新型高效分散阻垢剂XH—929的性能及应用

分散阻垢剂ＸＨ－９２９对循环冷却水ＣａＣＯ３、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３、ＭｇＳｉＯ３、Ｃａ３（ＰＯ４）２的沉积结垢有很好的抑制作用,且能在碱性条件下Ｚｎ＾２＋。动态模拟和工业应用实例表明,ＸＨ－９２分散阻垢剂与一缓蚀剂复配后,可起到较好的阻垢、缓蚀作用     

新型高效分散阻垢剂XH-929的性能及应用

分散阻垢剂ＸＨ－９２９对循环冷却水中ＣａＣＯ３、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３、ＭｇＳｉＯ３、Ｃａ３（ＰＯ４）２的沉积结垢有很好的抑制作用,且能在碱性条件下稳定Ｚｎ２＋。动态模拟试验和工业应用实例表明,ＸＨ－９２９分散阻垢剂与适量缓蚀剂复配后,可起到较好的阻垢、缓蚀作用。     

高铁酸钾的合成及其在水处理中的应用

高铁酸钾（Ｋ２ＦｅＯ４）是一种比ＫＭｎＯ４、Ｏ３和Ｃｌ２的氧化能力更强的强氧化剂，有关其合成和应用的研究早已引起人们的关注。特别是在水处理方面，与含氯型水处理剂相比，Ｋ２ＦｅＯ４不会引起二次污染，而且其分解产物Ｆｅ（ＯＨ）３还有絮凝作用，所以Ｋ２ＦｅＯ４是比较理想的水处理剂。１　合成试验及纯度分析１．１　合成试验Ｋ２ＦｅＯ４的合成方法有次氯酸盐法、电解法、过氧化物高温氧化法等。我们选择了在实验室易于实现的次氯酸盐氧化法，即在ＮａＣｌＯ溶液中加入Ｆｅ（ＮＯ３）３·９Ｈ２Ｏ固体，在２０℃左右进行反应…     

萃取法处理萤光废水

采用萃取法处理萤光废水，最佳萃取工艺条件如下：ｐＨ为１，废水：萃取剂：稀释剂为２０：２：５。在此工艺条件下，萤光废水ＣＯＤ去除率可达９１％－９８％，色度去除率达９９．８％。萃取剂可再生回用，在萃取相中按萃取剂（包括络合物）的量加入等体积的浓度为２０％的ＮａＯＨ溶液，在９５－１０５℃加热回流５－１０ｍｉｎ，即可使萃取剂得到再生。     

物理化学法处理高浓度有机废水

探讨了物理化学法处理环氧乙烷生产中产生的高浓度有机废水。利用Ｆｅｎｔｏｎ试剂和冶金高炉瓦斯灰的氧化、混凝、吸附等作用，对废水进行处理，废水的色度可去除１００％，ＣＯＤ可去除７０％以上，通过实验，得出了适宜的处理工艺条件：Ｆｅｎｔｏｎ试剂的投加量为３％Ｈ２Ｏ２浓度１５ｍＬ／Ｌ，１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＦｅＳＯ４溶液３．５ｍＬ／Ｌ，瓦斯灰的用量为５０ｇ／Ｌ，废水的ｐＨ为４左右；加Ｆｅｎｔｏｎ试剂处理和加瓦斯灰处     

废水中铁和锑同时的动力学—停流光度法

依据诱导反应的原理，提出了一种多元素同时测定的方法。用停流技术研究了Ｆｅ＾２＋和Ｓｂ＾３＋诱导的Ｃｒ＾６＋－Ｉ＾－氧化还原反应动力学，建立了同时测微量铁和锑的条件。线性工作分别为０－２．２μｇ／ｍｌ Ｆｅ＾２＋和０－２．０μｇ／ｍｌ Ｓｂ＾３＋，检测限为０．０１２μｇ／ｍｌＦｅ＾２＋和０．０１４μｇ／ｍＬＳｂ＾３＋，测定了废水中铁和锑的含量。     

不同金属离子存在下双氧水对难降解有机物的催化氧化

Ｈ２Ｏ２具有较高氧化电位,较强的氧化能力。后来人们发现,当Ｈ２Ｏ２与金属离子反应产生·ＯＨ自由基后,氧化能力更强。Ｆｅ２＋＋Ｈ２Ｏ２混合液（即Ｆｅｎｔｏｎ试剂）在催化氧化处理难降解有机物时,有很好的效果。但该试剂需要在ｐＨ≈３的酸性环境中才能发挥作用...     

由废料制备饲料级硫酸亚铁

由废料制备饲料级硫酸亚铁七水硫酸亚铁（ＦｅＳＯ４·７Ｈ２Ｏ），俗称绿矾，广泛应用于净水、除臭、化肥、防腐等领域。我们利用长沙某制药厂咖啡因生产过程中产生的废铁泥（含铁约７０％）和砷、铅含量很低的废发烟硫酸（Ｈ２ＳＯ４，浓度约为９８％），及湘潭某有机化...     

利用磷肥工业融产含氟硅胶制高补强白炭黑的工艺研究

介绍利用磷肥工业副产含氟硅胶制高补强白炭黑工艺研究的工业化结果。首先用氟化铵溶液溶解氟硅胶，制得（ＮＨ４）２ＳｉＦ６溶液，再用氨水使ＳｉＯ２重新析出，然后过滤，洗涤、干燥得产品。产品质量可达到ＧＢ１０５１７－８９、ＨＧ／Ｔ２１９７－９１的要求。应用该工艺不仅使含氟硅胶得到利用，而且避免了大量Ｈ２ＳｉＦ６溶液对环境的污染，具有较好的经济效益和环境效益。     

生物法降低冲灰水pH值的工艺研究

研究了硫细菌的特性、ＦｅＳ２在硫细菌作用下氧化生成Ｈ２ＳＯ４的工艺及其控制条件，并分析了该工艺应用于治理冲灰水ｐＨ值超标的可行性。     

Reducing acid leaching of manganiferous ore: effect of the iron removal operation on solid waste disposal

The process of reducing acid leaching of manganiferous ore is aimed at the extraction of manganese from low grade manganese ores. This work is focused on the iron removal operation. The following items have been considered in order to investigate the effect of the main operating conditions on solid waste disposal and on the process costs: (i) type and quantity of the base agent used for iron precipitation, (ii) effective need of leaching waste separation prior to the iron removal operation, (iii) presence of a second leaching stage with the roasted ore, which might also act as a preliminary iron removal step, and (iv) effect of tailings washing on the solid waste classification. Different base compounds have been tested, including CaO, CaCO3, NaOH, and Na2CO3. The latter gave the best results concerning both the precipitation process kinetics and the reagent consumption. The filtration of the liquor leach prior to iron removal was not necessary, implying significant savings in capital costs. A reduction of chemical consumption and an increase of manganese concentration in the solution were obtained by introducing secondary leaching tests with the previously roasted ore; this additional step was introduced without a significant decrease of global manganese extraction yield. Finally, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) tests carried out on the leaching solid waste showed: (i) a reduction of arsenic mobility in the presence of iron precipitates, and (ii) the need for a washing step in order to produce a waste that is classifiable as not dangerous, taking into consideration the existing Environmental National Laws.     

RECOVERY OF GALLIUM FROM COAL FLY ASH BY A DUAL REACTIVE EXTRACTION PROCESS

The extraction of gallium from coal fly ash by leaching and extraction with commercial extractants Amberlite LA-2 and LIX 54N dissolved in kerosene was studied. Leaching of gallium and other metals from the fly ash was carried out with 6 M hydrochloric acid. The leaching liquor is first contacted with Amberlite LA-2 which extracts the gallium and iron. The iron is then precipitated with sodium hydroxide, while gallium remains in solution. Gallium is extracted selectively from the base solution with LIX 54; the resulting stripped solution contains 83% of the gallium present in the leaching liquor. A flow diagram for this dual-extraction process is proposed.     

采用络合萃取法从维生素B12发酵废液中回收丙酸

采用络合萃取法回收维生素B12发酵废液中的丙酸,确定了络合萃取的最佳工艺条件：以0．5mol／L的磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为络合剂,油水比(体积比)为1：2,常温下萃取30min。在最佳工艺条件下单级萃取率为56％左右,四级萃取率可达98％以上。络合萃取过程中使用的有机溶剂可反复使用,使成本大大降低。     

Processing of copper converter slag for metal reclamation. Part I: Extraction and recovery of copper and cobalt.

Clean processing of copper converter slag to reclaim cobalt and copper could be a challenge. An innovative and environmentally sound approach for recovering valuable metals from such a slag has been developed in the present study. Curing the slag with strong sulphuric acid, without re-smelting or roasting as practiced currently in the industry, render it accessible to leaching, and more than 95% of cobalt and up to 90% of copper was extracted together with iron by water leaching, leaving silica behind in a residue. The copper in the leach liquor was recovered by cementation with iron and the dissolved iron crystallized as ferrous sulphate monohydrate. The cobalt in the mother-liquor rich in iron was recovered by either cementation or sulphide precipitation. Operation variables in the new process were also investigated and optimized.     

络合萃取法处理高浓度CLT酸废水的研究

采用7301正辛醇-H2SO4-NaOH化学萃取-反萃取体系对CLT酸废水进行了络合萃取处理试验。静态杯皿试验表明,通过萃取处理,CLT酸废水的COD去除率达93．5％．反萃取效率100％,废水中的回收物浓缩8～10倍,且萃取剂可再生回用。     

利用钢铁酸洗废液处理印染废水

利用钢铁酸洗废液对一印染厂印染废水进行了处理试验。工业装置运行结果表明，处理出水的各项指标均可达到国家排放标准，且该装置具有投资少，管理简便，运行费用等特点。     

Treatment process for MSW combustion fly ash laboratory and pilot plant experiments

Fly ash from combustion of municipal solid waste sometimes contains large amounts of soluble salts, such as NaCl, even though the content of soluble toxic metal compounds is relatively low. Removal of the salts by washing with water has been suggested as a method to increase the stability of this type of ash. In the work presented here, a simple washing process was studied and evaluated. The process includes three steps: leaching with water, filtration and displacement washing. Basic data were obtained in laboratory experiments and used in the construction of pilot plant equipment at a full size fluidized bed boiler, where a side-stream of the cyclone ash was treated. The process was designed to minimize the water consumption while obtaining an effective removal of salts and a stable ash residue. In order to achieve this, recirculation of leaching liquor was used and the displacement washing was adjusted to become close to ideal. The results showed that an ash/water slurry with a liquid to solid ratio as low as 3 could be handled without difficulty in the mixing, pumping and filtration units. Washing of the filter cake at a liquid to solid ratio of 0.5 removed the major part of the remaining dissolved salts in the pore liquid. About 90% of the chloride content was removed from the ash, whereas the contents of Na, K, Ca, Cd, Pb and a number of other minor elements were removed by 10-30%. Before treatment, the results of ash leaching tests were sometimes too high for chloride (2003/33/EC), but the treatment reduced the amount of soluble chlorides to far below the limit values. The leachability of most metals was reduced or unaffected by the ash treatment. For Na, K and Cl, it was less than 10% of the value for the untreated ash. However, the results showed that some ash components may be mobilized by the washing. Antimony is the most important due to its toxicity.     

锰矿浸渣中水溶性锰的回收

采用水洗—生石灰沉淀法回收锰矿浸渣中的水溶性锰,考察了液固比、水洗时间对锰矿浸渣中水溶性锰洗出率（洗出液与锰矿浸渣中水溶性锰的质量比）的影响,并探讨了n（生石灰）∶n（水溶性锰）、聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂加入量、反应温度和反应时间对洗出液中水溶性锰回收率（沉淀与洗出液中锰的质量比）的影响。实验结果表明：水洗工段,在去离子水体积（mL）与锰矿浸渣质量（g）比为5∶1、水洗时间5 min的条件下,水溶性锰洗出率达到92%;生石灰沉淀工段,n（生石灰）∶n（水溶性锰）对水溶性锰回收率的影响最大,其次为反应温度、絮凝剂加入量和反应时间,在n（生石灰）∶n（水溶性锰）=1.8、絮凝剂加入量0.2 mg/L、常温、反应时间10 min的条件下,水溶性锰回收率达90%以上;锰矿浸渣中水溶性锰的总回收率达83%以上。     

黑白显像管玻壳铅尘中铅的提取方法

研究了黑白显像玻壳生产中产生的含铅粉尘的水溶性,酸溶性,浸出毒性和铅的存在形态,提出了用盐酸循环浸铅,冷析ＰｂＣｌ２的提铅方法,考察了浸取剂及浓度,浸取温度,浸取时间对铅浸出率的影响,为充分利用铅资源及实现铅尘无害化提供了依据。     

环己烷氧化废碱液的回收利用

介绍了一种从环己烷氧化废碱液中回收高价值有机酸的新方法。用氢氧化钠碱熔处理废碱液中的羟基己酸及其聚合物，可使废碱液中己二酸的质量分数由3．18％提高到8．74％，且环境效益和经济效益显著。