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兰州市大气降尘沉积物的粒度分布特征研究 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
对兰州市区大气自然降尘的粒度分布状况进行了监测和分析。全年中大气降尘量的极大值出现在4月份。降尘沉积物中粒径的质量中值直径为6.39~12.6μm,年平均为8.39μm。几何平均值为1.37~8.21μm,年平均为3.78μm.两者的月、季度变化不十分明显.降尘粒径中有84.55%集中在30~5μm内.并在10μm、5μm和200μm、3μm处前后分别出现一个较大和较小的峰值。 相似文献
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王镇延 《环境监测管理与技术》1992,4(1):31-35
本文提出了用乙二醇水溶液作降尘捕集剂,以解决原降尘采样方法中捕集剂蒸发与冰冻的问题,并报告了乙二醇空白实验、尘样回收实验的结果与五种圆形降尘缸集尘方法的对比实验结果. 相似文献
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基于因子分析的乌鲁木齐市冬季大气降尘来源与时空变化特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用2000—2009乌鲁木齐市不同功能区域大气降尘通量数据,建立因子分析模型,研究了乌鲁木齐市冬季大气降尘的来源与时空变化特征。结果表明,乌鲁木齐市冬季大气降尘的主要来源为燃煤烟尘、工业粉尘、交通道路尘。工业区、交通干线和居住区为全市冬季大气降尘量较大的区域。主城区冬季大气降尘通量呈下降趋势,主要与工业排放和采暖燃煤对大气降尘的贡献减少及相关大气污染控制取得实效有关。交通道路区域的降尘通量呈波动状态,变化较小。清洁点降尘通量前5年保持稳定,而后5年受到人为活动的影响,呈显著增加趋势。 相似文献
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对兰州市春季不同功能区大气降尘有机质中PAHs种类的分析,检出了大气降尘中有机质USEPA优控PAHs有11种以上,含量较高的萘、荧蒽、菲、芘、,占各采样点PAHs总量的70%以上。源解析表明,兰州市各功能区大气降尘中PAHs来源不仅有较高的燃煤源、交通源(汽车尾气),同时PAHs的组成与分布也在很大程度上受到采样点周围居民居住环境的影响。 相似文献
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20世纪60年代以来,环境磁学以快速、灵敏、经济、无破坏性和信息量大等特点被广泛应用到环境污染研究中。笔者介绍了环境磁学应用于重金属污染监测的基本原理和优势,系统综述了其在大气,水体(湖泊、河流和海岸等)和土壤等环境重金属污染监测中的主要成果和最新进展,包括磁学参数可作为重金属污染物质代用指标,以及环境磁学在重金属污染分布特点和污染程度鉴定、重金属污染历史重建、重金属污染物运移追踪等方面的应用。提出了重金属污染磁性诊断研究还需要解决的问题,包括磁学参数多解性,其他环境过程(动力分选、吸附解吸和早期成岩等)的干扰和影响,磁性矿物与重金属物质赋存关系及多学科交叉研究等。 相似文献
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城市环境中磁学响应的研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
利用磁学方法研究城市环境中重金属元素的污染受到普遍关注和重视。比较系统地探讨了城市环境中磁性矿物的来源和特征,阐述了城市环境磁学的研究内容,探讨了城市磁学研究的发展趋势,强调了运用简便、经济的磁学方法研究城市环境中重金属等污染物是今后环境磁学的一个重要的发展方向。 相似文献
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以1986-2020年苏州河水质监测数据为依据,将水质变化过程划分成1986-1996年、1997-2006年和2007-2020年3个阶段,系统分析了苏州河水质状况及多年时空变化特征。结果表明,在第1阶段(1986-1996年),苏州河整体处于重度污染水平,从上游到下游水质显著恶化,市区段污染严重;在第2阶段(1997-2006年),苏州河市区段水质显著改善,有机污染指标消除劣Ⅴ类,氨氮和总磷仍处于较高污染水平,上下游水质逐渐趋同;在第3阶段(2007-2020年),苏州河水质持续改善,特别是2016年以来改善明显,2020年水质达到34年来的最好水平。苏州河水质改善与上海市实施的全市及苏州河多轮环境综合治理工程、上游来水水质改善等密切相关,反映了苏州河30多年环境综合治理的突出成效,并为城市黑臭水体治理提供经验。 相似文献
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贵阳室内氡时空分布特征研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了全面分析室内氡的时空分布特征、来源和影响因素,选择了贵阳市不同地理位置的居民住宅、办公场所和公共场所,进行了为期一年的室内氡监测。贵阳市室内氡的平均浓度为(72.7±1.6)Bq/m3,低于室内空气污染国家标准,达标率98.5%。其中居民住宅、办公场所和公共场所的室内氡浓度分别为(93.46±86.93)、(74.68±40.74)、(61±26.93)Bq/m3。研究表明,室内涂料、装修程度和通风效果、小区环境等对室内氡浓度高低有显著影响,室内氡也随季节变化而发生波动。对于居民住宅和公共场所氡的室内外来源相对重要性不同。居民住宅内新楼和旧楼不同楼层室内氡的来源、影响因素和分布特征有显著差异。 相似文献
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Norbert Gonzalez-Flesca Matthew S. Bates Veronique Delmas Vincenzo Cocheo 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2000,65(1-2):59-67
Many VOC represent hazards to human health through chronic exposure. Recent European and world-wide legislation proposes limit values for ambient concentrations of these compounds. However, very little experimental data exists for true population exposure. In 1996, the European MACBETH initiative set out to measure population exposure to benzene in six European cities. This study details the French contribution to this program. Six campaigns were carried out, each comprising measurements at 100 outdoor sites and the participation of 50 non-smoking volunteers who wore personal samplers and had passive monitors installed in their homes. Iso-concentration maps were drawn for each campaign and the results showed that outdoor concentrations were significantly lower than indoors. Almost 75% of the volunteers were exposed to mean concentrations higher than the limit value of 5µgm3. It is demonstrated that personal exposure levels cannot be deduced simply by combining indoor and outdoor background concentrations. It is also shown that there is need for better knowledge of the contributions to overall exposure of outdoor microenvironments and the authors hope that future European directives will take this into account. 相似文献
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Qi Shihua Yan Jun Zhang Gan Fu Jiamo Sheng Guoying Wang Zhishi S. M. Tong U. W. Tang Min Yunshun 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2001,72(2):115-127
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), widespread environmental pollutants, have been measured in aerosols and dustfall in Macao. In this paper, we compare concentration distributions and determine the partitioning of PAHs in aerosols and dustfall for different areas, sampling times and sampling heights. The results demonstrate that the concentrations of PAHs in aerosols and dustfall vary at the different sites and heights. The concentrations of PAHs and most of the individual PAHs in aerosols at night were higher than those in the daytime when using the unit of g/g and lower than those when using the unit of g m-3. It is shown that the distribution of individual PAHs in aerosols differs significantly from that in dustfall. 相似文献
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Abdul-Wahab SA Worthing MA Al-Maamari S 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2005,107(1-3):313-327
The aim of this work is to characterize the mineral phases present in the atmosphere at three locations in northern Oman. Samples of atmospheric particles were collected using a high volume sampler. Three indoor and one outdoor location were chosen in this investigation. Sampling locations included a residential house located nearby the cement plant, a residential house located nearby a refinery plant, and a residential house located at Al-Suwayq residential area. Indoor air was sampled from these three houses. Moreover, for the Al-Suwayq residential house, sampling was also taken outside the house for comparison. The dust samples were analysed for their microanalysis characterization and their mineral contents as well. The microanalysis enabled us to identify the metals present in the particles. Furthermore, the mineralogical analysis of the sample filters showed the presence of quartz as the principal phase inside the house of Al-Suwayq, whereas quartz, dolomite, and gypsum were common phases outside the house. In the residential house nearby the cement plant, it was found that calcite, quartz, dolomite and goethite were the principal phases whereas the particles collected from the house nearby the refinery composed primarily of dolomite and calcite. The airborne dust collected at the refinery and Al-Suwayq were probably sourced in the natural environment and mobilised by natural processes. However, at the cement factory the crushing and grinding of limestone during the industrial process has contributed significantly to the airborne dust load. Generally, the information obtained in this study will be invaluable as no data for the mineral content of atmospheric dust existed in the Oman. 相似文献
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Diapouli E Chaloulakou A Mihalopoulos N Spyrellis N 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,136(1-3):13-20
Simultaneous indoor and outdoor PM10 and PM2.5 concentration measurements were conducted in seven primary schools in the Athens area. Both gravimetric samplers and continuous
monitors were used. Filters were subsequently analyzed for anion species. Moreover ultrafine particles number concentration
was monitored continuously indoors and outdoors. Mean 8-hr PM10 concentration was measured equal to 229 ± 182 μg/m3 indoors and 166 ± 133 μg/m3 outdoors. The respective PM2.5 concentrations were 82 ± 56 μg/m3 indoors and 56 ± 26 μg/m3 outdoors. Ultrafine particles 8-h mean number concentration was measured equal to 24,000 ± 17,900 particles/cm3 indoors and 32,000 ± 14,200 particles/cm3 outdoors. PM10 outdoor concentrations exhibited a greater spatial variability than the corresponding PM2.5 ones. I/O ratios were close or above 1.00 for PM10 and PM2.5 and smaller than 1.00 for ultrafine particles. Very high I/O ratios were observed when intense activities took place. The
initial results of the chemical analysis showed that accounts for the 6.6 ± 3.5% of the PM10 and for the 3.1 ± 1.4%.The corresponding results for PM2.5 are 12.0 ± 7.7% for and 3.1 ± 1.9% for . PM2.5
indoor concentrations were highly correlated with outdoor ones and the regression line had the largest slope and a very low
intercept, indicative of no indoor sources of fine particulate . The results of the statistical analysis of indoor and outdoor concentration data support the use of as a proper surrogate for indoor PM of outdoor origin. 相似文献