印染行业两种废碱液回收和利用方法

印染企业是用碱大户．产生的含碱废水污染负荷高，治理难度尢我们介绍2种简易废碱回用方法；把清洁化生产技术引入到生产过程中，减少废碱液排入环境的总量，既提高了经济效益，又能降低污染程度。     

聚合硅酸硫酸铝处理印染废水的正交试验研究

用聚合硅酸硫酸铝(PASS)作为絮凝剂对印染废水进行处理，采用正交试验设计法研究各种因素对色度去除率的影响．选定L16(4^3)的正交实验表，确定出其最佳操作条件pH值为8．04，投加量为25mL(其浓度为10^-5mol／L)，絮凝剂中硅铝比1：1，色度去除率达80％以上，其中pH值对处理效果的影响最为显著，是主要因素。     

MBR在印染前处理废水中的应用研究

选用MBR工艺,通过单因素实验控制,考察了MI,SS、HRT、Nv、DO及反应温度T等因素对印染前处理废水COD去除率的影响,初步优化了MBR工艺的运行参数。对印染前处理废水COD：4000-7000mg·L^-1的水质样例,在MLSS20g·L^-1、HRT24h、Nv2．0KgCOD·m^-3·d^-1、DO2．5mg·L^-1及T27℃条件下,MBR系统COD去除率稳定在85％以上,出水COD保持在1000mg·L^-1以下。实验表明,针对印染前处理废水COD含量高且波动大的情况,MBR是一种高效、快捷的处理工艺。     

粉煤灰吸附净化含铅废水实验研究

以粉煤灰为吸附材料,模拟含铅离子废水,探讨吸附时间、p H值、温度、投灰量、离子浓度5个因素对粉煤灰吸附重金属效率的影响;并设计五因素四水平的正交实验,经过均值分析和方差分析数据得出最佳水平组,结果表明:当离子质量浓度60 mg/L、吸附时间90 min、投灰量5.0 g、p H值6.0、温度20℃时吸附效果最好。单因素分析得出,当吸附时间90 min、p H值6.0、温度50℃、投灰量5.0 g、离子质量浓度30 mg/L时吸附效果相对较好,单因素方差分析也证明以上5种因子对粉煤灰吸附铅离子具有显著性差异。     

混凝脱色-CASS技术处理绒线印染废水工程应用

用混凝脱色-CASS技术处理绒线印染废水，有效地解决了废水的脱色和COD的去除问题，处理后的水质达到了纺织染整工业污水排放标准，该技术的应用，取得了较好的环境、社会和经济效益。     

对染料废水脱色处理的研究

研究以物化处理工艺中的混凝法来处理印染废水,即用高效脱色剂与聚合氯化铝(PAC)和助凝剂聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)混凝来处理,从而考察了PAC的用量、废水的酸碱度和脱色剂的加入量对废水脱色效果的影响,从而得出最佳实验条件.结果表明:在500 mL废水中,当废水酸碱度在7.5~8.5之间,PAC的用量在1.0~1.75 mL之间,高效脱色剂的用量在1.0~1.5 mL之间时,废水脱色效果最好.     

印染废水硫化物测定方法的改进

印染业所用染料和柔软剂种类较多,污染物成分复杂,工艺不尽相同,所排废水有机物含量高、色度深、浑浊度高、干扰因素多.在测定废水中硫化物时,常规方法是加Zn(Ac)2沉淀,然后是过滤、洗涤、酸化、吹气分离,但这些预处理不能完全消除某些物质的干扰,为此对测定方法作些改进.     

印染废水污染对劳动河水生生态系统的影响

根据浮游藻类、浮游动物、底栖动物、水生维管束植物、鱼类几项生物学指标的定性和定量监测结果,评价印染废水污染对劳动河水生生态系统的影响程度,并反映水质污染状况。     

纺织印染废水的处理技术

印染废水的色度大，有机物含量高，可生化性差．针对上述特点，采用了厌氧水解酸化一生物接触氧化、气浮等工艺处理印染废水．结果表明，该工艺对印染废水有很好的处理效果，最终出水基本达到无色，达到纺织染整工业水污染物排放一级标准（GB4287-1992），处理成本较低．     

紫外-可见分光光度法用于染料废水絮凝脱色效果测定的研究

染料废水絮凝处理后的脱色率是检验絮凝剂絮凝效果的重要指标。文章通过测定废水絮凝处理前后吸光度值的变化 ,从而精确计算出脱色率 ,可避免传统目视比色法带来的人为误差。采用分光光度法测定染料废水絮凝脱色率 ,方法简单、易掌握     

Growth and biochemical parameters of Cicer arietinum L. grown on amended fly ash

Growth and metal accumulation were investigated in two Cicer arietinum L. varieties (var. CSG-8962 and var. C-235) when grown in various combinations of fly ash (FA) amended with garden soil (GS), press mud (PM) or saw dust (SD). In addition, the levels of photosynthetic pigments, nitrate reductase (NR) activity, cysteine, non-protein thiols (NP-SH), and ascorbic acid were studied. FA amended with GS or PM led to a 5–10 times increase in biomass compared to FA control and was most pronounced in the less metal tolerant variety CSG-8962. Amendment of FA with either GS or PM only moderately increased the contents of some essential metals whereas the non-essential Cd and Cr remained similar or decreased slightly compared to FA control. FA combined with either GS or PM increased the amount of photosynthetic pigments and was largely absent when SD was added to FA. Improved nitrogen availability led to increased nitrate reductase (NR) activity with all amendments but less so with SD. Metal stress indicating parameters were generally reduced (cysteine and non-protein thiols) or unchanged (ascorbic acid). In conclusion, of the tested ameliorants both GS and PM greatly improved growth of C. arietinum making FA a suitable component of plant growth substrates.     

Effects of leachant temperature and pH on leachability of metals from fly ash. A case study: Can thermal power plant, province of Canakkale, Turkey

Lignite powered electric generation plants result in increasing environmental problems associated with gaseous emissions and the disposal of ash residues. Especially, low quality coals with high ash content cause enormous quantities of both gaseous and solid fly ash emissions. The main problem is related to the disposal of fly ash, which, in many cases, contains heavy metals. It is known that toxic trace metals may leach when fly ash is in contact with water. In this study, fly ash samples obtained from the thermal power plant in the town of Can in Turkey were investigated for leachability of metals under different acidic and temperature conditions. The experimental results show that a decrease in pH of the leachant favors the extraction of metal ions from fly ash. A significant increase in the extraction of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, zinc, lead, mercury, and selenium ions from the ash is attributed to the instability of the mineral phases. These heavy metals concentrations increase with respect to increasing acidic conditions and temperature. Peak concentrations, in general, were found at around 30°C.     

Bioaccumulation and translocation of metals in the natural vegetation growing on fly ash lagoons: a field study from Santaldih thermal power plant, West Bengal, India

A field study was conducted in the fly ash lagoons of Santandih Thermal Power Plant located in West Bengal (India) to find out total, EDTA and DTPA extractable metals in fly ash and their bioaccumulation in root and shoot portion of the naturally growing vegetation. Fly ash sample has alkaline pH and low conductivity. The concentration of total Cu, Zn, Pb and Ni were found higher than weathered fly ash and natural soil, where as Co, Cd and Cr were found traces. Five dominant vegetation namely, Typha latifolia, Fimbristylis dichotoma, Amaranthus defluxes, Saccharum spontaenum and Cynodon dactylon were collected in the winter months (November–December). Bioaccumulation of metals in root and shoot portions were found varied significantly among the species, but all concentration were found within toxic limits. Correlation between total, DTPA and EDTA extractable metals viz. root and shoot metals concentration were studied. Translocation factor (TF) for Cu, Zn and Ni were found less than unity, indicates that these metals are immobilized in the root part of the plants. Metals like Mn have TF greater than unity. The study infers that natural vegetation removed Mn by phytoextraction mechanisms (TF > 1), while other metals like Zn, Cu, Pb and Ni were removed by rhizofiltration mechanisms (TF < 1). The field study revealed that T. latifolia and S. spontaenum plants could be used for bioremediation of fly ash lagoon.     

污灌土壤中氨氮转化及其转化速率研究

本文对污灌土壤中的氨氮转化及其转化速率进行了模拟实验研究．结果表明,随污灌进入土壤中的氨氮迅速转化为硝酸盐氮和气态氮。其转化速率的影响因素主要是气温、土壤ｐＨ值和土壤通气条件。例如在气温１９～３５℃、土壤ｐＨ值８．２～８．６和土壤通气良好的条件下,氨氮在３天内转化８０％;１４天内转化９８％。     

关于废水监测断面及采样点位选择的探讨

通过对不同采样点位的监测数据统计分析,以求找到最优采样点位。     

水和废水中酞酸酯类化合物气相色谱分析方法研究

本文采用定容萃取气相色谱法测定水和废水中酞酸酯类化合物,对不同的色谱柱、检测器、萃取溶剂、盐浓度和干扰等因素进行比较。本方法简便、准确,本方法检出限为１０～６０ｍｇ／Ｌ,相对标准偏差小于５６％,线性范围：ＧＣＥＣＤ为１０１０００μｇ／Ｌ,ＧＣＦＩＤ为１０μｇ／Ｌ１０ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

石油化工工业区区域废水中COD_（Cr）和COD_（Mn）的相关性研究

连续同时监测天津市大港石化发展规划区区域废水中的ＣＯＤＣｒ和ＣＯＤＭｎ,并考查其线性相关性后得出ＣＯＤＣｒ＝４．９６ＣＯＤＭｎ＋１１６．３,相关系数为０．７５０。该回归方程适用于类似石油化工工业区区域废水中ＣＯＤＣｒ和ＣＯＤＭｎ间的换算     

废水处理设施竣工验收监测需注意的几个问题

就废水处理设施竣工验收监测中存在的问题,提出几点看法和建议,这将有助于设计单位的设计,企业的运行管理和环保部门的监测.     

稀释倍数法的误差分析和色度检测仪的开发

稀释倍数法是目前废水色度检测中常用的方法,文章对该方法存在的误差进行了分析,并设计了一种新型色度检测仪,可以大大降低色度测定的误差,同时简化了操作过程。