金尾矿综合利用技术研究与应用进展

黄金矿石的品位低,经选冶后会产生比其他金属矿石更多的尾矿。黄金矿山尾矿的大量排放,造成了黄金和其他有价金属的流失,同时大量尾矿堆积,对环境带来了极大的危害。为进一步回收有价金属,保护矿区的生态环境,重点介绍了尾矿中有价元素的综合回收技术,进一步变废为宝,开发宝贵的二次资源。     

依靠科技进步 加强铁矿物回收

首钢水厂选矿厂多年来利用磁滑轮用尾气及回收工艺和尾矿回收再选工艺，降低了尾矿品位，提高了金属回收率，为矿山的可持续发展和资源的开发与保护提供了新思路。     

含铁尾矿的回收利用

随着矿产资源的日益枯竭,开发二次资源－－尾矿资源已势在必行。本文探讨的是用磁选柱回收朝鲜某含铁尾矿的可行性,试验表明：采用磁选柱可以实现回收该尾矿中的铁的目的,铁精矿品位可达65％以上,铁精矿产率、回收率指标亦较高,该尾矿资源的开发意义重大,不仅腾出了尾矿场地,解决了环境污染,也解决了我国北方一些地区对铁原料的需求,并为我国尾矿资源的开发开辟了一条途径。     

上厂铁矿尾矿复选赤铁矿新技术

昆钢上厂铁矿尾矿库堆存含铁20％－28％的尾矿近千万吨,采用细粒跳汰和SLon立环脉动高样度磁选机分选的新技术,每年从尾矿中回收铁品位55％－58％的优质赤铁矿精矿7万t。     

攀钢选矿厂尾矿输送改造工程

攀钢矿业公司选矿厂尾矿输送存在不少问题,致使大量含钒、钛金属的尾矿排入金沙江,引起长江域环境污染和金属资源的大量流失。在科学技术关解决了输尾主体设备的砂泵、管道的耐磨性能的情况下,对尾矿输送系统进行全面改造,使尾矿输送入率达93％以上。在此基础上又针对其尾矿浓缩性能较好的特点,进行尾矿高浓度输送试验研究和尾矿输送系统高浓度改造。     

尾矿资源化利用的问题、条件及相关政策建议

我国是矿产资源生产和消费大国.由于我国矿产资源的特点是单一大型矿床少、共伴生和贫矿难选矿多、矿石自然品位较低等,加上采选技术、加工技术及设备落后等原因,矿产资源回收率低、单位矿产品的废弃物产生量大,造成我国可利用的资源不足等问题,所以尾矿资源的利用显得十分必要和迫切,但尾矿的利用必须以经济可行且对环境不造成二次污染为前提.论述了尾矿资源化利用必须解决的问题,并就尾矿资源化利用提出了相关政策建议.     

攀钢选矿厂尾矿入坝系统的两次改造

介绍了攀钢矿业公司选矿厂“尾矿全部过江入坝”和“尾矿高浓度输送”系统的两次攻关改造过程。通过改造，选矿厂最大限度地提高了尾矿入坝率，避免了环境污染，保存了大量尚难利用的贵重金属，有效地利用了废水资源，降低了能耗。在当今的环保和可持续发展要求下，作为大中型选矿企业，要改善选矿生产环境条件下，创造良好的社会效益和经济效益，实现可持续发展，就应加强“尾矿入坝”工作，为此必须搞好尾矿输送系统的改造。本对矿山系统尾矿输送的技术和管理有一一借鉴作用。     

尾矿中钛资源综合回收的研究

针对某矿山选厂尾矿中金红石嵌连关系复杂，采用常规选矿工艺难以经济有效地回收其中的钛资源问题，探索了采用高效捕收剂ZP—01及分级浮选精矿再磁选一重选联合的新工艺。试验研究表明：采用高效捕收剂ZP—01及分级浮选精矿再磁选一重选的新工艺，可以获得金红石精矿品位为81．06％的较好指标，使该尾矿中的钛资源综合回收难题得到了较好的解决。     

利用铁尾矿制造建筑用砖

简述了我国铁尾矿的资源状况,介绍了用铁尾矿制作各种建筑用砖的研究成果。结果表明,铁尾矿制砖是铁尾矿综合利用的一种有效途径。     

有色金属工业固废资源属性多维度评价体系构建——以锡尾矿为例

提升固废综合利用水平是近年各类政策、法规、标准的要求,从固废资源属性入手,全面分析和评价固废资源属性特征,有利于固废综合利用技术的开发应用,是提升固废综合利用水平的有效途径。本文针对目前固废资源属性特征评价体系缺失、资源属性数据缺乏等问题,以有色金属工业固废为例建立了一套资源属性评价体系。从有色金属工业固废自身的物质和能量属性,以及使其成为固废的环境、经济、技术、社会等6个维度构建评价指标体系,形成定性和定量相结合的14项指标,并以锡尾矿为例,进行实证。结果表明,除能量维度外,对锡尾矿开展资源化利用的综合潜力较大,其最具潜力的利用途径是回收有价金属,其次是作为陶瓷制品的原料,评价也指出未来在锡尾矿作为建材利用的技术方面仍需要加强研发和应用推广。评价结果以定量为主结合定性描述,为锡尾矿资源化利用方向提供了具体参照和指导,也为探索固废资源属性全面评价、完善固废资源属性数据库提供理论和方法学的借鉴。     

铁尾矿路用对土壤环境质量影响及安全修复研究

为分析铁尾矿路用对道路沿线土壤环境质量影响的程度,对铁尾矿化学成分及有害物质进行测定,以秦巴山区的山地黄棕壤作为道路建设的耕土环境,把铁尾矿按70％～90％的推荐比例掺入,铁尾矿中的重金属按照最不利的全浸入式扩散进行分析,对黄棕壤中重金属含量超过限制要求的重金属进行安全修复,使铁尾矿道路沿线黄棕壤的重金属含量满足限制要...     

论铁矿尾矿的资源化

本文从矿产资源、环境保护、土地资源和资金投入等方面,论述了铁尾矿资源化的重要性,并提出了建议和对策     

粤北地区尾矿库遥感调查与生态环境评价

运用遥感技术,对粤北地区尾矿库进行调查发现,粤北地区尾矿库主要包括金属矿山、非金属矿山、选冶场所尾矿库,安全隐患较多,环境污染较为突出,地质灾害风险明显,二次矿山资源浪费较为严重。近年来,广东省及各市县等地方政府部门加强了对粤北地区尾矿库的管理,取得了一定的成效,未来应进一步加强监管和治理力度,提高尾矿资源利用水平。     

Cottongrass effects on trace elements in submersed mine tailings

Phytostabilization may limit the leakage of metals and As from submersed mine tailings, thus treatment of acid mine drainage with lime could be reduced. Tall cottongrass (Eriophorum angustifolium Honckeny) and white cottongrass (E. scheuchzeri Hoppe) were planted in pots with unlimed (pH 5.0) and limed (pH 10.9) tailings (containing sulfides) amended with sewage sludge (SS) or a bioashsewage sludge mixture (ASM). Effects of the amendments on plant growth and plant element uptake were studied. Also, effects of plant growth on elements (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, and As), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and concentrations of SO4(2-), in the drainage water as well as dissolved oxygen in tailings, were measured. Both plant species grew better and the shoot element concentrations of white cottongrass were lower in SS than in ASM. Metal concentrations were lowest in drainage water from limed tailings, and plant establishment had little effect on metal release, except for an increase in Zn levels, even though SO4(2-) levels were increased. In unlimed tailings, plant growth increased SO4(2-) levels slightly; however, pH was increased and metal concentrations were low. Thus, metals were stabilized by plant uptake and high pH. Amendments or plants did not affect As levels in the drainage water from unlimed tailings. Thus, to reduce the use of lime for stabilizing metals, phytostabilization with tall cottongrass and white cottongrass on tailings is a sound possibility.     

Phytostabilization potential of quailbush for mine tailings: growth, metal accumulation, and microbial community changes

Abandoned mine tailings sites in semiarid regions remain unvegetated for extended periods of time and are subject to eolian dispersion and water erosion. This study examines the potential phytostabilization of a lead-zinc mine tailings site using a native, drought-tolerant halophyte, quailbush [Atriplex lentiformis (Torr.) S. Wats.]. In a greenhouse study germination, growth, and metal uptake was evaluated in two compost-amended mine tailings samples, K4 (pH 3) and K6 (pH 6) at 75, 85, 90, 95, and 100% mine tailings, and two controls, off-site and compost. Microbial community changes were monitored by performing MPN analysis of iron- and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria as well as heterotrophic plate counts. Results demonstrate that germination is not a good indicator for phytostabilization since it was only inhibited in the unamended K4 treatment. Plant growth was significantly reduced in 95 and 100% mine tailings, while growth in 75, 85, and 90% treatments was similar to the off-site control. Quailbush accumulated elevated levels of the nutrient metals Na, K, Mn, and Zn in the shoot tissues; however, metal accumulation was generally below the domestic animal toxicity limit. Initially, autotrophic population estimates were four to six logs higher than heterotrophic counts, indicating extremely stressed conditions. However, post-harvest, heterotrophic bacterial counts increased to normal levels (approximately 10(6) CFU g-1 dry tailings) and dominated the rhizosphere. Therefore, with compost amendment, quailbush has good potential as a native species candidate for phytostabilization of mine tailings in semiarid environments.     

Study of Fractionation and Potential Mobility of Metal from the Guadalquivir Estuary: Changes in Mobility with Time and Influence of the Aznalcollar Mining Spill

This study analyzed the evolution of metal levels in surface sediments from the Guadalquivir estuary between 1997 and 2002 and assessed the impact of the April 1998 Aznalcollar tailings dam failure and subsequent cleanup on metal concentrations in surface sediments. We also analyzed metal distribution with time in five chemical fractions of the surface sediments: exchangable, carbonate, reducible, oxidizable, and residual. This work showed that the April 1998 Aznalcollar tailings dam failure caused a considerable increase in the concentrations of Cd, Zn, Cu, and Pb in the surface sediments of the Guadalquivir estuary. It was also found there was a change in the distribution of Cd, Zn, Cu, and Pb between the chemical fractions of the sediment after the failure of the dam. There were increases in the percentages of Cd in the carbonate fraction, of Zn and Pb in the reducible fraction, and of Cu in the oxidizable fraction, whereas the percentages of these elements associated with the residual fraction decreased. In 1999, there was a decrease in the metal concentrations in the surface sediments from the Guadalquivir estuary, and by 2000 the chemical distribution and metal levels had returned to levels similar those before the dam failure.     

Ecosystem function in alluvial tailings after biosolids and lime addition

Municipal biosolids and agricultural limestone were incorporated into the surface of alluvial highly acidic, metal-contaminated mine tailings in Leadville, CO, in 1998. Amended sites were seeded and a plant cover was subsequently established. A range of chemical and biological parameters were measured over time to determine if treatment was sufficient to restore ecosystem function. An uncontaminated upstream control (UUC), a contaminated vegetated area (CVA), and soils collected from the tailings deposits before amendment addition were used for comparison. Standard soil extracts showed decreases in extractable Pb, Zn, and Cd in the amended soils. Increased CO2 evolution, reduced N2O, and elevated NO3- in the amended tailings indicated an active microbial community. Levels of CO2 and NO3- were elevated in comparison with the CVA and UUC. Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and earthworm (Eisenia foetida) survival and metal uptake values were similar in amended tailings to a laboratory control soil. Ryegrass and worms in unamended tailings died. Field plant diversity was lower in amended areas than in CVA or UUC, with a higher percentage of the vegetative cover consisting of grasses. Small mammal analysis showed a low potential for elevated body Cd and Pb in the amended tailings. A re-entrainment study using fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) showed no danger for resuspended amended tailings, as survival of fish was similar to the laboratory control. Data suggest that ecosystem function has been restored to the amended tailings, but that these systems are not yet in equilibrium.     

Field test of in situ soil amendments at the Tar Creek National Priorities List Superfund site

A range of soil amendments including diammonium phosphate fertilizer (DAP), municipal biosolids (BS), biosolids compost, and Al- and Fe-based water treatment residuals were tested on Pb-, Zn-, and Cd-contaminated yard soils and tailings at the Tar Creek NPL site in Oklahoma to determine if amendments could restore a vegetative cover and reduce metal availability in situ. For the yard soils, all amendments reduced bioaccessible (assessed with a physiologic-based extraction method) Pb, with reductions ranging from 35% (BS+Al, DAP 0.5%, DAP+Compost+Al) to 57% (Compost+Al). Plant Zn (Cynadon dactylon L.) and NH4 NO3-extractable Cd and Zn were also reduced by a number of amendments. For the tailings, all amendments excluding BS reduced bioaccessible Pb, with the largest reductions observed in the DAP 3% and DAP3%+BS treatments (75 and 84%). Plant growth was suppressed in all treatments that contained DAP for the first season, with the highest growth in the treatments that included compost and biosolids. In the second year, growth was vigorous for all treatments. Plant Zn and Cd and extractable metal concentration were also reduced. A number of treatments were identified that reduced bioaccessible Pb and sustained a healthy plant with reduced metal concentrations. For the yard soil, Compost+Al was the most effective treatment tested. For the tailings, BS+DAP 1% was the most effective treatment tested. These results indicate that in situ amendments offer a remedial alternative for the Tar Creek site.     

木贼定居对铅锌尾矿砂微生物多样性及重金属迁移转化的影响

为研究根际微生物影响木贼耐受和吸附重金属的机制,为重金属污染植物-微生物协同修复提供参考,应用化学分析方法和Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术,对木贼定居对铅锌尾矿重金属含量、土壤微生物多样性的影响进行研究.结果表明,子囊菌、未明确分类真菌和担子菌是铅锌尾矿地土壤的优势真菌.木贼定居导致散囊菌纲、座囊菌纲丰度下...