三元乙丙橡胶活性胶粉研制

与再生胶的生产相比,胶粉生产流程简化,对环境友好。通过自行设计的粉碎设备生产出三元乙丙橡胶胶粉,并在生产过程中对胶粉进行活化改性处理,得到粒径60目以上,绒球状,比表面积达0.41 m2/g的活性胶粉。将该胶粉掺杂到相应的混炼胶中,当掺杂比例达到30%时,制品仍能保持较好性能。     

再生聚丙烯增韧改性研究

对回收聚丙烯(RPP)进行增韧改性,制备回收聚丙烯/回收胶粉(RPP/WRP)和回收聚丙烯/热塑性弹性体POE(RPP/POE)共混材料,研究两种共混材料的韧性、力学、热、流变性能和形态.结果表明,RPP/WRP改性体系有较好的韧性和耐热性,较高的硬度,属于假塑性流体,回收胶粉可以部分替代POE作为某些制品的增韧剂.     

ABS-g-GMA对超细活性废胶粉改性沥青性能的影响

采用废胶粉为改性能,分别制备了超细活性废胶粉改性沥青(UACRMA)和普通废胶粉改性沥青(CRMA),分别利用傅立叶红外光谱仪、光学显微镜和旋转流变仪研究体系的微观结构和流变特性,探讨了甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯接枝丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯三元共聚物(ABS-g-GMA)对UACRMA和CRMA的增容作用效果。结果表明,ABS-g-GMA可以有效提高胶粉在沥青基质中的分散性,抑制体系中胶粉发生团聚,增加胶粉颗粒与沥青基质界面间的作用力,对体系具有明显的增容效果。当ABS-g-GMA的添加量为3份时,能够获得综合性能优异的UACRMA。同时,该体系的复数粘度低于ABS-g-GMA改性CRMA体系,便于施工应用。     

聚吡咯改性废菌渣活性炭的制备及其吸附水中SO42-性能

采用ZnCl2活化废菌渣(MR)制备了废菌渣活性炭(MRAC),再采用聚吡咯(Ppy)改性MRAC制备复合材料Ppy-MRAC.以水中SO42-的吸附量为优化指标,分别用单因素实验和响应面法优化制备和改性条件,并对优化条件下制备的MRAC和Ppy-MRAC进行了SEM、EDS和FTIR分析表征.MRAC最佳制备条件为浸...     

专利资讯

专利名称：一种废旧轮胎胶粉/聚乙烯共混物的制备方法专利申请号：CN201010550838.X公开号：CN102093609A申请日：2010.11.19公开日：2011.06.15申请人：四川大学本发明公开了一种废旧轮胎胶粉/聚乙烯共混物的制备方法,其特点是采用臭氧处理的方法,在废橡胶微粉表面引入活性基团;采用γ-射线或电子束辐照在聚乙烯分子链上引入含氧极性基团。     

纳米SiO_2及PVP-g-SiO_2对PVC/PPSU共混超滤膜性能的影响

分别将纳米SiO_2及其改性物纳米聚乙烯吡咯烷酮接枝SiO_2(PVP-g-SiO_2)作为添加剂对聚氯乙烯(PVC)/聚苯砜(PPSU)共混超滤膜进行亲水化改性,并对其改性效果进行了对比研究。实验结果表明:添加纳米SiO_2使PVC/PPSU共混膜的纯水通量大幅增加,而添加纳米PVP-g-SiO_2质量分数达3%以上时纯水通量也增加;添加纳米SiO_2及PVP-g-SiO_2使PVC/PPSU共混膜的截留率、亲水性、耐污染性能及废水通量均得到较大程度的提高;与纳米SiO_2相比,纳米PVP-g-SiO_2对PVC/PPSU共混膜的亲水化改性效果更好。     

利用铅锌尾矿和CRT玻璃固体废弃物协同制备微晶玻璃工艺

以铅锌尾矿和CRT玻璃固体废弃物为主要原料,采用烧结法制备微晶玻璃材料.为确定基础玻璃的成分,以及尾矿、CRT玻璃及各化工原料的用料比例,设计了正交实验;研究了CaO,Al2O3,MgO等氧化物添加量对微晶玻璃结构及性能的影响规律.通过差热分析（DTA）、X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）等分析方法,考察了微晶玻璃产品的晶相、晶体形貌特征及性能.结果表明：利用铅锌尾矿、CRT玻璃废弃物制备微晶玻璃的最佳配方为：尾矿20％、CRT玻璃30％、添加辅料石英砂29.7％、方解石25％、Al2O3 12％、晶核剂TiO2 1％.SEM和XRD分析可知,微晶玻璃的主晶相为透辉石;打磨抛光处理后,平均显微硬度为8.76 GPa,平均抗折强度为223.1MPa;经酸、碱浸蚀后,质量变化分别为0.43％和0.58％,耐酸碱腐蚀性良好.     

废混凝土骨料对GRC性能影响研究

针对废混凝土排放量巨大、再利用程度低以及GRC长期性能下降的问题,采用50℃热水加速老化的试验方法,研究了废混凝土取代天然砂、粉煤灰和硅灰对GRC性能的影响。结果表明,废混凝土骨料取代率为30%时,可提高GRC的抗折强度,同时还可以减缓GRC抗折强度下降的速度;粉煤灰取代率30%时,对GRC早期抗折强度不利,但可提高其后期强度,同时可较大程度地减缓GRC抗折强度下降的速度;粉煤灰取代率30%,同时废混凝土骨料取代率30%时,对GRC抗折强度及抗折强度下降速度的影响较粉煤灰单独使用时效果要好;粉煤灰与硅灰同时分别以20%及10%取代水泥时,对GRC抗折强度有较大的提高作用,同时也可减缓GRC抗折强度下降的速度;粉煤灰取代率20%、硅灰取代率10%、废混凝土骨料取代率30%时,对GRC抗折强度的提高作用最大,对GRC抗折强度下降的延缓作用较废混凝土骨料单独使用或粉煤灰与硅灰同时使用时要大。     

废陶瓷的表面改性及其吸附性能

以十八烷基三甲氧基硅烷为改性剂,对废陶瓷进行表面改性,使改性后的废陶瓷粒具有疏水性表而.考察了改性废陶瓷粒对工业废水的有机物去除作用以及对染料废水的脱色作用.实验结果表明,在改性废陶瓷粒径为1 -4 mm、改性废陶瓷加入量为500 g/L、吸附时间为30 min的条件下,造纸废水的COD去除率可达42％,亚甲基蓝溶液的...     

改性TiO2电极光电催化降解甲基橙

采用热分解法制备了掺杂Sn、Ru的改性TiO2光电极,研究了不同催化方式、溶液pH和外加偏压条件下改性TiO2光电极对甲基橙降解效果的影响。实验结果表明,当溶液pH为1.0、外加偏压0.7 V、反应时间120 min时,甲基橙降解率可达到92.5%。结合XRD、SEM和电化学阻抗等分析手段对TiO2光电极表面形貌及其催化机理进行了探讨。     

阴极射线管锥玻璃碱性浸出渣制备泡沫玻璃

以废弃的阴极射线管锥玻璃碱性浸出渣及屏玻璃混合粉末为原料烧制泡沫玻璃。考察了发泡温度、屏玻璃加入量、发泡剂种类、发泡剂加入量、稳泡剂添加量对所制备的泡沫玻璃密度及抗压强度的影响。实验结果表明：在发泡温度800 ℃、屏玻璃加入量50%（w）、稳泡剂硼酸加入量5%（以锥玻璃碱性浸出渣及屏玻璃粉末总质量为基准,下同）、发泡剂SiC加入量15%最佳条件下烧制的泡沫玻璃密度达417 kg/m³,抗压强度达1.09 MPa,可满足建筑用泡沫玻璃的Ⅳ型物理性能指标。本实验烧制的泡沫玻璃的Pb浸出量为1.27 mg/L,Ba浸出量为0.06 mg/L,均满足固体废物的浸出毒性标准。     

A Solvent-Free Approach for Production of Films from Pectin and Fungal Biomass

Self-binding ability of the pectin molecules was used to produce pectin films using the compression molding technique, as an alternative method to the high energy-demanding and solvent-using casting technique. Moreover, incorporation of fungal biomass and its effects on the properties of the films was studied. Pectin powder plasticized with 30% glycerol was subjected to heat compression molding (120 °C, 1.33 MPa, 10 min) yielding pectin films with tensile strength and elongation at break of 15.7 MPa and 5.5%, respectively. The filamentous fungus Rhizopus oryzae was cultivated using the water-soluble nutrients obtained from citrus waste and yielded a biomass containing 31% proteins and 20% lipids. Comparatively, the same strain was cultivated in a semi-synthetic medium resulting in a biomass with higher protein (60%) and lower lipid content (10%). SEM images showed addition of biomass yielded films with less debris compared to the pectin films. Incorporation of the low protein content biomass up to 15% did not significantly reduce the mechanical strength of the pectin films. In contrast, addition of protein-rich biomass (up to 20%) enhanced the tensile strength of the films (16.1–19.3 MPa). Lastly, the fungal biomass reduced the water vapor permeability of the pectin films.     

废旧橡胶胶粉低温粉碎技术研究进展及趋势

介绍了国内外废旧橡胶低温粉碎技术(液氮冷冻粉碎法、空气膨胀制冷法)的研究进展,指出其在我国应用缺乏经济可行性。将液化天然气(LNG)冷能直接用于废旧橡胶低温粉碎可有效降低生产成本,应用前景广阔,是我国未来精细和微细胶粉生产领域的重要研究内容和发展方向之一。     

Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide Modified Kaolin as a Reinforcing Filler for Natural Rubber

Cure characteristics, Mooney viscosity and physico-mechanical properties of natural rubber (NR) containing CTAB modified kaolin have been studied. NR mix containing 6 phr (parts per hundred part rubber) of CTAB modified kaolin showed significant increases in cure rate and state of cure as compared to gum NR compound and a mix containing the same amount of unmodified kaolin. Lower Mooney viscosity of the NR mix containing CTAB modified kaolin suggested improved processability. Reinforcing effect of CTAB modified kaolin in NR was evident from higher chemical crosslink density index, tensile modulus, hardness, tensile strength and tear strength. Besides, the NR vulcanizate containing 6 phr of CTAB modified kaolin showed lower abrasion loss and heat build-up which could be beneficial for applications such as tire treads.     

Utilization of limestone dust waste as filler in natural rubber

The possibility of using limestone dust waste (LDW) as a filler in natural rubber (NR) was investigated. First, the basic properties of LDW were characterized; LDW was then incorporated into NR and the compound properties were determined. Comparison of the reinforcing effect of LDW and other commercial fillers such as light-precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) and nanoprecipitated calcium carbonate (NPCC) was made. The results revealed that even though the addition of LDW has little effect on compound processability, it has a negative effect on most mechanical properties, e.g., tensile strength, tear strength, and abrasion resistance, of the vulcanizate. Among the three fillers, the degree of reinforcement could be placed in the following order: NPCC > PCC > LDW. Due to their relatively low specific surface area and thus low reinforcement ability, both LDW and PCC can be grouped as nonreinforcing fillers, whereas NPCC, the specific surface area of which is relatively high, could be grouped as a semi-reinforcing filler for rubber.     

我国废橡胶粉用于沥青改性的研究及应用

从道路建设与防水卷材制造两方面,描述了我国废橡胶粉在沥青改性用途中的研究及应用现状。大量国内试验及应用实例表明,与普通石油沥青相比,胶粉改性沥青的针入度、延度、软化点、温度敏感性、稳定性和抗老化性等性能均得到了改善。此外,较之其他种类的沥青改性剂,废橡胶粉成本低,具有环保与资源节约的优点,对我国循环经济的发展具有重要意义。     

Possible use of sludge ash as filler in natural rubber

Potential use of sludge ash as a filler in NR was studied. In this study, two grades of sludge ash namely SA-300 and SA-700 were prepared by sintering sludge waste obtained from concentrated natural rubber (NR) latex production at 300 and 700 °C, respectively. Properties of NR filled with various contents of SA-300 and SA-700 were then investigated and compared with those of NR filled with precipitated calcium carbonate (CaCO₃). The results reveal that, regardless of the filler type, both scorch time (t _s1) and optimum cure time (t _c90) decrease whereas hardness and modulus increase with increasing filler loading. At a given loading, both SA-300 and SA-700 give shorter scorch time and cure time with higher hardness and modulus than CaCO₃. Due to their higher specific surface area and greater cure activation efficiency, SA-300 and SA-700 provide better reinforcement, i.e., greater tensile strength; tear strength and abrasion resistance than CaCO₃. Taken as a whole, it could be said that the two grades of sludge ash could be utilized as rubber fillers with economic advantage.     

Effect of Poly(Vinyl Acetate) on Mechanical Properties and Characteristics of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Natural Rubber Blends

Natural rubber grafted with poly(vinyl acetate) copolymer (NR-g-PVAc) was synthesized by emulsion polymerization. Three graft copolymers were prepared with different PVAc contents: 1 % (G1), 5 % (G5) and 12 % (G12). Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was melt blended with natural rubber (NR) and/or NR-g-PVAc in a twin screw extruder. The blends contained 10–20 wt% rubber. The notched Izod impact strength and tensile properties were determined from the compression molded specimens. The effect of NR mastication on the mechanical properties of the PLA/NR/NR-g-PVAc blend was evaluated. Characterization by DMTA and DSC showed an enhancement in miscibility of the PLA/NR-g-PVAc blend. The temperature of the maximum tan δ of the PLA decreased with increasing PVAc content in the graft copolymer, i.e., from 71 °C (pure PLA) to 63 °C (the blend containing 10 % G12). The increase in miscibility brought about a reduction in the rubber particle diameter. These changes were attributed to the enhancement of toughness and ductility of PLA after blending with NR-g-PVAc. Therefore, NR-g-PVAc could be used as a toughening agent of PLA and as a compatibilizer of the PLA/NR blend. NR mastication was an efficient method for increasing the toughness and ductility of the blends which depended on the blend composition and the number of mastications.     

Effect of microsilica addition on compressive strength of rubberized concrete at elevated temperatures

An experimental investigation was carried out to study the effects of various percentages of fine/coarse tire waste and microsilica at various temperatures on the compressive strength of concrete. The compressive strength of concrete mixtures made with tire rubber was assessed statistically with those of concrete containing microsilica and conventional concretes in order to evaluate the usefulness of recycling rubber waste as a component of concrete. Results confirmed that the recipe and processing temperature of concrete cubes influence the compressive strength values. Generally, the use of microsilica or fine rubber mixed with microsilica as aggregate replacement of 5% by volume improved the compressive strength of concrete processed at a temperature of 150°C. The addition of coarse rubber did not achieve any increase in strength when used as an aggregate replacement at any percentage. Moreover, the reductions in the compressive strength of concrete mixes at higher temperatures were much smaller for the fine rubber with 5 vol% microsilica than those for control and coarse rubber mixes. The specimens made with fine rubber and 5 vol% microsilica at elevated temperatures above 400°C appeared to show very similar compressive strength values. The use of fine rubber in building construction could help save energy and reduce costs and solve the solid waste disposal problem posed by this type of waste.     

A Biobased Blend of Cellulose Diacetate with Starch

Two bio-based polymers, cellulose diacetate (CDA) and starch, were used to prepare blends with reasonable properties and low cost. Due to the poor processing properties, starch was modified in the presence of glycerol and epoxidized soybean oil (ESO), and CDA was plasticized by triacetin (TA) and ESO, respectively. The morphologies of the blends with different amounts of modified starch (MST) were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the physical properties of the blends, including thermal stability, mechanical property, water and moisture resistance, were investigated. The equilibrium moisture absorption rates of the blends containing 30 and 50 wt% MST at 100 % of relative humidity(RH) were 9.4 and 15.0 %, respectively. SEM and DMA results demonstrated that CDA and MST had a certain extent of compatibility. Due to the partial plasticization of starch, the tensile strength of the blends was nearly not affected by the amount of MST. Even if 50 wt% MST was added, the tensile strength of the blend was as high as 24.7 MPa. The obtained blend containing 30 wt% MST can keep good mechanical properties at 50 % RH, and its tensile strength and elongation at break are 30.2 MPa and 3.6 %, respectively. All the results show that the CDA/MST blends have a potential as an environmental friendly material.