后一硝基酚和一硝基羟基苯甲酸的生成量达到最大.然而随着PS浓度进一步增大, 硝基副产物发生降解.硫酸根自由基(SO₄·^-)在硝化过程中起到了关键作用, 它能将NH₄⁺氧化生成氨基自由基(·NH₂), 随后经过一系列自由基链式反应生成二氧化氮自由基(NO₂·).同时, SO₄·^-进攻土壤有机质中的酚结构单元, 使其氧化生成苯氧自由基, 苯氧自由基进一步与NO₂·结合生成硝基副产物.天然有机质(NOM)在环境中无处不在, NH₄⁺在环境中也普遍存在, PS用于土壤和地下水污染修复时生成硝基副产物很可能是一个普遍现象.     

Decomposition characteristics of toluene by a corona radical shower system

Non-thermal plasma technologies offer an innovative approach to decomposing various volatile organic compounds(VOCs). The decomposition of toluene from simulated flue gas was investigated using a pipe electrode with nozzles for the generation of free radicals. Corona characteristics and decomposition of toluene were investigated experimentally. In addition, the decomposition mechanism of toluene was explored in view of reaction rate. The experimental results showed that the humidity of additional gas has an important effect on corona characteristics and modes and stable streamer corona can be generated through optimizing flow rate and humidity of additional gas. Applied voltage, concentration of toluene, humidity of toluene and resident time are some important factors affecting decomposition efficiency. Under optimizing conditions, the decomposition efficiency of toluene can reach 80%. These results can give a conclusion that the corona radical shower technology is feasible and effective on the removal of toluene in the flue gas.     

Synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes-FePO4 composite from phosphate residue and its application as effective Fenton-like catalyst for dye degradation

Phosphate residue is regarded as a hazardous waste, which could potentially create significant environmental and health problems if it is not properly treated and disposed of. In this study, nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes-FePO_4(NCNTs-FePO_4) composite was successfully synthesized from phosphate residue, and its application as an effective catalyst was explored. Firstly, an effective method was developed to recover FePO_4 from phosphate residue, achieving an impressive FePO_4 mass recovery rate of 98.14%. Then, the NCNTsFePO_4 catalyst was synthesized from the recovered FePO_4 by two main reactions, including surface modification and chemical vapor deposition. Finally, the synthesized NCNTs-FePO_4 was applied to photo-degrade 15 mg/L Rhodamine B(RhB) in a Fenton-like system. The results showed that 98.9% of RhB could be degraded in 60 min, closely following the pseudofirst-order kinetics model. It was found that even after six consecutive cycles, NCNTs-FePO_4 still retained a high catalytic capacity(50%). Moreover, ·OH radicals participating in the RhB degradation process were evidenced using quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis, and a rational mechanism was proposed. It was demonstrated that the materials synthesized from hazardous phosphate residue can be used as an effective catalyst for dye removal.     

羟基自由基氧化法在饮用水后处理中的应用

该文分析了饮用水消毒的现状，提出保持氯消毒不变，用羟基自由基氧化法对饮用水进行后处理，去除氯消毒产生的卤代烃，以提高饮用水的质量。     

含碳酸盐水溶液中扑热息痛的光解研究

采用动力学方法研究了环境浓度范围内的扑热息痛在含碳酸盐溶液中的光解,比较了碳酸盐自由基和羟基自由基对扑热息痛的光解效果,探讨了pH值、硝酸根离子、腐殖质、氯化钠、钙镁离子等因素对扑热息痛光解的影响.利用GC/MS技术鉴定了扑热息痛的光解产物,并探讨了扑热息痛在碳酸根体系中可能的光解途径.结果表明,扑热息痛与碳酸盐自由基反应的二级反应速率常数为 k.=5.0×107L·(mol·s)-1,低于与羟基自由基反应的二级反应速率常数kb=8.1×109L·(tool·s)-1,但是由于天然水体中碳酸盐自由基的稳态浓度较高,所以碳酸盐自由基对扑热息痛光解的影响和羟基自由基大致相当.提高体系pH值,加入硝酸根离子、氯化钠或者钙镁离子都会加快扑热息痛的光解速率;而加入Suwannee河富里酸则会降低光解速率.     

羟基自由基杀灭压载水赤潮入侵生物试验研究

采用羟基自由基对斯式根管藻、日本星杆藻、裸甲藻和细菌进行杀灭实验，确定杀灭入侵赤潮生物的所需OH^-比值浓度为0.68mg／L。当OH^-比值浓度达到0．68mg／L时，致死多甲藻(Peri.Spp)等10种赤潮生物效率达到99.8％，致死膝沟孢子、多甲藻孢子效率达到100％。试验数据表明，强电离先进氧化OH^-是治理赤潮有效、可行的绿色新方法。     

几种类Fenton试剂的氧化特性及在工业废水处理中的应用

根据文献资料，概述了羟基自由基（·ＯＨ）的性质，系统地介绍了Ｆｅｎｔｏｎ试剂及其几种类Ｆｅｎｔｏｎ试剂Ｈ２Ｏ２＋ｕｖ（ｕｌｔｒａｖｉｏｌｅｔ）、Ｈ２Ｏ２＋Ｆｅ＾２＋＋ｕｖ、Ｈ２Ｏ２＋Ｆｅ＾２＋＋Ｏ２、Ｈ２Ｏ２＋ｕｖ＋Ｏ２和Ｈ２Ｏ２＋Ｆｅ＾２＋＋ｕｖ＋Ｏ２的氧化特性，并对该领域国内外研究动态及在工业废水处理中的应用状况进行了较为详细的阐述。