Characterization and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in sediments of Haihe River, Tianjin, China

In this study sediment samples were collected from 13 sites of Haihe River in Tianjin City, China, sixteen of priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） listed in USEPA were analyzed by means of GC-MS. The total concentrations of PAH ranged from 774.81 to 255371.91 ng/g dw, and two to four rings of PAHs were dominant in sediment samples. Molecular ratios, such as phenanthrene/anthracene, fluoranthene/pyrene and low-molecular-weight PAH/high-molecular-weight PAH, were used to study the possible sources of pollution. It indicated a mixed pattern of parolytic and petrogenic inputs of PAHs in sediments in Haihe River. The petrogenic PAHs may be mainly derived from the leakage of refined products, e.g., gasoline, diesel fuel and fuel oil vehicle traffics or gas stations from urban area. The pyrolytic PAHs might be from the discharge of industrial wastewater and the emission of atmospheric particles from petrochemical factories. In addition, the levels of PAHs in the urban and industrial areas are far beyond the values reported from other rivers and marine systems reported. This situation may be due to polluted discharging from some petrochemical industrial manufactories and worse traffic conditions in Tianjin.     

黄河中下游表层沉积物中有机氯农药含量及分布

利用GC-ECD检测了黄河中下游干支流23个表层沉积物中的有机氯农药,主要检测出HCHs、DDTs、六氯苯、氯丹等,总含量范围为0.35～22.92 ng/g,其中HCHs和DDTs的含量较高,分别为0.09～12.88 ns/g和0.05～5.03 ng/g.干流中有机氯农药的含量从中游到中下游呈逐渐升高趋势,主要支流中的含量为:新蟒河＞金堤河＞汜水＞伊洛河＞沁河.干流中HCHs含量较海河、珠江、长江和黄浦江明显偏高;DDTs含量与除海河外的其它河流基本相同,但两者均低于国外河流.沿河流区域工业废水和主要支流的汇入、农药的广泛施用所引起的长期残留与风化土壤是黄河有机氯农药污染的主要来源.     

Perfluoroalkyl substances and organochlorine pesticides in sediments from Huaihe watershed in China

Twelve perfluoroalkyl substances （PFASs） and nine organochlorine pesticides （OCPs） were quantified in surface sediments from the Huaihe River, China, along which there are intensive industrial and agricultural activities. Concentrations of PFASs ranged from 0.06 to 0.46 ng/g dry weight （dw）, and concentrations of OCPs ranged from 1.48 to 32.65 ng/g dw. Compared with other areas in China, concentrations of PFASs were lesser than the national mean value, while concentrations of OCPs were moderate. Concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid （PFOA） and perfluorooctane sulfonate （PFOS） ranged from n.d. （not detected） to 0.03 and n.d. to 0.10 ng/g dw, respectively. Among the three groups of OCPs, mean concentrations of hexachlorocyclohexane and its isomers （HCHs）, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites （DDTs） and hexachlorobenzene （HCB） were 5.62 ± 4.35, 2.43 ± 3.12 and 1.55 ± 4.17 ng/g dw, respectively. Concentrations of HCHs and DDTs decreased from upstream to downstream along the mainstream of the Huaihe River. When compared to sediment quality guidelines （SQGs）, concentrations of HCHs, DDTs and HCB would pose adverse biological effects. In general, contamination by PFASs in the upstream of the Huaihe River was more severe than that in the downstream, which was mainly caused by interception from dams, locks and industrial emissions. And OCPs from tributaries, especially the Yinghe River and Wohe River, were higher than those from Huaihe mainstream, and primarily came from historical inputs.     

Organochlorines in sediments and mussels collected from coastal sites along the Pearl River Delta, South China

IntroductionContaminationofthemarineenvironmentassociatedwithorganochlorineshasreceivedincreasingattentionoverthelastthirtyyears.Particularattentionhasbeenfocusedonthecoastalzoneandestuaries ,especiallynearmetropolitanregion(Sericano ,1990 ) .ThePearlRiverestuarine ,rangefromDayaBayintheeasttoChangshanIslandsinthewest,supportslargepopulationsofmarineorganismsandextensivefisheriesintheSouthChina .Sincethe 1980s ,therehasbeenrapideconomicdevelopmentinthePearlRiverDeltaresultinginexcessivedi…     

淮河沉积物中有机氯农药的残留与风险评价

采用GC-ECD对淮河江苏段表层沉积物中16种有机氯农药(OCPs)残留进行测定. 结果表明,有机氯农药在所有样品中均有检出,w(OCPs)为8.88～16.22 ng/g;组分分布特征分析表明,六六六类(Hexachlorocyclohexanes,HCHs)农药的来源可能与早期土壤的残留或大气远距离输送有关,滴滴涕类(DDTs)污染除了来自早期土壤残留外,近期可能有新的含DDTs农药成分的物质输入;相关性分析揭示总有机碳(TOC)是影响沉积物中有机氯农药分布的重要原因;与国内不同地区沉积物中有机氯农药残留相比,淮河江苏段有机氯农药污染水平中等;与淡水水域沉积物质量标准对照发现,其对水生底栖生物危害风险较低.      

海河及渤海表层沉积物中多环芳烃的分布与来源

采集海河和渤海表层沉积物样品,测定16种EPA规定多环芳烃.海河∑PAH含量（干重）范围为445～2185 ng·g-1,平均值为964 ng·g-1;渤海∑PAH含量范围为171～290 ng·g-1,平均值为226 ng·g-1.海河塘沽区段和天津市区段沉积物中∑PAH含量比郊区段含量高.LMW/HMW(低分子质量/高分子质量)和异构体比值分析表明,生物质及煤的燃烧为海河表层沉积物中PAHs主要来源;对于渤海湾大部分区域来说,石油污染是其PAHs的主要来源,而热解来源的PAHs主要以生物质及煤的燃烧为主;滨海旅游度假村附近海域因受旅游活动影响而燃烧源的贡献较大.风险评价表明,海河及部分渤海海域存在潜在生态危害,滨海村附近海域存在潜在生态风险可能性较低.     

黄浦江表层沉积物中有机氯农药的分布特征及风险评价

用双柱GC/ECD对黄浦江表层沉积物中的20种有机氯农药进行了分析 沉积物中总有机氯农药含量范围为2.65～19.54ng/g ,含量较高的组分有DDTs、BHCs、甲氧氯和狄氏剂等,DDTs含量高于BHCs ,含量范围分别为0.68～4.43ng/g和0.14～0.77ng/g 从上游到下游沉积物中有机氯农药含量呈升高趋势,说明工业污染及苏州河对黄浦江中下游水环境中的有机氯农药具有较大的输入贡献.有机氯农药组分分布特征研究表明,当前沉积物中的有机氯农药主要来自于早期残留或是施用农药长期风化后的土壤.相关性分析表明,总有机碳是影响沉积物中有机氯农药分布的重要因素.与其它地区相比较,黄浦江沉积物中有机氯农药含量较低.与沉积物风险评估值相比较,黄浦江中下游沉积物存在一定的生态风险.     

太湖沉积物中有机氯农药的残留特征及风险评估

分析了太湖沉积物中的有机氯农药残留情况,发现DDT及其代谢产物、HCH的异构体、艾氏剂、狄氏剂、六氯苯、七氯等在几乎所有的样品中均被检出.其中β-HCH、p,p'-DDE和六氯苯的残留水平最高,平均值分别达到6.572ng/g、1.432ng/g和2.158ng/g(干重),沉积物的HCHs含量明显高于DDTs.有机氯农药的主要来源为地表径流入湖、大气沉降和工业污水排放.数据表明太湖沉积物的HCHs、DDTs比报道的中国江河沉积物高,但低于海湾沉积物.根据海洋风险评估值进行对比,太湖沉积物中有机氯农药的生态风险较低.     

太湖梅梁湾沉积物中有机氯农药的残留现状

采用GC/ECD分析了梅梁湾沉积物中有机氯农药的残留现状.所测样品中有机氯农药总浓度为1.78～64.74ng/g,其中,HCHs、DDTs在几乎所有采样点都有检出,含量分别是0.23～1.81ng/g、1.78～63.08ng/g.HCHs中,α-HCH与γ-HCH残留水平相当,未检出β-HCH.DDTs中p,p'DDE残留水平较高.数据表明有机氯农药中HCHs可能有新的污染源输入,DDTs在多数采样点发生好氧生物降解,与国内不同水体表层沉积物中HCHs、DDTs的含量相比,梅梁湾沉积物中有机氯农药含量较低.     

天津市典型排污河水体中溶解性有机质的荧光分布特征分析

利用三维荧光光谱研究了天津市两条典型排污河(大沽排污河和北塘排污河)沿河水体中溶解性有机质(DOM)的荧光分布特征,并通过对荧光参数——紫外区类富里酸峰中心位置的荧光强度与可见区类富里酸峰中心位置的荧光强度比值(r(A,C))和激发光波长370nm时荧光发射光谱强度在450nm与500nm处的比值(f450/500)的分析,探讨了水体中DOM的来源.结果表明,大沽排污河除中游个别位置外,其它位置水体均能检出紫外区类富里酸、类蛋白、可见光区类腐殖质、紫外区类腐殖质,总体上呈中游少、上下游多的特点;而北塘排污河水体中DOM的荧光峰从上游到下游呈增多趋势,但检出数量比较少.两条排污河水体中DOM均以紫外区类腐殖质最强.两条排污河水体中DOM的荧光强度与其水质参数之间存在显著相关性,而大沽排污河的相关系数更大.结合荧光参数r(A,C)和f450/500的分析和现场对入河排污口的调研,发现两条排污河的溶解性有机质来源均以入河排污口排污汇入(陆源)为主,另外还有少量沉积物有机质释放(微生物作用).     

汾河表层沉积物PCBs和OCPs含量、来源及生态风险

利用GC-ECD方法测定了汾河太原段30个表层沉积物样品中多氯联苯(PCBs)和有机氯农药(OCPs)的含量,同时对沉积物中PCBs和OCPs的来源和生态风险进行了研究.结果表明,研究区PCBs和OCPs的含量分别为n.d.~50.95μg/kg和2.19 ~25.24μg/kg.Aroclor检出率最高为Aroclor1260和Aroclor1254,这可能与我国主要生产和使用的PCB有关.OCPs中p,p￠-DDE含量占优势,研究区HCH和DDT来源于工业和农业输入.生态风险评价结果表明,γ-HCH、DDT(total),o,p￠+p,p￠-DDT,p,p￠-DDE,七氯环氧化物,PCBs总量可能会对研究区水生生态环境造成潜在影响,但整体风险水平不高.     

漓江沉积柱芯有机氯农药垂向分布特征与来源

用GC/ECD内标法定量法首次测定了广西桂林漓江沉积柱中19种有机氯农药(OCPs)的含量,结果表明:漓江沉积柱芯中OCPs浓度范围为4.75～489.4ng/g(均值43.26ng/g),在国内处于中等污染水平。OCPs、HCHs表现出下游污染程度高于上游,但DDTs则相反,这是由于上游的取样点蚂蟥洲附近有大量餐饮业造成的。沉积柱垂直分布表明,漓江近期受到人为污染影响。总体上漓江沉积物中HCHs污染大于DDTs,符合当地的农药使用历史。同分异构体比值表明研究区DDT主要是历史使用农药残留并得到了较好的降解,且以厌氧生物降解为主,当地在使用三氯杀螨醇可能性不大;沉积物中工业六六六尚未降解完全,同时周围可能有林丹输入。     

有机氯农药在海河干流水体和菹草中的浓度分布

于2008年3月29日—5月25日对海河干流水体和菹草中的有机氯农药(OCPs)——六六六(HCHs)和滴滴涕(DDTs)的分布进行了采样调查. 结果表明,水体中ρ(HCHs)和ρ(DDTs)分别为3.95～20.15和6.88～35.23 ng/L,平均值为11.11和15.34 ng/L;菹草中w(HCHs)和w(DDTs)分别为2.17～7.82和1.40～22.80 ng/g,平均值分别为4.49和7.79 ng/g,菹草生长旺盛期的w(HCHs)和w(DDTs)最高,其变化主要受水体中ρ(HCHs)和ρ(DDTs)的影响;菹草生长旺盛期HCHs和DDTs的PCF值最高;菹草中HCHs的主要成分为γ-HCH,而水体中为β-HCH;DDT是水体和菹草中DDTs的主要成分,但菹草中DDT的相对含量明显低于水体,与水体相比,DDT在菹草中能进一步被降解,且以好氧降解为主.      

Distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and decabromodiphenylethane in surface sediments from Fuhe River and Baiyangdian Lake, North China

Nineteen surface sediment samples collected from Baiyangdian Lake and its inflowing river (Fuhe River) in North China were analyzed for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE). The concentrations of PBDEs and DBDPE in sediments ranged from 5.5 to 300.7 ng/g dry weight (dw) and 1.1 to 68.2 ng/g dw, respectively. Their levels in sediments in Fuhe River were significantly higher than those in Baiyandian Lake. Compared to data from other regions, the PBDE levels in surface sediments from Baiyangdian Lake and Fuhe River were in the medium to lower range. Among the PBDE congeners, BDE209 was predominant, with contributions to the total PBDEs ranging from 79.4% to 97.3% in sediment samples. For the lowly brominated congeners (tri- to hepta-BDE), BDE47 and BDE99 were the most abundant, which contributed 52.1% and 44.1% to the sum of tri- to hepta-BDEs in the sediments from Baiyangdian Lake and Fuhe River, respectively. The compositional patterns of PBDEs in Baiyangdian Lake sediments indicated that technical deca-BDE mixture was the major pollutant sources with a minor contribution of penta-BDE mixture. The present study suggested that the importance of Fuhe River as a possibly potential sources of PBDEs contamination in Baiyangdian Lake.     

海河流域14条河流表层沉积物中多溴联苯醚的分布特征

海河流域是我国受人类活动扰动强度最大的地区,为了解多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）在该流域的污染现状与分布特征,通过采集14条主要河流的48个表层沉积物样品,采用高分辨的GC-MS/MS技术对干燥后的沉积物中27种PBDEs进行分析.结果发现沉积物中PBDEs的平均含量范围为0.06～2.10 ng·g^-1;其中徒骇河沉积物...     

珠江三角洲河流和珠江口表层沉积物中有机污染物研究——多环芳烃和有机氯农药的分布及特征

参照美国ＥＰＡ８０００系列方法及质量保证和质量控制，对江三角洲河流和珠江口的表层沉积物中多环芳烃和有机氯农药进行了分析。结果表明，珠江广州河段及澳门内港的ＰＡＨｓ和有机氯农药含量最高；进入狮子洋水道后，污染物的含量显著减少；珠江口西岩污染物的含量高于东岸；西江表层沉积物中优控制ＰＡＨｓ的含量相对较高。对多环芳烃的来源也作了初步探讨。     

九龙江口水体中有机氯农药分布特征及归宿

1999-06,对九龙江口15个站位的表层水,13个站位的间隙水进行了18种有机氯农药的测定结果表明,有机氯农药总含量在表层水中的浓度范围为51.3～2479nng/L在间隙水中的浓度范围是266～33355ng/L.对不同有机氯的含量在各站位的分布特征进行了探讨,发现Methoxychlor(甲氧滴涕),Endosulfan Sulfate(硫酸硫丹),Endrinaldehyde(乙醛异狄氏剂)以及Endosulfan II(硫丹),Dieldrin(狄氏剂),Deta-HCH和Beta-HCH 7种有机氯农药在18种有机氯农药中都占主要部分;九龙江口的六六六的含量顺序:β＞δ>α＞γ;对于滴滴涕,表层水中的含量:DDE>>DDD＞DDT;间隙水中的含量:DDE>>DDT＞DDD,二者DDE的含量都在总DDTs的50%以上,说明环境中的DDTs主要降解为DDE;九龙江口有机氯农药随着盐度梯度,在河口中呈去除趋势;且间隙水中有机氯农药比表层水中的浓度高,说明其倾向于吸附在沉积物颗粒上,其浓度差使得有机污染物可能通过再悬浮等过程从底层向上层迁移.九龙江口的有机氯农药污染与其他港湾相比,污染水平相当,部分站位水质有机氯农药(HCHs和DDTs)超过国家一类水质的标准.     

辽河和太湖沉积物中PAHs和OCPs的分布特征及风险评估

于2009年6月分别采集辽河和太湖表层沉积物样品,测定了多环芳烃(PAHs)和有机氯农药(OCPs)的含量.结果表明,辽河表层沉积物中∑PAHs含量(干重)为120.8~22120ng/g,平均值为3281ng/g,处于较高的水平;太湖∑PAHs的含量为256.6~1709ng/g,平均值为829.0ng/g,处于中等水平.两采样区的PAHs以4环和5~6环为主,荧蒽含量最高,PAHs主要因热解产生.辽河和太湖表层沉积物中OCPs的含量均处于较低水平,且均以β-HCH为主.利用相平衡分配法建立了15种PAHs和8种OCPs的沉积物基准值,对沉积物中PAHs和OCPs进行了生态风险评估,结果显示辽河流域的浑河段均有∑PAHs、∑DDTs和∑HCHs超标点位,具有较大的生态风险;太湖流域未发现超标点位,沉积物中各类污染物中含量均未超过基准值,生态风险较小.     

Bioconcentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in roots of three mangrove species in Jiulong River Estuary

IntroductionMangrovesareintertidalwetlands ,commonintropicalandsubtropicalcoastalregions,especiallyinbaysandriverestuaries.Theyareamongthemostbiologicallyimportantnatureresoursesonearth ,promotingthediversitiesofterrestrialandaquaticorganisms.Astheprimary…     

南京市小河流表层沉积物中的有机氯农药残留及其分布现状

004年春,以南京市西南部4条通入长江的小河流为试区,采集不同断面表层沉积物和水样,以及相应流域内农田土壤样品,对所有样品中有机氯农药的残留及其分布状况进行研究,并讨论了农田土壤有机氯农药残留量和理化性质对河流表层沉积物中有机氯残留量的影响.结果表明:沉积物对水体HCHs和DDTs有明显的富集作用,不同河流富集状况不尽相同.农田土壤中HCHs与沉积物中HCHs残留量基本相近,土壤中DDTs残留量明显高于沉积物,可见土壤中HCHs更易迁移至水系.由于土壤有机质易于从偏碱性的土壤中淋出,吸附在有机质上的有机氯残留物易随之转移至沉积物中,因此在流经偏碱性土壤的河流沉积物中OCPs残留量较高.各流域内农田土壤与河水及沉积物中α/γ及DDE/DDT值的变化有一定程度的趋同性,反映了土壤是水体及沉积物中OCPs的主要来源.此外,有机氯各组分在土壤-水体-沉积物的迁移过程中,易迁移者在沉积物中含有较高比例.此外,沉降作用将大大降低小河流向长江输入的OCPs.