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利用FISH和DGGE对产甲烷颗粒污泥中微生物种群的研究 总被引:12,自引:6,他引:6
利用FISH和DGGE技术对厌氧反应器内处于不同运行阶段的4个产甲烷颗粒污泥进行研究,考察其中真细菌和古细菌的种群结构,并对其中的优势古细菌进行系统发育分析.FISH结果表明,颗粒污泥中真细菌含量明显高于古细菌,真细菌主要分布在颗粒污泥外层,古细菌则主要分布在内层;DGGE结果表明,随着反应器COD负荷的增加以及运行时间的延长,真细菌种群结构相对较稳定,而古细菌种群结构则发生了较明显变化,其中占优势的古细菌种类逐渐减少;将有代表性的7个古细菌条带切胶回收并测序,结果显示,反应器运行后期占优势的菌种主要包括甲烷微粒菌(Methanocorpusculum)、甲烷杆菌(Methanobacterium)和甲烷髦毛菌(Methanosaeta)等. 相似文献
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通过在河流中悬吊自行设计的载玻片架,获取了具有由铁-锰氧化细菌产生的特异的铁锰氧化物结构的生物膜,设计了4种培养基,采用2种不同的细菌分离方法,对生物膜上的铁细菌进行分离,应用荧光X射线分析仪(XRF)分析了分离菌株产物的化学元素组成,并对分离菌株的铁锰氧化形态进行了观察.研究发现,铁细菌2号培养基为合适的分离培养基;采用平板涂布法分离出的2株氧化铁和锰的细菌,经系统发育地位的分析确定为纤发菌属;对运动纤发菌的产物分析确定无定形铁和锰为其主要金属元素;形态观察确定霍氏纤发菌呈树枝状鞘结构,而运动纤发菌呈蛛网状鞘结构.采用原位培养法分离出1株具有独特铁锰氧化物结构的细菌,经基因序列比对,确定为丛毛菌属.该实验获得的3株铁-锰氧化细菌的序列为设计针对于自然水体中的铁-锰氧化细菌FISH探针及PCR引物提供了关键数据. 相似文献
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<正> 用脉冲雾化法将微小体积的试样送入火焰,这对少量试样的分析是很有意义的。它可用于原子发射、原子吸收和原子荧光光谱分析。在原子吸收中微小体积的雾化同吸收管(承接器)联用。这种方法于预防燃烧器缝隙的堵塞以及雾化浓的、易堵塞雾化器毛细管的试样也很有效。在一些著作中介绍了分析体积为10—100μl 的试样的方法,它所达到的绝对检出限 相似文献
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G. H. Schuring-Blom M. Keuzer M. E. Jakobs D. M. van den Brande H. M. Visser J. Wiegant J. M. N. Hoovers N. J. Leschot 《黑龙江环境通报》1993,13(8):671-679
In first-trimester chorionic villus sampling (CVS) for prenatal diagnosis, abnormal chromosomal findings, such as mosaicism, trisomies, or suspect abnormal karyotypes, are found more frequently than at amniocentesis. The fact that these chromosomal abnormalities do not always reflect the fetal karyotype but may be restricted to the placenta is a major problem in diagnosis and counselling. In this paper we present the results of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies on interphase nuclei of three term placentae investigated because of false-positive findings at first-trimester CVS. The chorionic villi of the first case showed a mosaic chromosome pattern involving a trisomy 10 cell line and a normal cell line, those of the second case a total trisomy 8 cell line, while in the third case a complete monosomy X was found. Follow-up amniocentesis in each of these three cases revealed a normal karyotype. By using FISH, we were able to confirm the presence of the aberrant cell lines, which were all confined to one part of the placenta. FISH on interphase nuclei allows the investigation of large numbers of cells for the existence of numerical chromosome aberrations in a quick and reliable way. 相似文献
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荧光原位杂交法检测反应器中聚磷菌实验条件优化及应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
文章简要介绍了荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术的基本原理和操作步骤。通过正交试验筛检荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术在检测反应器中聚磷菌时的最佳及适合的实验条件。结果显示,样品预处理较优的条件为:样品在固定前应先经过1×PBS清洗两次,37℃热固定3h,乙醇脱水3min;FISH技术检测反应器中聚磷菌的最佳实验条件为:杂交温度46℃,杂交时间2h,清洗缓冲液中NaCl浓度70 mmol/L。FISH技术检测反应器样品中聚磷菌与传统检测方法相比具有快捷、简便、淮确的优点,在研究环境微生物方面有较好的应用前景。 相似文献
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Wing Cheong Leung David Chitayat Gareth Seaward Rory Windrim Greg Ryan Jon Barrett Elizabeth J. T. Winsor 《黑龙江环境通报》2001,21(4):327-332
We retrospectively reviewed 309 amniotic fluid interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses performed from October 1995 to June 1999 to assess the role of interphase FISH in the management of patients at increased risk for fetal aneuploidies. Gestational age and indications for amniocentesis, clinical interventions after FISH results, as well as interventions after final culture reports were analyzed. There were 244 (79%) normal, 50 (16%) abnormal and 15 (5%) inconclusive FISH results. There were no false-positive or false-negative results, but there were nine (3%) clinically significant chromosomal abnormalities not detectable by FISH. Of the 50 women with abnormal FISH results, 26 (52%) elected to terminate the pregnancy prior to the availability of the standard chromosome analysis. In two of the fetuses with trisomy 21 no abnormalities were reported by ultrasound examination. Our experience indicates that interphase FISH results played an important role in decision making, especially for pregnancies close to 24 weeks' gestation. Standard karyotype analysis is still required for detection of chromosome abnormalities not detectable by interphase FISH techniques and for clarification of unusual or inconclusive FISH results. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of chromosome-specific probes to interphase nuclei can rapidly identify aneuploidies in uncultured amniotic fluid cells. Using DNA probe sets specific for chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X, and Y, we have identified 14 fetuses where the hybridization pattern was consistent with a triploid chromosome constitution. In each case, the identification of fetal abnormalities by ultrasound examination initiated a request for rapid determination of ploidy status via prenatal FISH analysis of uncultured amniocytes. FISH produced a three-signal pattern for the three autosomes in combination with signals indicating an XXX or XXY sex chromosome complement. This hybridization pattern was interpreted to be consistent with triploidy. Results were reported to the physician within 2 days of amniocentesis and subsequently confirmed by cytogenetics. These cases demonstrate the utility of FISH for rapid prenatal identification of triploidy, particularly when fetal abnormalities are seen with ultrasonographic examination. 相似文献
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固体废物取样,制样方法研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
要采取、制备具有代表性的固体废物样品,从而获得精确的、可靠的监测分析数据,就必须要有科学化、标准化、规范化的样品采取和制备方法。该文对废对取样误差1取样量、取样数、取样点、取样法和制样法等6个方面的问题进行了较详细的论述,为制定我国的固体废物采样、制样技术、制样 重要依据。 相似文献
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臭气浓度无组织排放监测现场采样问题的探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对现有规定中恶臭无组织排放采样部分进行了综合阐述,并对臭气浓度无组织排放采样中涉及的无组织排放的界定、企业工况、采样点位选择、采样频次、气象条件等问题进行探讨,使现场采样更加完善、规范。 相似文献
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气相色谱分析空气和废气中二甲基亚砜 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
空气和废气中二甲基亚砜分析国内还未有相关分析方法报道,本文根据二甲基亚砜的物化性质采用无水乙醇吸收空气和废气中二甲基亚砜。毛细柱分离、气相色谱分析氢离子火焰检测器检测。实验过程方便、样品分析快速。通过实验总结出合适的采样条件和分析条件并对该物质采样流量、采样时间;标准溶液放置时间、样品存放时间做了详细的实验,得各项数据均符合质量控制要求相关系数为0.9991,标准偏差在:0.01-0.42之间,采样效率在:91.2%-98.7%之间,能满足环境监测工作的需要。 相似文献
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武汉庙湖沉积物中氮释放化学行为的模拟研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用实验室模拟释放的方法对沉积物氮释放过程进行研究,运用正交实验设计,探讨了环境条件的变化对庙湖底泥中氮释放行为的影响。此次实验的结果表明:升高温度有利于加速氮释放过程的进行;底泥释氮过程在酸性或碱性条件下受到抑制,中性条件下最有利于释放;底泥总氮释放量随溶解氧增加而减少,从不同形态的氮来看,厌氧条件下氨氮释放量增加,好氧条件下硝酸盐氮释放量增加。运用回归分析,分别推求出在不同温度、pH、溶解氧水平下庙湖底泥平均释氮强度公式,通过释氮模型预测不同环境条件下底泥释氮强度,从而采取适宜措施抑制氮释放,控制内源污染。 相似文献
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废水处理系统中微型生物群落变化与水质净化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用PFU法(聚氨酯泡沫塑料块)和直接采水法对哈药集团制药总厂的污水处理厂污水处理系统进行样品采集,研究该处理系统中微型生物群落动态,并应用荧光原位杂交技术监测影响系统处理效能的主要菌群,同时结合水质的理化指标对处理系统进行综合评价。结果表明:处理系统中共检出微型生物48种,其中鞭毛虫8种,肉足虫5种,纤毛虫25种,后生动物2种,藻类8种。各个采样点环境差异显著,随着处理池离排污口距离的增加原生动物的种类随之增加,多样性指数增大。经常大量出现的有肋盾纤虫(Aspidisca-costata)和小球藻(Chlorella)、广缘小环藻(Cyclotella stelligera)。FISH实验得到的细菌资料显示处理系统中,进水菌量大于出水菌量,这与原生动物变化规律相反,表明出水水质得到改善。 相似文献
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《Atmospheric Environment. Part A. General Topics》1990,24(10):2609-2614
An automatic fog sampling station is presented in this paper which is suited for unattended operation. This system, designed to meet the requirements of our particular sampling protocol, is comprised of an optical fog detector which senses the light backscattered by the droplets, a rotating string collector, a sampling storage/fractionation unit and a computer which drives the operations of the station and acquires the sampling information. The sampling operational problems are discussed, and the results from an extended fog sampling period are reported. 相似文献