某油田加油站作业人员职业健康状况分析

从加油站作业人员接触的主要职业病危害因素入手,重点对加油站油气防护设施、个人防护用品、工作制度等进行职业卫生现场调查,同时,根据对作业人员职业性健康检查结果和作业场所空气中汽油及苯的浓度检测结果,分析加油站作业人员的健康状况和长期接触成品汽油对作业人员健康的影响。结果表明,加油站人员作业过程中接触的汽油及苯系物对员工健康可能构成危害,但若加强职业健康监护及个体防护,就能有效预防汽油及苯系物所带来的职业危害。     

长输天然气管道项目噪声对员工听力影响调查

为了掌握职业性噪声对长输管道工程作业人群听力的影响,对某天然气管道工程具有代表性的输气站场的噪声及作业员工听力情况进行调查。结果表明,各输气站场的噪声强度不同,首站输气岗8h等效声级最高99.1dB(A),高于职业接触限值,其余站场输气岗8h等效声级均符合职业接触限值要求。164名接噪员工中有1人需要复查,经复查除外了噪声作业健康损害,目前来看,职业性噪声未对该工程作业员工的听力造成损伤。     

大型水利水电工程移民心理福祉影响因素研究——基于三峡库区调研数据分析

在经历大型水利水电工程外力冲击后,移民心理福祉感知成为进一步影响和谐库区建设的深层次因素。从主观感知视角出发,构建移民多维心理福祉指标体系,运用SEM模型分析移民心理福祉的复杂影响因素。结果表明:①经济水平对心理福祉的影响最显著,其中相对收入水平是影响移民心理福祉的关键因素;②健康水平既对移民心理福祉具有直接影响,也间接通过影响经济水平路径发生作用;③政策条件对移民心理福祉的直接影响不显著,但会通过对居住环境、健康水平和社会保障的显著影响对心理福祉产生间接影响,社会保障对移民心理福祉影响不显著,因此"政策条件—健康水平—心理福祉"和"政策条件—居住环境—心理福祉"成为该维度的主要影响路径。     

某油田集中处理站职业病危害评价

为了解某油田集中处理站生产过程中存在的职业病危害因素及防护设施的效果,采用职业卫生调查和职业病危害因素现场检测相结合的方法进行综合分析与评价。结果表明,集中处理站需要重点防护的职业病危害因素为粉尘(药剂粉尘)、H_2S、NMHC和噪声,除污水压泥机间、注水泵房等场所定点噪声强度较高外,其余职业病危害因素浓度(强度)均符合工作场所有害因素职业接触限值;明确了职业病危害关键控制作业岗位,提出应按照职业病危害严重的建设项目进行职业卫生管理,加强关键控制作业岗位防治措施和职业健康监护工作。     

两种职业健康风险评估方法在输气管道工程的应用

文章以输气管道工程站场为研究对象,应用新加坡化学物职业暴露半定量风险评估方法(以下简称新加坡模型)、罗马尼亚职业事故和职业病风险评估方法(以下简称罗马尼亚模型)对不同岗位进行职业健康风险评估,得出不同岗位职业健康风险,以便根据不同风险采取有效控制措施,最大限度保护劳动者健康。结果表明,两种职业健康风险评估模型均适用于输气管道工程,新加坡模型对化学物风险评估以现场调查和检测浓度为依据,更加符合作业现场的实际情况,评估结果更加细致准确;罗马尼亚模型不仅对不同岗位存在的职业健康风险进行细致评估,还能综合评估工作场所的总体风险水平,有助于提供更有针对性的防护措施。     

基于SE-DEA模型的我国能源上市公司技术效率研究

运用SE-DEA模型和Tobit模型对2009—2014年我国能源上市公司技术效率及其影响因素进行研究。结果表明,我国能源上市公司的总体技术效率值比较低,长期偿债能力、短期偿债能力、盈利能力、营运能力、上市年龄、员工激励水平、员工教育程度、公司规模对其有显著的正的影响;第一股东是国家或国有法人、高管薪酬有显著的负影响;发展能力、独立董事所占比例、无形资产、股权集中度的影响不显著。据此,提出提高技术效率的建议。     

碳标签问题法律探析

中国产品的主要进口国和国际买家已相继推出碳标签认证,中国出口商极可能会受到来自进口国家和地区强制加注碳标签的要求,由此,将引发更多贸易摩擦,从而影响中国贸易的可持续发展。碳标签已成为一种新型环境贸易措施。探讨碳标签在全球的发展状况,分析其法律性质,研究其对中国贸易的影响,提出切实可行的法律建议,对中国经济与环境的健康发展有重大意义。     

苏桥储气库群职业病危害因素分析与防范

文章针对苏桥地下储气库生产运行过程中存在的职业危害因素,利用工程分析、职业病危害因素检测、职业健康检查等方法进行系统的识别、分析,探讨其预防与控制对策,苏桥储气库通过采取自动化、密闭工艺以及防毒、防噪、个体防护用品等一系列防护措施后,职业病危害得到有效控制,保障了劳动者健康。     

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文章针对苏桥地下储气库生产运行过程中存在的职业危害因素,利用工程分析、职业病危害因素检测、职业健康检查等方法进行系统的识别、分析,探讨其预防与控制对策,苏桥储气库通过采取自动化、密闭工艺以及防毒、防噪、个体防护用品等一系列防护措施后,职业病危害得到有效控制,保障了劳动者健康.     

中国居民节水意识和行为的典型区域调查与影响因素分析——以河北省和福建省为例

人类是水资源使用的主体,通过对人的节水意识和行为的影响因素研究,采取有效措施加强人的节水意识和行为,是应对水资源短缺的重要措施之一。构建"认知—意识—情境—行为"的理论框架模型并提出16项假设,认为人的节水意识会受水资源知识、风险感知、个体特征等内部认知因素的影响,同时人的节水意识在转化为节水行为时还会受到群体压力、个体实施成本、资源政策等外部情境因素的影响。针对假设进行问卷设计,并在福建省和河北省两个区域进行调查,运用结构方程模型、独立样本T检验和单因素方差分析等方法进行验证。结果显示,16项假设中有12项假设成立,居民的节水行为会同时受到内部认知因素和外部情境因素的影响。     

职业外照射个人累积剂量管理现状及对策——以四川省为例

职业外照射个人剂量检测是实现辐射防护目的的重要环节之一,为保障广大放射工作人员的健康权益与安全,严防职业性放射性疾病的发生,本文以四川省为例,通过电离辐射防护与辐射源安全标准及职业性外照射个人监测规范方法,提出了在职业外照射工作人员剂量管理工作存在的问题及相应的对策。     

中国石油职业健康问题探讨

通过分析国内外石油企业职业健康管理现状,找出中国石油天然气集团公司(以下简称中国石油)职业健康管理存在的主要问题,并针对这些问题提出加强职业健康管理的建议,以提高中国石油职业健康管理水平,适应中国石油建立综合性国际能源公司的需要。     

Implementation of failure modes and effects analysis in detergent production companies: A case study

Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) is the most important method used by production companies to identify potential risks regarding occupational and health hazards and environmental hazards. This method is also useful in defining preventive actions to reduce the effects of these risks. Detergent production companies continually encounter many occupational and health hazards and environmental hazards, the management and reduction of which requires complex assessment in real‐world applications. This paper presents a framework for application of FMEA for managing and ranking identified risks in detergent production companies. A case study is presented to show the application of an FMEA to investigate the results of its application and the outcomes from the analysis. A risk priority number (RPN) is proposed for each distinct risk. The application of FMEA in the detergent production company resulted in grouping the RPN of the identified risks into four different categories. The main corrective actions, which are determined to reduce the RPNs, are presented in this paper. Improving the RPN of the main risks is observed after executing the corrective actions.     

饮用水水源地健康风险研究和实例分析

本论文以安庆市9个饮用水源地作为健康风险评价对象,选取2005～2008年的部分水质资料,运用健康风险评价模式,结合安庆地区人群状况修正部分参数,对该地区9个水源地经饮水途径造成的健康风险进行计算和评价。结果表明:化学致癌物所致的健康风险远远高出非致癌物,水源地健康风险主要来源于化学致癌物,在所评价的水源地中以铬(六价)的风险值最大,且有8个水源地铬(六价)的风险值均超过国际辐射防护委员会推荐的最大可接受风险水平,最高值出现在花凉亭水库。     

基于农户视角的粮食主产县耕地健康评价与诊断--以湖南省湘阴县为例

耕地健康关乎国家粮食安全。依据PSR理论模型构建耕地健康评价指标体系,利用湖南省岳阳市湘阴县农户调查数据,运用层次分析法、TOPSIS法和障碍度模型评价了该县耕地健康状况并诊断其障碍因子。结果表明:湘阴县耕地健康综合指数为0.488,耕地健康等级为中度亚健康;耕地健康压力指数、状态指数和响应指数依次分别为0.597、0.526和0.418;轮作休耕、种植绿肥、单位播种面积有机肥施用量、粮食单产、耕作层厚度、单位播种面积化肥施用量、灌溉保证率是制约湘阴县耕地健康的主要障碍因子。     

Low priorities for black american leaders: Environmental and occupational health

Summary Black Americans face increased health risks from environmental and occupational exposures when compared with white Americans, but they also face increased risks for more immediate health problems such as HIV infection/AIDS, alcohol and drug abuse, violence, and infant mortality. A survey of more than 1,000 black public health and black political leaders solicited opinions on the relative importance of 1) environmental health and 2) occupational health and safety compared with other public health problems faced by the black community. The survey also determined opinions about the degree to which specific health problems are amenable to change for black Americans and who (or what agency) should spearhead efforts aimed at specific public health objectives.Responding black leaders felt environmental health and occupational health and safety goals were somewhat important for black Americans, but among the most difficult of all public health objectives to meet. Those who felt that the above objectives were very important identified the federal govemment as the primarily responsible party for seeing that the objectives are met.Dr Dona Schneider is Assistant Professor of Public Health at Rutgers University. She teaches epidemiology and biostatistics for the New Jersey Graduate Program in Public Health at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, and holds memberships in both the Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute and the National Institute for Environmental and Health Sciences. Her research spans the health problems of children and minorities. She regularly reviews books for theEnvironmentalist.     

浅谈剧毒品使用企业危险源的控制

依据GB/T28001:2001职业健康安全管理体系的要求,结合剧毒品使用企业的实际情况,畅述了危险源控制的必要性和建立危险源控制的实施程序的具体方法;以期对剧毒品使用企业预防、降低或消除风险,对减少安全事故的发生及推进GB/T28001:2001职业健康安全管理体系的实施等方面起到一定的引导作用.     

农村水污染的经济损失分析与评估——以邹城市北宿镇为例

介绍了目前常用的水污染经济损失基本评估法——分解求和方法及其具体模型(农业损失模型、畜牧业损失模型、渔业损失模型、人类健康损失模型)以及水污染经济损失的计量程序。以邹城市北宿镇为例,根据相关数据,分别计算了2010年农村水污染对当地农业、畜牧业、渔业和人类健康带来的损失。     

Demographic impact of introducing modern medicine to a subsistence-level agrarian population: A simulation

Typical of many peasant communities in the Third World, the highland Indian population of Nuñoa, Peru operates close to its capacity for providing members with adequate nutrition. High birth and mortality rates maintain population stability in groups such as this. The introduction of modern medical services could decrease mortality and stimulate population growth, thus upsetting stability of the population size.Development of Third World countries includes improving health of subsistence-level populations by providing modern medical services. However, such changes would have secondary effects which should be anticipated. Using the Nuñoa population as a representative data base, and making a number of simplifying assumptions to increase the generality of this case, a simulation model has been devised to explore some of the consequences of introducing modern medical services.The model predicts that decreased mortality would initiate population growth. Some growth would be supported by changes in individual consumption patterns. But unless decreases in birth rate stabilized the population, it would increase beyond the level sustainable by local resources. Starvation or emigration would cause the population to crash. The model identifies several strategies for reducing birth rate sufficiently to avoid a population crash. Despite these strategies, increased equilibrium size of population would reduce per capita consumption. Since the population lives at the subsistence level, hardship, hunger, and even starvation could result. Thus, introduction of modern medical services could involve a trade-off between short-term improvements in health and. long-term economic hardship for the population. The model suggests that improved well-being of the population would require not only modern medical services but also (a) reduced birth rates; and (b) the improved technology necessary to increase food production.