城市环境质量指标体系定量评价研究

以安徽马鞍山市为例，从指标体系的筛选、权值的计算以及指标的综合等方面进行了分析，提供了一个城市环境质量指标体系定量评价案例的研究。     

生态规划实施绩效的定量评价方法探讨

采用一票否决与加权结合的综合指数法,可以定量评价生态规划实施绩效,对规划中各指标近期实施情况进行综合评价;将生态建设指标分为若干类并将同类指标的评价值绘在一张雷达图中,可以对生态规划中远期目标的可达性进行评估。以江苏省句容市为例,参照考核目标和规划目标算出近期每年生态建设的绩效综合评价指数;再参照中远期规划目标算出中远期各项指标的评价值,并通过雷达图展示同类指标的可达性。结果表明,经四年实施,到2010年,句容已达到生态市建设考核目标的各项要求,但尚未完全达到规划目标要求;根据定量评价结果,进一步明确了句容下一步实施生态规划的重点所在。     

清洁生产定量评价方法浅论

以辽宁地区4家水泥厂为例,结合具体的清洁生产实践,对清洁生产的定量评价体系进行探讨,提出了包括资源指标、污染物产生指标、环境经济效益指标、产品清洁指标的企业清洁生产评价指标体系和指标值,并进行了定量分析与评价,提出水泥厂采用先进设备的必要性。     

城镇发展的可持续性评价方法及其应用

采用多目标评价方法构建以发展度、协调度和支撑度为评价指标的评价模型,对城镇发展的可持续性进行评价.运用层次分析法,从人口、社会和经济等方面建立评价指标体系,评估人工生态系统的发展度和协调度,将资源和环境状况作为"支撑度"指标评估自然生态系统的可持续性,进而计算城镇发展的综合可持续性水平.以福建省铁山镇为例,应用该模型进行评价.结果表明,铁山镇发展的可持续性水平为0.617(取值范围0～1),属于中等可持续水平,水环境污染是最主要的瓶颈因素.该评价方法可以辨识城镇发展的可持续性,为城镇产业发展的方向和规模等提供决策依据.     

环境影响评价中的公众参与定量评价方法研究

公众参与建设项目环境影响评价目前还缺乏科学化、系统化、程序化、规范化和定量化．文中就建立一套完整的公众参与环境影响评价的定量评价体系作了首次探讨，明确了定量评价体系的制定原则、范围和对象、阶段划分和程序、公众意见征询书（ 表） 内容、形式与评价方法、结果判断及分析等内容，同时还作了应用实例及分析说明．     

清洁生产的定量考核与评价规范研究

本文根据清洁生产战备的主要环节和当前工业企业清洁生产工作的进程，突破了定性分析与定量评价相分离的传统评价方法，提出了一套能与国家工业企业统计指标体系相接轨，并有较强的可操作性的清洁生产定量考核和评价规范，确立了评价原则、评价程序，建立了评价指标体系和评价方法。为工业企业清洁生产定量评估提供了蓝本。     

清洁煤技术的定量评价方法

回顾国内外清洁煤技术评价的研究现状;从分析清洁煤技术的评价目的着手指出清洁煤的定量评价指标体系、筛选原则与筛选步骤,从而使清洁煤技术的定量评价成为可能,介绍清洁煤技术的定量评价在燃煤电厂的应用。     

我国绿色经济发展现状及评价

通过环境绩效指数、单位GDP所排放的二氧化碳和所消耗能源、经济增长方式等指标对我国目前经济的绿色化程度进行分析评价后,不难看出,我国经济发展的绿色化程度偏低,尚处于绿色经济发展的初级阶段。     

有色金属材料的环境负荷定量评价模型

提出一种有色金属材料LCA定量评价方法－综合比例系数法，根据金属元素的环境特征，实际提取冶金过程和生物效应等要素，确立了纯金属的环境负荷定量计算原则并求出其相对环境负荷，然后由此计算金属材料的环境负荷比例系数；再根据推导出的模型计算出金属材料的环境负荷定量值，并对ZL110和ZA8两种材料进行LCA实例定量评价。     

环境可持续性指数:尝试评价国家或地区环境可持续能力的指标

环境可持续性指数（Eneironmental Sustainability Index,ESI)尝试测量不同国家或地区为其后代保持良好环境状况的能力，从而为环境决策建立基础。本文系统地介绍了ESI的发展、内涵、指标设置及其方法学：列举了2002年报告的ESI用于测量142个国家或地区的结果，分析了典型国家（含中国）的不同表现；最后，概要地评述了ESI的特点与方向。     

A dynamic conceptualization of power for sustainability research

This paper takes up the challenge of providing a conceptual power framework to be used in the context of sustainability research. First, challenges of sustainability research are discussed by focusing specifically on recent insights from Integrated Sustainability Assessment (ISA), and on that basis some requirements for concepts to be used in sustainability research are postulated. It is argued that two of the most important aspects of sustainability assessment research are the long-term dynamics of change and an interdisciplinary paradigm. Second, a dynamic power framework is presented that was developed in the context of research on socio-technical sustainability transitions, including the basics of this power framework as well as some empirical illustrations. Third, it is discussed how the presented power framework deals with time, change and long-term dynamics, and how this contributes to the state-of-the-art. Fourth, it is indicated how the power framework integrates interdisciplinary and ‘interparadigmaticatic’ research requirements, and how this contributes to the state-of-the art. In conclusion, the arguments are summarized and some challenges for future research are distilled.     

广西近海环境与经济可持续发展水平及协调性分析

通过精心选择泛北部湾经济区广西近岸海域水环境与经济系统指标,采用主成分分析法来计算水环境系统、经济系统的可持续发展水平.结果表明,1996～2005年间,在区域经济取得较快发展的同时,近岸海域水环境质量维持原有较好的质量水平并有所改善;通过计算区域近岸海域海洋环境年均协调系数,泛北部湾经济区广西近岸海域环境与经济发展属于协调类型.     

Current status and trends of the environmental performance in European ports

This paper investigates the current status and trends over time in the environmental performance of European ports. The research is based on the provision of data from 79 European ports on issues related to their environmental management, environmental priorities and current environmental monitoring practices. This study updates previous environmental reviews, so that the trends over time are drawn. For instance, 90% of respondent ports stated that they have an environmental policy and 94% of ports have designated environmental personnel. The percentage of ports that have an Environmental Management System has increased by +33% in the last 9 years. Air quality, port waste and energy consumption emerged as the three major environmental priorities of the European port sector in 2013. The research also reveals the diversity amongst European ports in terms of size and physical surroundings. Some examples are presented on specific initiatives carried out by sector organisations about the Top-10 port priority issues. The future expectations of European ports on data collection and reporting are described.     

How environmental management driving forces affect environmental and economic performance of SMEs: a study in the Northern China district

Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) form the core of societal and economic development. However, most people query on the implementation and performance of environmental management. In this paper, the manufacturing SMEs in Northern China with different pollution levels are studied to explore the main forces (e.g., government, society, market, and enterprise itself) driving SMEs for promoting environmental management. It focuses on the correlation between environmental management and economic performance for SMEs at different pollution levels. The results show that SMEs of different pollution levels have significant differences in the relationship of driving forces and performance. First, for SMEs with high-pollution levels, social and market driving forces and government incentives are revealed having a significant effect on their environmental performance. Driving forces from within the enterprise itself and the market provide a positive effect on the economic performance, while social forces have a negative effect. Second, for SMEs with light pollution, social and market driving forces, and government assistance play a supporting role on corporate environmental performance improvement. It is also found that the driving force of the enterprise itself does not have a significant effect on the environmental performance for SMEs with different pollution levels. In addition, the environmental performance and economic performance for SMEs with high or light-pollution levels are positively correlated. Further, it shows that the environmental performance is moderately correlated with financial indices, but not significantly with the non-financial indices.     

SAFE—A hierarchical framework for assessing the sustainability of agricultural systems

Sustainable development and the definition of indicators to assess progress towards sustainability have become a high priority in scientific research and on policy agendas. In this paper, we propose a consistent and comprehensive framework of principles, criteria and indicators (PC&I) for sustainability assessment of agricultural systems, referred to as the Sustainability Assessment of Farming and the Environment (SAFE) framework. In addition we formulate consistent and objective approaches for indicator identification and selection. The framework is designed for three spatial levels: the parcel level, the farm level and a higher spatial level that can be the landscape, the region or the state. The SAFE framework is hierarchical as it is composed of principles, criteria, indicators and reference values in a structured way. Principles are related to the multiple functions of the agro-ecosystem, which go clearly beyond the production function alone. The multifunctional character of the agro-ecosystem encompasses the three pillars of sustainability: the environmental, economic and social pillars. Indicators and reference values are the end-products of the framework. They are the operational tools that are used for evaluating the sustainability of the agro-ecosystems. The proposed analytical framework is not intended to find a common solution for sustainability in agriculture as a whole, but to serve as an assessment tool for the identification, the development and the evaluation of agricultural production systems, techniques and policies.     

The feasibility of including sustainability in LCA for product development

The feasibility of combining the concept of sustainability principles and the methodology of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is examined. The goal is to achieve an operational tool that incorporates sustainability in product development and strategic planning. While the method outlined has the structure of LCA, it emphasises aspects and parameters often omitted from traditional LCA. The analysis and results can be either qualitative or semi-quantitative. Although a qualitative analysis is less time consuming, it can still highlight the important issues. Qualitative information, which is easily lost in a quantitative analysis, can be emphasised. One of the conclusions is that the method is well suited for screening analysis.     

开展环境污染损害鉴定评估 促进经济发展方式转变

环境污染损害鉴定评估是综合运用经济、法律、技术等手段,对环境污染导致的损害范围、程度等进行合理鉴定、测算,出具鉴定意见和评估报告,为环境管理、环境司法等提供服务的活动。为推动环境污染损害鉴定评估工作顺利开展,本文论述环境污染损害鉴定评估的重要意义和运行机制以及技术路线。同时提出实施步骤和保障措施。     

A methodology for the life cycle and sustainability analysis of manufacturing processes

Life cycle assessment is emerging as a powerful tool in the evaluation of the environmental impact of manufacturing processes. This paper describes a general methodology for the life cycle analysis of manufacturing processes taking into account the flexibility and decision-making potential of knowledge base systems. Emphasis is placed on on-site waste minimisation and associated sustainability characteristics in relation to environmental impact assessment and process improvement. The ensuing software model is applied with some success to an initial study of pulp and paper manufacture.     

Assessment of eco-labelling criteria development from a strategic sustainability perspective

To turn current patterns of consumption and production in a sustainable direction, solid and understandable market information on the socio-ecological performance of products is needed. Eco-labelling programmes have an important role in this communication. The aim of this study is to investigate what gaps there may be in the current criteria development processes in relation to a strategic sustainability perspective and develop recommendations on how such presumptive gaps could be bridged. First a previously published generic framework for strategic sustainable development is described and applied for the assessment of two eco-labelling programmes. Data for the assessment is collected from literature and in semi-structured interviews and discussions with eco-labelling experts.The assessment revealed that the programmes lack both an operational definition of sustainability, and a statement of objectives to direct and drive the criteria development processes. Consequently they also lack guidelines for how product category criteria might gradually develop in any direction. The selected criteria mainly reflect the current reality based on a selection of negative impacts in ecosystems, but how this selection, or prioritization, is made is not clearly presented. Finally, there are no guidelines to ensure that the criteria developers represent a broad enough competence to embrace all essential sustainability aspects.In conclusion the results point at deficiencies in theory, process and practice of eco-labelling, which hampers cohesiveness, transparency and comprehension. And it hampers predictability, as producers get no support in foreseeing how coming revisions of criteria will develop. This represents a lost opportunity for strategic sustainable development. It is suggested that these problems could be avoided by informing the criteria development process by a framework for strategic sustainable development, based on backcasting from basic sustainability principles.     

Improving agricultural sustainability: the case of Swedish greenhouse tomatoes

Of major concern to agriculturists and society are issues of sustainability and land and resource requirements for food and fiber. Sustainability of Swedish domestic agriculture is explored using the production of tomatoes in greenhouses as a case study. Issues of sustainability are related to net yields, environmental loading, greenhouse gases, employment and land use. A model for evaluation of sustainability is developed and illustrated using the concepts and theories of analysis. The intensive tomato production system investigated was shown to be highly dependent on non-renewable resources and human service fed back from society. Substituting wood powder from logging residues for the oil used for heating reduced the environmental load and improved the sustainability of the system significantly.