硫化物矿山尾矿生物氧化作用的抑制研究

硫化物矿山尾矿的风化、氧化会对周围环境产生危害,研究表明,以氧化亚铁硫杆菌为代表的嗜酸氧化菌起了非常重要的作用。本研究以从广东韶关大宝山尾矿分离得到的一株氧化亚铁硫杆菌作为实验菌株,添加不同剂量的杀菌剂,分析了杀菌剂对溶液pH、Eh值的影响,及杀菌剂的Fe2+氧化抑制率和最佳使用浓度。结果显示:实验用杀菌剂SDS和CTAB能有效地抑制金属硫化物尾矿的生物氧化和酸化:ρ(SDS)为30 mg/L时Fe2+的氧化抑制率达到82.83%;ρ(CTAB)为5 mg/L时Fe2+的氧化抑制率达到80.84%,添加了杀菌剂的溶液pH、Eh基本保持初始值不变,表明杀菌剂的使用可以控制金属硫化物尾矿的酸化污染。     

Rapid oxidation of sulfide mine tailings by reaction with potassium ferrate

The chemistry of sulfide mine tailings treated with potassium ferrate (K2FeO4) in aqueous slurry has been investigated. The reaction system is believed to parallel a geochemical oxidation in which ferrate ion replaces oxygen. This chemical system utilized in a pipeline (as a plug flow reactor) may have application eliminating the potential for tailings to leach acid while recovering the metal from the tailings. Elemental analyses were performed using an ICP spectrometer for the aqueous phase extract of the treated tailings; and an SEM-EDX for the tailing solids. Solids were analyzed before and after treatments were applied. ICP shows that as the mass ratio of ferrate ion to tailings increases, the concentration of metals in the extract solution increases; while EDX indicates a corresponding decrease in sulfur content of the tailing solids. The extraction of metal and reduction in sulfide content is significant. The kinetic timeframe is on the order of minutes.     

Concentrations of lead in aquatic macrophytes from Shoal Lake, Manitoba, Canada

The ability of aquatic macrophytes to accumulate lead was examined in the context of sample site, sample date, depth, organ and species. Considerable variations in lead concentrations were found between the 11 species of macrophytes studied. The mean lead concentration for all species sampled was 16 microg/g (dry weight) ranging from 0-78 microg/g. Analysis of variance indicated that there were significant differences in the mean lead content of macrophytes collected from different sample sites. Similarly, significantly higher values were observed for plants collected from the upper 2m of water. Seasonal trends in lead accumulation were not observed for Shoal Lake macrophytes.     

Effect of initial sulfide concentration on sulfide and phenol oxidation under denitrifying conditions

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the initial sulfide concentration on the kinetics and metabolism of phenol and sulfide in batch bioassays using nitrate as electron acceptor. Complete oxidation of sulfide (20 mg L(-1) of S(2-)) and phenol (19.6 mg L(-1)) was linked to nitrate reduction when nitrate was supplemented at stoichiometric concentrations. At 32 mg L(-1) of sulfide, oxidation of sulfide and phenol by the organo-lithoautotrophic microbial culture was sequential; first sulfide was rapidly oxidized to elemental sulfur and afterwards to sulfate; phenol oxidation started once sulfate production reached a maximum. When the initial sulfide concentration was increased from 20 to 26 and finally to 32 mg L(-1), sulfide oxidation was inhibited. In contrast phenol consumption by the denitrifying culture was not affected. These results indicated that sulfide affected strongly the sulfide oxidation rate and nitrate reduction.     

生物法生成单质硫过程中氧化还原电位的研究

采用升流式好氧反应器,接种实验室自行培养的排硫硫杆菌,进水硫化物质量浓度为343～356 mg/L,在不同容积负荷下,研究不同氧化还原电位(ORP)对硫化物生物转化的影响.结果表明,ORP为(-260±10)mV时,硫化物去除率均达95%以上;随着ORP的降低,硫化物去除率和硫酸根生成率均呈下降趋势;不同容积负荷下,控制合适的ORP均可得到单质硫的最大生成率.     

Interaction of limestone grains and acidic solutions from the oxidation of pyrite tailings

To characterise the coatings formed and to analyse element partitioning between the aqueous and solid phase, suspensions were prepared with four grain sizes of limestone and three different amounts of acidic solution from oxidized pyrite tailings. In all cases, red coatings with three different layers covered the grain surface, sealing off the acidic solution. The inner layer was composed mainly of basaluminite, the middle layer of schwertmannite, and the outer layer of gypsum and jarosite. Zn, Cd and Tl were co-precipitated by Fe and Al; As and Pb were co-precipitated almost completely by Fe; and Cu formed mainly Cu sulphates. All trace elements reached almost total precipitation at pH 6.3, but the precipitation of As and Pb tended to decrease as the pH rose. Consequently, liming should be calculated so that the soil pH does not exceed 6.3. This calculation should take into account that the armouring of the limestone grains can cause underestimations in the amount of liming material needed.     

Degradation of 1,4-dioxane using advanced oxidation processes

Introduction  

In the nuclear industry 1,4-dioxane is used as a solvent in liquid scintillation technique for measuring low-energy beta-emitters such as ³H or C¹⁴ in aqueous media. Improper disposal of 1,4-dioxane can contaminate the ground and surface waters. Conventional wastewater treatment processes like chemical treatment, air stripping, carbon adsorption, and biological treatment are ineffective for the degradation of 1,4-dioxane.     

Application of biochar in advanced oxidation processes: supportive,adsorptive, and catalytic role

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), especially sulphate radical (SO4•−)–based AOPs (SR-AOPs), have been considered more...     

低浓度硫化氢废气的液相催化氧化法净化实验研究

针对H2S浓度为750～1500 mg/m^3的气体的液相催化氧化技术进行了动力学实验研究.配制了以铁基离子作为主催化剂的复合吸收净化溶液,同时加入稳定剂和表面活性剂提高催化剂在碱性吸收溶液的活性.分别考察了原料气中H2S、O2含量以及吸收液中催化剂离子浓度、温度等因素对吸收速率的影响;确定了较为理想的吸收操作条件并获得了较好的吸收净化效果;饱和吸收液易于再生,净化性能恢复良好,可重复使用.     

低浓度硫化氢废气的液相催化氧化法净化实验研究

针对H2S浓度为750~1500mg/m3的气体的液相催化氧化技术进行了动力学实验研究。配制了以铁基离子作为主催化剂的复合吸收净化溶液,同时加入稳定剂和表面活性剂提高催化剂在碱性吸收溶液的活性。分别考察了原料气中H2S、O2含量以及吸收液中催化剂离子浓度、温度等因素对吸收速率的影响;确定了较为理想的吸收操作条件并获得了较好的吸收净化效果;饱和吸收液易于再生,净化性能恢复良好,可重复使用。     

氟苯再生酸氧化过滤-冷却结晶-吸附-减压浓缩净化工艺

为了开发一种氟苯再生酸的资源化利用途径,对某生产氟苯及其系列产品的化工厂排出的废酸进行了研究,提出了氧化过滤-冷却结晶-吸附-减压浓缩的净化工艺,并且在吸附阶段,通过自制改性的活性炭作为吸附剂来对氧化、结晶的酸液进行吸附,COD去除率高达96.8%。同时确定了氧化过滤阶段的最佳工艺条件：废酸/氧化剂为4∶1,温度为110℃,反应时间为120 min,吸附阶段的最佳工艺条件：吸附剂的投加比为10 g·L-1,吸附时间为12 h,吸附温度为30℃。结果表明,COD去除率高达99.4%,净化后废酸的硫酸含量达到82.4%。     

锰氧化物负载聚苯胺选择性氧化硫化物的效能及机理

目前关于含硫废水处理技术的研究已取得有效进展,但难以在去除含硫污染物的同时实现硫资源的回收利用。为此,通过化学浸渍法制得了锰氧化物负载聚苯胺(Mn_xO_y-PANI)催化剂。XRD、FTIR、XPS和SEM表征结果表明,Mn_xO_y已成功负载于PANI载体。以空气为氧化剂,探究了该催化剂对含硫废水(以Na₂S为模拟污染物)的选择性氧化性能。结果表明：Mn_xO_y-PANI催化剂表现出优异的Na₂S选择氧化性;当催化剂用量为0.2 g∙L⁻¹、Na₂S初始质量浓度为100 mg∙L⁻¹时,240 min内S²⁻可被完全氧化为单质硫(S₀)。Mn_xO_y-PANI反应后的XPS、XRD、Raman表征结果证明,S₀在催化剂上稳定存在。此外,考察了催化剂投加量、Na₂S初始浓度、反应温度、初始pH和不同反应气氛对催化氧化Na₂S的影响。循环实验结果表明,Mn_xO_y-PANI具有较好的稳定性。最后,提出了选择性氧化的可能反应机理,为含硫废水的治理和回收提供参考。     

高强紫外球形灯光解氧化硫化氢气体

提出了采用可产臭氧的高强球形紫外灯光解氧化硫化氢气体。考察了硫化氢初始浓度、湿度、含氧量、停留时间对硫化氢去除效率的影响。实验结果表明,硫化氢浓度在低浓度范围内,对硫化氢的去除效率可以达到99％以上。反应体系内气体湿度比含氧量对硫化氢的去除效率的影响更明显。气体湿度控制在45％～60％和反应停留时间控制在6～10s范围内为最佳。高强紫外球形灯处理硫化氢过程分别存在直接光解和臭氧氧化作用及两者的协同作用。     

Advanced oxidation processes in the treatment of trifluraline effluent

The treatment of an effluent from the production of trifluraline was studied using a 1-L, semi-batch, tank-stirred glass reactor for performing three different advanced oxidation processes (photoperoxidation, Fenton, photo-Fenton). A commercial, medium-pressure mercury lamp was used for sample irradiation. The degradation was monitored by measurements of absorptiometric color reduction, UV-visible absorption spectra, and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The obtained results showed that the photo-Fenton process was the most effective treatment for the trifluraline effluent.     

Treatment of landfill leachate by ozone-based advanced oxidation processes

In this study, laboratory experiments are conducted to compare the efficacy using several ozone-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), such as O3, O3/H2O2, and O3/UV, to treat landfill leachate. Raw leachate was initially coagulated by ferric chloride (FeCl3) at the experimental-determined optimal dosage of 900 mgl(-1), and the ozone-based AOPs were subsequently applied. Results indicate that all AOPs would result in a significant increase on the ratio of BOD5/COD from 0.06 to 0.5 at the applied ozone dosage of 1.2 gl(-1). The increase on biodegradability for ozonated leachate indicates that these AOPs would be beneficial to the subsequent biological treatment process. To better explain the alteration of high organic molecules after oxidation, ultrafiltration was used to separate the leachate by several molecular weight cutoffs (MWCO). The COD distribution for coagulated leachate is 34% for MWCO>10 kDa, 7% for MWCO between 5 and 10 kDa, 22% for MWCO between 1 and 5 kDa, and 37% for MWCO<1 kDa. Following ozonation or AOPs, the predominant distribution of COD would be obviously shifted to the MWCO less than 1000 gmol(-1) (72-85%) over the other MWCO ranges. In addition, Gel Permeation Chromatograph (GPC) analysis has showed a substantial agreement on the cleavage of larger organic compounds into smaller ones. O3/UV was found to be the most effective approach among these ozone-based AOPs to enhancing the biodegradability and eliminating the color of leachate.     

Visualization and analysis of mapping knowledge domain of oxidation studies of sulfide ores

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The oxidation of sulfide ores is a common phenomenon. To better understand the current development and status of oxidation studies of sulfide ores...     

催化湿式氧化处理高含硫废水的研究

利用催化湿式氧化法对一高含硫废水的处理效果进行了系统的研究。筛选出适合处理该种废水的WH型合金催化剂 ,并在此催化剂上考察了反应温度、压力、空速以及气水比 (体积 )等工艺条件对废水处理效果的影响 ,同时考察了废水在催化湿式氧化反应处理前后可生化性的变化。在 2 6 5℃、7.0MPa、空速 =1.0h- 1 、气 H2 O(体积 ) =2 0 0条件下 ,废水COD去除率可达到 77.1%。经过催化湿式氧化处理后 ,废水的BOD5 CODCr值显著提高 ,其值由 0 .0 16提高至 0 .6 4 ,可生化性良好     

气田高浓度含硫废水的化学氧化处理

采用亚硫酸钠(Na2SO3)氧化法对气田高含硫废水进行了实验研究.考察了硫化物初始浓度、Na2SO3/Na2S(摩尔比)、初始pH值和反应时间对Na2SO3氧化去除硫化物效果的影响,进行了对氧化产物的元素分析.结果表明,在Na2SO3/Na2S(摩尔比)为0.7、初始pH值为5和反应时间为5 min时,硫化物从1 100 mg/L降至1.80 mg/L,去除率高达99.84%,达到了气田回注水水质标准.元素分析发现,氧化产物中C、N、S、H和O元素的含量分别为0.11%、0.06%、98.73%、0.90%和1.10%,且其产率达到90.59%.     

Online oxygen control for sulfide oxidation in anaerobic treatment of high-sulfate wastewater.

A new technique for sulfide control was investigated in an upflow-anaerobic filter (UAF) treating high-strength, sulfate-rich wastewater. The technique used periodic oxygen injection using oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) as a controlling parameter to regulate oxygen injection. The UAF was operated at a constant influent total-organic carbon of 6740 mg/L but with different influent sulfates of 1000, 3000, and 6000 mg/L. At 1000 and 3000 mg/L influent sulfates, the produced sulfide did not impose any inhibition to methane-producing bacteria (MPB). However, at 6000 mg/L influent sulfate, the produced dissolved sulfide of 804 mg S/L (free sulfide = 280 mg S/L) severely inhibited the methanogenesis, but not the sulfidogenesis. Upon oxygen injection at elevated ORP of -265 mV, sulfides were almost completely eliminated with a concomitant improvement in methane yield by 46%. If oxygenation was excessive because of an oversetting of ORP, the excess oxygen could be used rapidly by facultative heterotrophs, thereby protecting the MPB from oxygen stress. Regarding online sulfide oxidation, it was found that the biogas and injected oxygen needed to pass through an aqueous layer containing trace metals, which were found to have a significant catalytic effect on abiotic sulfide oxidation.