浅析高等师范院校环境类课程的设置

环境类课程的设置1.基本构成高等师范院校日趋综合化,在多学科和教师资源等方面有较大的优势。师范生不仅在专业知识方面覆盖面广,而且由学校统管开设的公选课程也越来越多,可供选择的面也越来越大。对湖北某师范大学课程设置调查发现,各专业必修课和公选课中都涉及到环境类学科,这是在近年来环境问题越来越受到关注,环境教育越来越受到重视的背景下产生的。我们应有效的利用师范大学的这一资源,把握现今环境教育课程发展的趋势,激发当代师范生对环境问题的兴趣,进一步合理的设置环境教育类课程,使环境教育深入师范生意识之中。2.存在的问题…     

培养学生环境意识的几点思考

12环境教育的核心问题“促进全世界所有的人意识并且关注环境及其问题，并促使个人或群体具有解决当前问题，预防新问题的知识、技能、态度、并推动和投入到这项工作中去”是公认的环境教育目的。因此，环境意识的培养就是环境教育的首要目标。而教育，作为学生社会化的不可缺少的过程，在培养学生环境意识方面，就是树立学生的环境相关的价值观、情感和态度等。长期以来，人们往往只侧重于环境污染的治理教育，忽视环境意识教育、缺乏对形成环境污染的社会、经济、政治、文化根源深层次的本质认识。虽然这种环境教育极大的提高了人们解释、…     

谈导游在生态旅游中的特殊作用——对《全国环境宣传教育行动纲要（2011—2015年）》的思考

将环境教育融入生态旅游教育中，帮助旅游工作者正确认识环境保护的意义，增加游客的环境意识，树立环境的可持续发展观念，使游客在旅途时保护生态环境。在这生态旅游的环境教育中，导游的作用与众不同。     

整合环境教育资源，形成环境教育特色

当人们第一次将“环境”与“教育”连起使用时是否意味着许多严重的环境问题已经出现？上个世纪60年代以来,许多严重的环境问题出现了：全球变暖、沙漠扩展、土地退化、洪水、干旱、酸雨……面向21世纪,全世界开始不约而同地把目光投向环境教育,许多国家和地区都迅速地规划了环境教育战略,如我国推出了可持续发展白皮书——《中国21世纪议程》。今天,关注环境教育已经越来越成为人们的普遍认识。就正规教育领域而言,环境教育对学校教育提出了前所未有的挑战。那么,如何深入探索学校环魔教育管理,提升学校环境教育品质,树立学校环境教育品牌,以促进环境教育的快速发展,也成为每一个教育工作者崭新的实践和研究课题。     

高中生物教学中环境教育的探索与实践

38高中生物学教学环境教育内容体系构建根据新教学大纲中高中生物学科环境教育的目标，环境教育的内容主要包括三个方面：关于环境知识的教育，环境实践技能的教育和关于环境态度观念的教育。关于环境的知识是学生正确认识生态环境问题，获得相关技能和态度观念，形成品质行为的科学认知基础。虽然高中生物学教材中安排有专门的生态环境科学知识内容（15学时），但若能结合教学拓展学生的环境知识，对于增强学生对环境问题的理解能力将是十分有益的。环境技能的教育主要靠结合专门环境知识、通过一定量的实践活动来进行，包括使学生表达、交…     

环境教育课程中价值观教育的构建

正在环境教育的过程中,深刻领会环境价值观教育的内涵极其重要,主要包括形成正确的价值判断、树立正确环境道德准则、培养学生环境道德情感。构建完整的环境价值观教育内容体系则是载体,环境价值观教育内容的构建应包括生态伦理观教育、环境问题教育、环境价值教育、自然环境审美教育等。     

要在农村培养科学的环保意识

近些年来,农村的生态环境既表现出好的发展趋势,同时也暴露出一些问题。环境问题的最终解决归根到底依靠人们环境意识的提高和科学环境理念的普及。农村的生态环境建设应该从科学的环境意识教育入手,农村建设的决策者也一定要懂得生态、环境文化,坚持生态、环境友好型发展战略。     

昆明市中小学生环境意识与环境教育分析

本文依据的抽样调查结果,分析了昆明市中小学生的环境意识状况和特点,并就昆明市中小学环境教育有关问题进行了探讨。１引言 环境问题往往来源于人们对自然和生态环境的认识不足,对自然资源利用不合理,国际社会已愈来愈强烈地认识到环境教育对环境保护的重要性：培养和增强公众环境意识、促进每一个人都自觉地来关心、保护我们共同的环境是解决环境问题的根本途径。 中小学生环境教育是我国环境教育的重要组成部分,其受教育对象人数最多,是未来环境的主人、国家的建设者和决策者。中小学环境教育是关系到整个环境建设的关键,关系到２…     

中国环境教育发展概览

在近40年的环境教育实践中,中国环境教育在曲折中发展,取得的成就是毋庸置疑的,但也还存在一些问题。中国环境教育的内容尽管处在不断扩展和不断深化之中,但还是存在内容单一片面、思想肤浅滞后的问题。中国至今没有全国范围的环境教育立法,环境教育的学术地位也还基本没有树立起来,各级学校以及公众的环境教育实效性则有待加强。     

环境心理研究--环境教育的新探索

随着环境问题的日益凸显，人们逐渐认识到环境问题与人心理之间作用的相互性。将环境科学与心理学进行交叉研究并将其纳入到环境教育的范畴中去，不仅有利于拓展环境教育的内容，更对环境教育目标的实现具有着重要的理论及实践意义。     

Projected Changes in Discharge in an Agricultural Watershed in Iowa

Our improved capability to adapt to the future changes in discharge is linked to our capability to predict the magnitude or at least the direction of these changes. For the agricultural United States Midwest, too much or too little water has severe socioeconomic impacts. Here, we focus on the Raccoon River at Van Meter, Iowa, and use a statistical approach to examine projected changes in discharge. We build on statistical models using rainfall and harvested corn and soybean acreage to explain the observed discharge variability. We then use projections of these two predictors to examine the projected discharge response. Results are based on seven global climate models part of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 and two representative concentration pathways (RCPs 4.5 and 8.5). There is not a strong signal of change in the discharge projections under the RCP 4.5. However, the results for the RCP 8.5 point to a stronger changing signal related to larger projected increases in rainfall, resulting in increased trends, in particular, in the upper part of the discharge distribution (i.e., 60th percentile and above). Examination of two hypothetical agricultural scenarios indicates that these increasing trends could be alleviated by decreasing the extent of the agricultural production. We also discuss how the methodology presented in this study represents a viable approach to move forward with the concept of return period for engineering design and management in a nonstationary world.     

Pesticides in rain in four agricultural watersheds in the United States

Rainfall samples were collected during the 2003 and 2004 growing seasons at four agricultural locales across the USA in Maryland, Indiana, Nebraska, and California. The samples were analyzed for 21 insecticides, 18 herbicides, three fungicides, and 40 pesticide degradates. Data from all sites combined show that 7 of the 10 most frequently detected pesticides were herbicides, with atrazine (70%) and metolachlor (83%) detected at every site. Dacthal, acetochlor, simazine, alachlor, and pendimethalin were detected in more than 50% of the samples. Chlorpyrifos, carbaryl, and diazinon were the only insecticides among the 10 most frequently detected compounds. Of the remaining pesticide parent compounds, 18 were detected in fewer than 30% of the samples, and 13 were not detected. The most frequently detected degradates were deethylatrazine; the oxygen analogs (OAs) of the organophosphorus insecticides chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and malathion; and 1-napthol (degradate of carbaryl). Deethylatrazine was detected in nearly 70% of the samples collected in Maryland, Indiana, and Nebraska but was detected only once in California. The OAs of chlorpyrifos and diazinon were detected primarily in California. Degradates of the acetanilide herbicides were rarely detected in rain, indicating that they are not formed in the atmosphere or readily volatilized from soils. Herbicides accounted for 91 to 98% of the total pesticide mass deposited by rain except in California, where insecticides accounted for 61% in 2004. The mass of pesticides deposited by rainfall was estimated to be less than 2% of the total applied in these agricultural areas.     

Investment in human capital in Africa

Summary The author analyses the problems currently faced by the African continent, recognises six factors which he believes are important in influencing the analysis, and argues that the only secure, renewable asset any country or continent has, is its people. He maintains that people development, rather than the classical economic forms of encouraging development, offers Africa a viable way forward. He then identifies a number of specific issues within such a strategy of investment in human capital.Brian Walker is the President of the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), and this address was given at the inaugural meeting of the International Year of Shelter for the Homeless, in London, on 18th April, 1985. A second, earlier, associated address was published inThe Environmentalist 5(3) 167–170.     

Environmental assessment in countries in transition: evolution in a changing context

Over the last fifteen years, Environmental Assessment systems of transitional societies of Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia have undergone dramatic change from appraisals integrated into centrally planned economies to formal procedures aimed to ensure interdisciplinary analysis of environmental impacts and linked to publicly accountable decision-making. In most Central European nations, EA systems have been radically reformed to approximate the procedures used in developed countries, particularly in the European Union. In contrast, EA in most of the former Soviet republics has been reformed more gradually and is still based on the so-called State Environmental Review procedure inherited from the USSR and substantially different from 'Western' EA. About one-third of the transitional countries (in the Balkans, the Caucasus and Central Asia) have, so far, failed to establish functioning EA systems. Throughout the region, there has been a gap between EA legislation and practice, especially concerning interdisciplinary analysis of environmental impacts, public participation, and utilisation of EA findings in decision-making. A key driving force in the reform of EA systems has been the change in their societal context, the so-called 'process of transition'. Three main policy agendas--environmental protection, reforms of decision-making, and conforming to international requirements--along with the institutional context of EA regulations and practice have influenced both the change of EA systems over time and the regional variations in the patterns of their evolution. This study suggests that an effective reform of an EA system should be context-sensitive, or be 'in gear' with the political and economic transition. Future EA research should consider their changing societal contexts and focused on practical effects of applying EA procedures.     

电催化氧化处理难降解废水技术研究进展

电催化氧化处理难降解废水技术已得到了广泛关注.本文从电极材料与应用,电极结构及反应器形状,以及与其它处理方法联用等综述了最新研究进展,并在此基础上总结出了电催化氧化技术今后的发展方向.     

Community-company relations in gold mining in Ghana

As a result of Structural Adjustment Programme from the 1980s, many developing countries have experienced an increase in resource extraction activities by international and transnational corporations. The work reported here examines the perceived impacts of gold mining at the community level in the Wassa West District of Ghana, Africa and discusses those perceived impacts in the context of globalization processes and growing multinational corporate interest in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Interview data compared community members' perceptions with those of company representatives in three communities. The results indicate that communities held companies responsible for a series of economic, social, and environmental changes. While recognizing some of the benefits brought by the mines, communities felt that the companies did not live up to their responsibility to support local development. Companies responded by denying, dismissing concerns, or shifting blame. Findings from this work show that lack of engagement and action by government agencies at all levels resulted in companies acting in a surrogate governmental capacity. In such situations, managing expectations is key to community-company relations.     

Water management problems in economies in transition

Ambitious programmes of reform in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) are threatened by a serious deterioration of the environment. Large-scale damage of the natural environment in many forms, including water pollution has created development barriers which adversely affect the living conditions of current and future generations. Despite similar patterns of environmental policy in the CEE countries compared with their Western counterparts, neither environmental legislation nor economic incentives have produced any significant improvement in water quality over the last 10–20 years. For that very reason in the transition period, it is necessary to identify existing deficiencies in the system and to build up a mixed system of new institutions of water management, more realistic legislation with a strong enforcement system, and market based incentives for water conservation and protection against pollution.     

Sustainability Appraisal in neighbourhood planning in England

The preparation of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) inclusive sustainability appraisals (SAs) for neighbourhood plans (NPs) in England may be required when significant environmental effects are expected to arise from an NP. In this paper, we report on the result of a Ph.D. project, conducted between 2012 and 2015, in which all 15 NP SEA inclusive SAs that had been completed at the time were evaluated. In this context, the quality of SA practice was found to differ substantially. SAs were prepared either ‘in-house’ (i.e. by neighbourhood planning steering groups) or by consultants. The quality of SAs was found to be associated with their overall perceived degree of influence on the underlying NPs. Whilst the focus of this paper is on practice in England, findings are expected to be of interest to a wider international audience, in particular to those experimenting with voluntary neighbourhood/local level plan SA/SEA.     

Private participation in isolated grids in Mozambique

This article presents a case study from Mozambique of the electrification of two selected towns under a World Bank financed project. Low-cost electricity services were extended to the two isolated areas after an enabling framework had been created for private sector participation. The World Bank project also demonstrates that the private sector can be attracted to participate in rural electrification schemes even in a poor country. The example shown in this article is one of the few of its kind in SubSaharan Africa.