废陶瓷的表面改性及其吸附性能

以十八烷基三甲氧基硅烷为改性剂,对废陶瓷进行表面改性,使改性后的废陶瓷粒具有疏水性表而.考察了改性废陶瓷粒对工业废水的有机物去除作用以及对染料废水的脱色作用.实验结果表明,在改性废陶瓷粒径为1 -4 mm、改性废陶瓷加入量为500 g/L、吸附时间为30 min的条件下,造纸废水的COD去除率可达42％,亚甲基蓝溶液的...     

城市污泥制备水中重金属吸附剂及其吸附特性研究

本实验利用城市污水厂的脱水污泥,通过化学活化法制备活性炭.研究活化温度、活化时间、固液比和活化剂浓度等因素对制备污泥活性炭的影响,确定氯化锌法制备污泥活性炭的最佳工艺为活化温度550 ℃、活化时间30 min、固液比1∶2、氯化剂浓度45％.将制备的污泥活性炭吸附Cu2＋,Cr6＋,Cd2＋3种重金属离子模拟废水,研究pH值、吸附时间、污泥投加量、温度等因素对吸附过程的影响.实验结果表明,剩余污泥对Cu2＋,Cr6＋,Cd2＋3种重金属离子都具有良好的吸附效果,在优化条件下,3种重金属离子去除率分别达到94％,76％,81％,吸附能力大小顺序为Cu2＋＞Cd2＋＞＋Cr6＋.     

凹凸棒颗粒吸附过滤剂及其制备方法

该发明公开了一种凹凸棒颗粒吸附过滤剂及其制备方法。其制备方法：用凹凸棒石黏土作为原料，经酸化处理后烘干，添加稻谷壳共同磨粉、造粒、焙烧，成品为凹凸棒颗粒吸附过滤剂。该发明的凹凸棒颗粒吸附过滤剂，酸化效果完全，无二次污染，颗粒表面粗糙坚硬、比表面积大、孔隙率高、吸附脱色性能好、过滤截污能力强、使用寿命长、反冲洗耗水量少，并且不含对人体有害的物质，生产工艺简单，     

水热法表面改性陶粒及其对水中磷的吸附性能

采用水热法制备碳改性陶粒和铁/碳改性陶粒,对改性陶粒表面进行了表征,研究了改性陶粒对废水中磷的吸附效果。表征结果显示,改性后陶粒形貌更规则,比表面积增加,有机官能团种类增多。吸附实验结果表明,碳改性陶粒和铁/碳改性陶粒在初始磷质量浓度为5 mg/L、pH分别为6和5、陶粒投加量为0.03 mg/L的条件下,于35℃下吸附8 h,磷的去除率分别达到97.28%和93.10%,剩余磷质量浓度分别为0.136 mg/L和0.345 mg/L;Langmuir等温吸附模型和准二级动力学方程更适合描述两种改性陶粒对磷的吸附过程,且改性后陶粒均具有良好的解吸能力,解吸率随解吸剂浓度的增加而增大。     

碱渣对Cd2+的吸附特性研究

研究了碱渣对溶液中Cd2＋的吸附特征。实验结果表明,碱渣对Cd2＋的吸附量随温度升高而降低,随Cd2＋初始质量浓度增加而增大,随体系pH升高而增大。当体系pH〈7．52时,表面吸附起主导作用,吸附作用力主要为偶极间力和氢键力,碱渣对Cd2＋的吸附热力学可用Freundlich等温吸附方程较好地描述;而当吸附体系pH〉8．00时,吸附作用力主要为化学键力,吸附过程可用Langmuir等温吸附方程较好地描述。当体系pH=7．00时,碱渣对Cd2＋的吸附动力学用二级动力学方程拟合效果最佳;当体系pH为8．00和9．01时,用Langmuir动力学方程拟合的效果最佳。     

挥发性有机物的物化性质与活性炭饱和吸附量的相关性研究

采用kc-4．0型颗粒活性炭对甲苯、对二甲苯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙醇、正丙醇进行吸附实验,研究挥发性有机物的物化性质与活性炭饱和吸附量之间的相关性。实验结果表明,活性炭对乙酸甲酯、乙醇和正丙醇的吸附性能较差,对乙酸乙酯、甲苯和对二甲苯的的吸附性能较好,饱和吸附量最大的是甲苯（达312．92mg／g）,饱和吸附量最小的是乙酸甲酯（为224．93mg／g）。6种挥发性有机物的吸附等温线用Langmuir方程进行拟合,效果良好。挥发性有机物的比蒸发速度、饱和蒸气压和电离势能与活性炭饱和吸附量具有显著的相关性。比蒸发速度越快、饱和蒸气压越高或电离势能越大,活性炭饱和吸附量越小。     

掺烧污泥型粉煤灰的物理化学性质及其重金属吸附性能

以掺烧污泥型粉煤灰（电力燃煤和市政污泥混合共燃产生）和纯煤粉型粉煤灰为对象,研究了其物理化学性质,分析了其重金属含量和浸出毒性,并进一步考察了其重金属吸附性能。结果表明：与纯煤粉型粉煤灰相比,掺烧污泥型粉煤灰的微观形貌更接近于规则球形颗粒;二者矿物组成差异明显,掺烧污泥型粉煤灰由多种矿物质均衡组成;两种粉煤灰浸出液中各重金属浓度远低于GB 8978—1996的排放浓度限值,可再利用为水中重金属吸附剂;掺烧污泥型粉煤灰对铜、铅、镉、镍、铬的饱和吸附量分别为107.53,119.99,73.39,53.14,42.19 mg/g,均远高于纯煤粉型粉煤灰,这归因于其矿物相反应活性高、化学吸附能力强。     

麦饭石对NOx的吸附

研究了麦饭石在不同预处理方法、粒径、活化温度、NOx初始质量浓度和吸附时间等条件下对NOx的吸附性能。实验结果显示：粒径为0.18mm的麦饭石经过400～600℃活化1h后,NOx吸附率大于99%,饱和吸附量大于6.3m g/g。经4次重复活化后,麦饭石对NOx的吸附效果仍然很好,可作为处理含NOx废气的吸附剂。     

污泥炭吸附剂对气态汞的吸附

在固定床反应器上研究污泥炭吸附剂对气态汞(Hg0(g))的吸附特性,并对其吸附机理进行探讨。实验结果表明:污泥炭吸附剂对Hg0(g)的吸附容量随着吸附温度的升高、气体流量的增大而降低,随着Hg0(g)质量浓度的增加而增大;在吸附温度为130℃、Hg0(g)质量浓度为65.2μg/m3、气体流量为1 L/min时,污泥炭吸附剂对Hg0(g)的吸附容量达到81.8μg/g,优于选定的商品活性炭。污泥炭吸附剂对Hg0(g)的吸附机理主要包括物理吸附、化学吸附、化学反应以及三者相结合的共同作用。     

新型吸附材料AGS在油气回收中的应用

考查了自制疏水性硅胶吸附材料AGS在加油站模拟油气回收装置及某油库现场油气回收装置的应用效果,并与常用的柱状活性炭进行了比较。实验结果表明：与活柱状性炭相比,AGS对油气的吸附速率和吸附量较小,但是油气脱附效果更好;将二者混合得到的吸附材料同时具备二者的优点,既具有较高的油气吸附量又具有良好的脱附性能,使油气回收装置具有更大的油气吸附量和更好的回收效果。     

Activation of waste MDF sawdust charcoal and its reactive dye adsorption characteristics

This paper reports an experimental investigation of converting waste medium density fibreboard (MDF) sawdust into chars and activated carbon using chemical activation and thermal carbonisation processes. The MDF sawdust generated during the production of architectural mouldings was characterised and found to have unique properties in terms of fine particle size and high particle density. It also has a high content of urea formaldehyde resin used as a binder in the manufacturing of MDF board. Direct thermal carbonisation and chemical activation of the sawdust by metal impregnation and acid (phosphoric acid) treatment prior to pyrolysis treatment were carried out. The surface morphology of the raw dust, its chars and activated carbon were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Adsorptive properties and total pore volume of the materials were also analysed using the BET nitrogen adsorption method. Liquid adsorption of a reactive dye (Levafix Brilliant red E-4BA) by the derived sawdust carbon was investigated in batch isothermal adsorption process and the results compared to adsorption on to a commercial activated carbon (Filtrasorb F400). The MDF sawdust carbon exhibited in general a very low adsorption capacity towards the reactive dye, and physical characterisation of the carbon revealed that the conventional chemical activation and thermal carbonisation process were ineffective in developing a microporous structure in the dust particles. The small size of the powdery dust, the high particle density, and the presence of the urea formaldehyde resin all contributed to the difficulty of developing a proper porous structure during the thermal and chemical activation process. Finally, activation of the dust material in a consolidated form (cylindrical pellet) only achieved very limited improvement in the dye adsorption capacity. This original study, reporting some unexpected outcomes, may serve as a stepping-stone for future investigations of recycle and reuse of the waste MDF sawdust which is becoming an increasing environmental and cost liability.     

循环流化床锅炉灰渣物化性能分析

以石家庄热电厂改造工程拟选用的燃煤及石灰石粉试烧所产生的灰渣实验数据为基础,从灰渣的常量化学成分、颗粒组成、干密度、含水量、透水性、抗剪性等方面,对循环流化床锅炉灰渣的物化性能进行了初步分析。     

聚吡咯改性废菌渣活性炭的制备及其吸附水中SO42-性能

采用ZnCl2活化废菌渣(MR)制备了废菌渣活性炭(MRAC),再采用聚吡咯(Ppy)改性MRAC制备复合材料Ppy-MRAC.以水中SO42-的吸附量为优化指标,分别用单因素实验和响应面法优化制备和改性条件,并对优化条件下制备的MRAC和Ppy-MRAC进行了SEM、EDS和FTIR分析表征.MRAC最佳制备条件为浸...     

NaOH改性活性炭的表面特征及吸附甲醛的性能

研究了NaOH改性活性炭(AC)的表面官能团变化特征及其吸附甲醛的性能.实验结果表明:改性AC表面的羧基、酚羟基、内酯基等官能团均与NaOH发生化学反应;质量分数为30%的NaOH溶液对AC表面的清洗作用最大,能将AC表面的杂质基本清除,此时AC表面羧基、酚羟基、内酯基和羰基浓度均达到最大;NaOH溶液质量分数为30%时,改性AC吸附甲醛的效果最好;改性AC表面酚羟基浓度的大小与改性AC吸附甲醛气体穿透时间的长短呈正比.     

Effect of thermal pretreatment on the physical and chemical properties of municipal biomass waste

The effects of thermal pretreatment on the physical and chemical properties of three typical municipal biomass wastes (MBWs), kitchen waste (KW), vegetable/fruit residue (VFR), and waste activated sludge (WAS) were investigated. The results show that thermal pretreatment at 175 °C/60 min significantly decreases viscosity, improves the MBW dewatering performance, as well as increases soluble chemical oxygen demand, soluble sugar, soluble protein, and especially organic compounds with molecular weights >10 kDa. For KW, VFR and WAS, 59.7%, 58.5% and 25.2% of the organic compounds can be separated in the liquid phase after thermal treatment. WAS achieves a 34.8% methane potential increase and a doubled methane production rate after thermal pretreatment. In contrast, KW and VFR show 7.9% and 11.7% methane decrease because of melanoidin production.     

物化性质对细颗粒长大过程影响的研究现状

燃煤产生的飞灰颗粒是除尘器去除的主体,研究颗粒的物化性质对提高除尘效率有重要的意义。燃煤产生的细颗粒不能被传统除尘器有效的脱除,颗粒长大技术是有效脱除燃煤细颗粒的一种除尘技术。针对颗粒长大技术,综述了细颗粒的物化性质对脱除效果的影响。     

Adsorption characteristics of siloxanes in landfill gas by the adsorption equilibrium test

Due to the increase in energy cost by constantly high oil prices and the obligation to reduce greenhouse effect gases, landfill gas is frequently used as an alternative energy source for producing heat and electricity. Most of landfill gas utility facilities, however, are experiencing problems controlling siloxanes from landfill gas as their catalytic oxidizers are becoming fouled by silicon dioxide dust. To evaluate adsorption characteristics of siloxanes, an adsorption equilibrium test was conducted and parameters in the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were analyzed. Coconut activated carbon (CA1), coal activated carbon (CA2), impregnated activated carbon (CA3), silicagel (NCA1), and activated alumina (NCA2) were used for the adsorption of the mixed siloxane which contained hexamethyldisiloxane (L2), octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5). L2 had higher removal efficiency in noncarbon adsorbents compared to carbon adsorbents. The application of Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm demonstrated that coconut based CA1 and CA3 provided higher adsorption capacity on L2. And CA2 and NCA1 provided higher adsorption capacity on D4 and D5. Based on the experimental results, L2, D4, and D5 were converted by adsorption and desorption in noncarbon adsorbents. Adsorption affinity of siloxane is considered to be affect by the pore size distribution of the adsorbents and by the molecular size of each siloxane.     

The chemical characteristics of ashes from cattle, swine and poultry manure

Animal manure is waste that contains large amounts of fertilizer resources. Incineration technology is effective in decreasing the volume of animal manure and concentrating the nutrients. In this study, the nutrient concentration and chemical compounds of several types of animal manure ash were examined to promote their recycling for agriculture. The nutrient concentration of manure ash was dependent on the reduction rate of solid materials by incineration. The phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) of cattle and layer manure were not concentrated greatly because of high silicon (Si) and calcium (Ca) concentrations, respectively. On the other hand, the P concentration of swine manure and broiler litter was increased to 10.1–12.0 % (3.6–4.6 times compared with original materials), equivalent to that of phosphate rock used as fertilizer material. The K concentration of broiler litter ash (16.1 %) was highest of all. The phosphate compounds of cattle and swine manure ashes were determined as Ca₉Fe(PO₄)₇ or Ca₉MgK(PO₄)₇. Hydroxyapatite (Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH)) was detected in layer manure and broiler litter ashes. By acid treatment of ash, P and K availability of the fertilizer made from layer manure ash (33 % of materials) was equivalent to that of conventional chemical fertilizer.     

Utilization of turkey manure as granular activated carbon: physical, chemical and adsorptive properties

The high availability of large quantities of turkey manure generated from turkey production makes it an attractive feedstock for carbon production. Pelletized samples of turkey litter and cake were converted to granular activated carbons (GACs) by steam activation. Water flow rate and activation time were changed to produce a range of activation conditions. The GACs were characterized for select physical (yield, surface area, bulk density, attrition), chemical (pH, surface charge) and adsorptive properties (copper ion uptake). Carbon physical and adsorptive properties were dependent on activation time and quantity of steam used as activant. Yields varied from 23% to 37%, surface area varied from 248 to 472 m(2)/g and copper ion adsorption varied from 0.72 to 1.86 mmol Cu(2+)/g carbon. Copper ion adsorption greatly exceeded the values for two commercial GACs. GACs from turkey litter and cake show considerable potential to remove metal ions from water.