Al_2O_3光催化降解染料性能研究

液相加热法制备了Al2O3作为光催化剂,研究了不同光源、光照时间、催化剂用量和溶液酸度等条件对常见有机染料光催化降解性能影响。结果表明,用太阳光作为光源照射3h,50mL染料溶液中加入Al2O3 30mg,溶液pH8～10,孔雀石绿,酚藏花红,甲基紫等染料脱色率达93%以上。将使用过的Al2O3经过简单处理,孔雀石绿溶液脱色率仍达到94.1%,催化性能稳定,可以重复利用。通过紫外可见光谱分析,表明染料分子在催化剂和光照条件下发生了降解。     

磁场协同Ca2O2/Fe2+处理活性红染料废水的实验研究

利用磁场协同Ca2O2/Fe2 催化氧化体系处理活性红染料废水,研究不同磁化时间、磁场强度和催化氧化各种影响因素下对活性红染料模拟废水的去除率.结果表明:在pH值为3,C(FeSO4·7H2O)=50 mg,C(Ca2O2)=1.45g条件下,反应20min,去除率达62.5%.外加磁场磁场强度为427.8 mT的作用下,磁化反应20 min,CODCr的去除率提高了8.3%.     

载银TiO_2可见光降解活性蓝染料废水研究

以溶胶-凝胶法制备了Ag/TiO2纳米催化剂,以日光色镝灯为光源,研究了活性蓝M-2GE模拟染料废水的可见光降解,考察了不同条件对可见光降解的影响。实验结果表明,该方法制备的TiO2、Ag/TiO2催化剂粒径约20～30nm,主要以锐钛矿相存在;光催化反应的最佳条件为:催化剂载Ag量2%,投加量为2g/L,pH值在2～6;在最佳的反应条件下,活性蓝的脱色率达98%,TOC去除率达70%;在实验的浓度范围内,服从一级反应动力学,随着染料溶液浓度的增大,表观速率常数不断降低。     

制备及反应条件对Pt/Al2O3蜂窝状催化剂性能的影响

采用多次涂层 浸渍法制备了蜂窝状Pt Al2 O3 催化剂 .并对焙烧温度和焙烧时间等不同制备条件和反应温度、O2 浓度和空速等不同反应条件下NOx 的选择性催化还原性能进行了研究 .实验表明 ,蜂窝状Pt Al2 O3 催化剂上NOx 转化率在反应温度为 30 0℃左右时出现最高值 .而随反应温度的升高 ,达到最高转化率所需的O2 浓度不断减小 ,分别为 8% ,6 %和 4 % .这可能是由于在高温下O2 会与NO发生竞争吸附 ,从而阻碍了NO催化还原反应的进行 ;同时随着空速的依次增加 ,催化剂的活性逐渐下降 ,催化剂活性曲线的峰值依次向高温方向移动 .实验还说明 ,在过高的焙烧温度和较长的焙烧时间的制备条件下 ,蜂窝状Pt Al2 O3 的催化性能明显下降 .这是因为高的焙烧温度和较长的焙烧时间能够导致蜂窝状Pt Al2 O3 催化剂的表面发生烧结现象 ,使得催化剂的比表面减小 ,从而导致活性降低 .     

磁芬顿处理酸性黑10B模拟废水的实验研究

研究不同磁化时间、磁场强度和催化氧化各种影响因素下芬顿试剂对酸性黑10B染料模拟废水的去除率。结果表明:对于100mL酸性黑10B染料模拟废水,在pH=3,FeSO4.7H2O=500mg,H2O2=0.4mL条件下,反应20min,COD去除率达90.3%。外加磁场磁场强度为427.8mT的作用下,磁化反应20min,COD的去除率提高了3.7%。     

极性溶剂中ZrO_2催化裂解聚乙烯反应

文章研究了ZrO2催化裂解废旧聚乙烯反应。探讨了影响聚乙烯催化裂解的因素,如反应时间、溶剂种类、催化剂用量等。主要考察了不同条件下制备的ZrO2催化剂催化性能的差异。采用共沉淀法制备催化剂。采用激光粒度分析,XRD等手段对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明:ZrO2在催化裂解废旧聚乙烯反应中具有催化活性,反应浓度、焙烧温度对ZrO2催化剂的催化活性有明显的影响。锆盐溶液浓度在0.05mol/L、焙烧温度400℃得到的ZrO2催化剂活性最高,其裂解率达46.16%。     

FeY催化剂光助Fenton法降解亚甲基蓝染料废水

文章以NaY分子筛为载体,通过离子交换法制备FeY催化剂,并对其在非均相光-Fenton体系中催化降解亚甲基蓝染料废水进行了研究,考察其催化降解性能、重复性和再生性。结果表明,在反应温度为25℃、FeY催化剂投加量为1 g/L、H2O2浓度为4 mmol/L、pH为4、UV光照射60 min时,非均相体系对染料废水的脱色率和COD去除率分别达到97%和84%。通过比较发现,相对于黑暗条件,太阳光和UV光都能显著提高降解效率,并且两种光源效果相当。FeY催化剂比均相催化剂具有更高的催化活性,并且脱附率低,重复性较好,经500℃焙烧2 h的再生催化剂对染料废水的脱色率和COD去除率均可达原来的90%以上。     

掺钒TiO_2薄膜光催化降解甲醛的影响因素研究

以毛玻璃片为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备掺钒TiO2薄膜。用X射线衍射(XRD)对钒掺杂TiO2与未掺杂TiO2进行表征。考察不同反应条件及制备条件下TiO2薄膜在可见光下对甲醛的催化活性的影响,并对TiO2薄膜光催化降解甲醛的反应动力学进行研究。结果表明,掺钒1%,煅烧温度700℃,煅烧3 h制得的TiO2薄膜,在通氧情况下0.8 g/毛玻璃片负载量对碱性甲醛溶液的催化活性较好,并且甲醛的降解反应能够较好地符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood一级动力学规律。     

漆酶催化复合染料酸性黑ATT脱色的研究

利用白腐菌Ganoderma lucidum wz-32发酵制备的漆酶对印染工业常用的复合染料酸性黑ATT进行催化脱色.在单因子试验的基础上,通过正交优化试验确定酸性黑ATT的最佳脱色条件为:温度50℃,染料浓度0.1 g·L-1,酶量9 U·mL-1,pH 5.0,最适条件下酸性黑ATT的脱色率达87.35%.同时研究了金属离子、酶抑制剂、脱色助剂对酸性黑ATT脱色的影响,结果表明,Co2+、Fe2+、Mn2+、Ca2+、I-对脱色有抑制作用,10mmol·L-1的浓度使脱色率降低了50%以上;Na+、Cu2+在低浓度时对脱色有一定的促进作用;SDS显著抑制漆酶的催化脱色作用,浓度为10mmol·L-1时脱色率降低了68%;HBT是高效的脱色助剂,可显著提高漆酶的脱色效率.     

臭氧/钛酸铋系化合物催化氧化降解橙黄Ⅳ的初步研究

采用化学溶液分解法制备了钛酸铋系化合物,并研究了其催化臭氧化降解橙IV(C18H14KN3O35)溶液的性能.结果表明,在Bi/Ti摩尔比12:1、热处理温度550℃条件下制备的催化剂性能最优,其COD去除率达40.3%,比单独臭氧作用(20.3%)提高了1倍,并明显优于TiO2和Bi2O3的催化效果(分别为28.9%和21.4%).同时,考察了催化剂投量、橙IV初始浓度、臭氧投量、pH值、重复使用等反应条件对催化剂性能的影响.初步推断,此催化臭氧化反应为非羟基自由基的含氧自由基作用机理.     

Effects of free iron oxyhydrates and soil organic matter on copper sorption-desorption behavior by size fractions of aggregates from two paddy soils

Effects of free iron oxyhydrates (Fed) and soil organic matter (SOM) on copper (Cu2+) sorption-desorption behavior by size fractions of aggregates from two typical paddy soils (Ferric-Accumulic Stagnic Anthrosol (Soil H) and Gleyic Stagnic Anthrosol (Soil W)) were investigated with and without treatment of dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate and of H2O2. The size fractions of aggregates were obtained from the undisturbed bulk topsoil using a low energy ultrasonic dispersion procedure. Experiments of equilibrium sorption and subsequent desorption were conducted at soil water ratio of 1:20, 25℃. For Soil H, Cu2+ sorption capacity of the DCB-treated size fractions was decreased by 5.9% for fine sand fraction, by 40.4% for coarse sand fraction, in comparison to 2.9% for the bulk sample. However, Cu2+ sorption capacities of the H2O2-treated fractions were decreased by over 80% for the coarse sand fraction and by 15% for the clay-sized fraction in comparison to 88% for bulk soil. For Soil W, Cu2+ sorption capacity of the DCB-treated size fraction was decreased by 30% for the coarse sand fraction and by over 75% for silt sand fraction in comparison to 44.5% for the bulk sample. Cu2+ sorption capacities of the H2O2-treated fractions were decreased by only 2.0% for the coarse sand fraction and by 15% for the fine sand fraction in comparison to by 3.4% for bulk soil. However, Cu2+ desorption rates were increased much in H2O2-treated samples by over 80% except the clay-sized fraction (only 9.5%) for Soil H. While removal of SOM with H2O2 tendend to increase desorption rate, DCB- and H2O2-treatments caused decrease in Cu2+ retention capacity of size fractions. Particularly, there hardly remained Cu2+ retention capacity by size fractions from Soil H after H2O2 treatment except for clay-sized fraction. These findings supported again the dominance of the coarse sand fraction in sorption of metals and the preference of absorbed metals bound to SOM in differently stabilized status among the size fractions. Thus, enrichment and turnover of SOM in paddy soils may have great effects on metal retention and chemical mobility in paddy soils.     

唐山市大气环境治理措施的效果及分析

为揭示河北省唐山市大气环境治理的措施效果,分析了“十一五”期间唐山市的减排措施、污染物排放量和空气污染物浓度的变化. 结果表明:“十一五”期间(2005—2010年),烟尘、工业粉尘、SO₂排放量分别减少35%、57%、20%,ρ(PM₁₀)、ρ(SO₂)、ρ(NO₂)年均值分别下降12%、33%、33%. 与GB 3095—2012《环境空气质量标准》相比,2005年ρ(PM₁₀)、ρ(SO₂)、ρ(NO₂)分别超标36%、42%、7%,而到2010年ρ(SO₂)、ρ(NO₂)已达标,但ρ(PM₁₀)仍然超标20%. 2008年北京奥运会期间的减排措施使得唐山市ρ(PM₁₀)、ρ(SO₂)、ρ(NO₂)年均值均显著下降,分别比2007年下降13%、20%、28%. 2008—2009年的全球经济危机使得2009年地方生产总值增速较其他年均值降低13%,2009年烟尘和SO₂排放量也呈显著下降趋势,二者比2008年分别下降14%和10%,但工业粉尘排放量反而增加8%. 经济危机使ρ(PM₁₀)、ρ(SO₂)、ρ(NO₂)下降速率分别提升了20%、2%、2%. 研究结果表明,“十一五”总量减排、2008年北京奥运会期间的治理措施和全球经济危机对唐山市的空气质量产生了明显的影响.      

外源稀土Ce3+对凤眼莲钙相关光合作用的影响

以造成水体污染的主要水生生物之一的凤眼莲为研究对象,探究外源稀土Ce3+对凤眼莲钙相关光合作用的影响.相比于对照组,营养液中缺钙但添加外源稀土Ce3+的条件下,凤眼莲叶绿素含量减少8.31%、叶绿体荧光产额分别减少6.14%(440nm)和3.82%(480nm)、类囊体膜上Mg2+-ATP酶和Ca2+-ATP酶分别减少1.93%和5.05%,蛋白质含量减少3.94%;但较缺钙的营养液处理组相应指标分别增加了9.89%、15.21%和3.05%、8.08%和10.26%、10.16%.添加Ce3+的营养液处理组的凤眼莲钙相关光合作用指标同样显著提高.结果表明,Ce3+有类似于Ca2+的特性,适量的Ce3+可以补偿替代钙,对植物光合作用有促进效果,增加植物生物量,促进凤眼莲型水生植物的生长,对水体富营养化进程的发展起正催化作用.     

纳米TiO2催化燃烧固硫的实验研究

通过纳米TiO₂催化CaO燃烧后粉煤灰的成分分析和燃烧烟气中SO₂含量的测定确定固硫效果,探讨了纳米TiO₂添加量、Ca/S摩尔比、不同条件制备的纳米TiO₂及燃烧温度对分析纯CaO固硫的影响,比较了纳米TiO₂对不同煤种以及不同钙基固硫剂的固硫效果,并对反应产物进行了X射线衍射和扫描电镜分析.结果表明,纳米TiO₂与CaO共同作用时,纳米TiO₂最佳的添加量为8%;在Ca/S摩尔比为2、燃烧温度为850℃时纳米TiO₂催化分析纯和工业纯CaO固硫效率达87.8%和60.3%,比不添加纳米TiO₂时增加13.4%和29.6%.纳米TiO₂对不同煤种燃烧时CaO固硫有较好地催化作用,能够促进SO₂转化成SO₃的本征反应,同时增加煤灰的孔尺寸,促进二氧化硫的扩散从而提高CaO的固硫效果.     

不同钝化剂对重金属污染土壤稳定化效应的研究

利用腐殖质、硫酸铵、石灰、过磷酸钙及其复配组合对污染土壤中的重金属进行快速钝化处理,根据稳定效率和钝化剂的钝化能力Cap值对钝化材料进行筛选,并采用BCR形态分级实验(European Communities Bureau of Referent,欧共体标准测量与检测局提取法)研究钝化前后土壤中重金属的形态变化.结果表明:1在单一钝化材料实验中,2%石灰稳定效果最好;在复配实验中,以2%腐殖质+2%石灰稳定效果最好,Pb、Cu、Cd、Zn稳定效率分别达98.49%、99.40%、95.86%、99.21%.2钝化能力Cap值顺序:石灰腐殖质+石灰硫酸铵+石灰磷肥硫酸铵+磷肥腐殖质+磷肥腐殖质硫酸铵.3BCR形态分级实验表明,腐殖质+石灰复合钝化剂对重金属的稳定化效应优于单一石灰处理.此外,当2%腐殖质先添加时Cd被活化,使Cd在随后加入的2%石灰处理下更容易转换为了稳定性较高的有机结合态和残渣态.     

Tuning the fill percentage in the hydrothermal synthesis process to increase catalyst performance for ozone decomposition

The performance of Ce-OMS-2 catalysts was improved by tuning the fill percentage in the hydrothermal synthesis process to increase the oxygen vacancy density. The Ce-OMS-2 samples were prepared with different fill percentages by means of a hydrothermal approach (i.e. 80%, 70%, 50% and 30%). Ce-OMS-2 with 80% fill percentage (Ce-OMS-2-80%) showed ozone conversion of 97%, and a lifetime experiment carried out for more than 20?days showed that the activity of the catalyst still remained satisfactorily high (91%). For Ce-OMS-2-80%, Mn ions in the framework as well as K ions in the tunnel sites were replaced by Ce⁴⁺, while for the others only Mn ions were replaced. O₂-TPD and H₂-TPR measurements proved that the Ce-OMS-2-80% catalyst possessed the greatest number of mobile surface oxygen species. XPS and XAFS showed that increasing the fill percentage can reduce the AOS of Mn and augment the amount of oxygen vacancies. The active sites, which accelerate the elimination of O₃, can be enriched by increasing the oxygen vacancies. These findings indicate that increasing ozone removal can be achieved by tuning the fill percentage in the hydrothermal synthesis process.     

接触式污泥干化过程中SO_2吸收率的动态变化

根据接触式污泥干化工艺的实际运行参数,通过模拟试验,研究了污泥在干化过程中对烟气中二氧化硫(SO2)吸收率的动态变化及其影响因素,并对导致吸收率变化的原因进行了理论分析.结果表明,污泥对SO2的吸收率随干化温度的升高和气体流速的增大而减小,含水率为55%和75%的污泥对SO2的吸收率分别从干化温度80℃的16.0%和25.0%降至干化温度160℃的6.0%和7.0%,这是因为干化温度升高和气体流速增大,促使污泥水分加速蒸发,从而影响SO2从气相通过气膜向气液界面传递和扩散的过程,最终导致污泥对SO2吸收率的下降;污泥对SO2的吸收率随SO2浓度的增加没有明显的变化;污泥吸收SO2后,pH值降低表明了污泥吸收SO2发生了酸碱中和反应,污泥红外光谱证明污泥对烟气中SO2的吸收是一个化学吸收过程.     

Au/SnO_2/TiO_2催化氧化CO性能的研究

通过煅烧制备TiO2,用浸渍法负载SnO2,沉积沉淀法负载Au,制备不同SnO2含量的Au/SnO2/TiO2催化剂。采用BET、SEM、XRD等手段对催化剂样品进行表征并考察煅烧温度、SnO2的添加量等对Au/SnO2/TiO2催化剂催化CO氧化活性的影响。结果表明:Au/SnO2/TiO2催化活性比Au/TiO2明显提高;海绵钛在400℃煅烧后负载10%SnO2和1%的Au催化活性较好,在124℃左右能使气体中含量为2.94%的CO基本完全转化。     

Fe-MnOx-CeO2/ZrO2低温催化还原NO性能研究

以纳米ZrO2为载体,用浸渍法制备出Fe-MnOx-CeO2/ZrO2催化剂,考察了活性组分配比和助剂负载量对催化剂低温NH3选择性催化还原NO活性的影响,并对催化剂进行了XRD、SEM、EDS和BET表征;探讨了温度、H2O和SO2对Fe-MnOx-CeO2/ZrO2催化剂低温下NH3选择性催化还原NO的影响,结果表明,无SO2和H2O条件下,8%Fe-10%MnOx-CeO2/ZrO2催化剂具有良好的催化活性和稳定性.120℃时,催化剂的脱硝效率为85.23%,当温度升至180℃时,脱硝效率可达到92.0%.SO2和H2O共存条件下,催化剂易失活,采用傅立叶变换红外光谱对各反应阶段的催化剂进行了表征,对其失活机制进行深入研究,结果表明,催化剂失活的主要原因是催化剂表面硫酸铵盐的沉积和催化剂本身活性成分的硫酸盐化.     

Effect of Sb dopant amount on the structure and electrocatalytic capability of Ti/Sb-SnO2 electrodes in the oxidation of 4-chlorophenol

Ti/Sb-SnO_2 anodes were prepared by thermal decomposition to examine the influence',of the amount of Sb dopant on the structure and electrocatalytic capability of the electrodes in the oxidation of 4-chlorophenol.The physicochemical properties of the Sb-SnO_2 coating were markedly influenced by different amounts of Sb dopant.The electrodes,which contained 5% Sb dopant in the coating, presented a much more homogenous surface and much smaller mud-cracks,compared with Ti/Sb-SnO_2 electrodes containing 10% or 15% Sb dopant,which exibited larger mud cracks and pores on the surface.However,the main microstructure remained unchanged with the addition of the Sb dopant.No new crystal phase was observed by X-ray diffraction(XRD).The electrochemical oxidation of 4-chlorophenol on the Ti/SnO_2 electrode with 5% Sb dopant was inclined to electrochemical combustion;while for those containing more Sb dopant,intermediate species were accumulated.The electrodes with 5% Sb dopant showed the highest efficiency in the bulk electrolysis of 4-chlorophenol at a current density of 20 mA/cm~2 for 180 min;and the removal rates of 4-chlorophenol and COD were 51.0% and 48.9%,respectively.