东北,内蒙古东部地区煤炭中微量元素含量及分布规律

研究了东北和内蒙东部各矿区煤炭中Ａｓ，Ｂａ，Ｂｅ，Ｃｄ，Ｃｏ，Ｃｒ，Ｃｕ，Ｈｇ，Ｌｉ，Ｍｎ，ＮＩ，Ｐｂ，Ｓｅ，Ｓｒ，Ｖ，Ｚｎ，Ｚｒ的含量水平及分布规律，煤炭灰分中多数含量高于克拉克值，土壤背景值及植物干物质中含量，呈富集状态，相关矩阵和聚类分析表明，煤炭中微量元素含量与基质元素有密切的依存性，由于复杂的成煤过程，煤炭中微量元素呈现独特的集散规律。     

大熊猫,黑熊和小熊猫毛发无机元素的比较

利用ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ和ＡＡＳ测得大熊猫、黑熊和小熊猫毛发中Ｍｇ、Ａｌ、Ｐ、Ｋ、Ｃａ、Ｔｉ、Ｖ、Ｃｒ、Ｍｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ａｓ、Ｓｅ、Ｓｒ、Ｃｄ、Ｂａ、Ｈｇ和Ｐｂ等２１种无机元素。对几种与生理机能密切相关的元素的组分含量进行对比分析结果表明：大熊猫毛发中元素Ｖ、ｃｕ以及Ｃｄ的含量高于黑熊和小熊猫，而Ｚｎ和Ｓｅ的含量低于黑熊和小熊猫；与黑熊和小熊猫相反，大熊猫雄兽毛发中元素Ｋ和Ｍｎ的含量高于雌兽含量。     

海南省几种草本植物微量元素的组成

海南省位于我国热带地区,草本植物微量元素组成可反映热带区域生物地球化学特点。海南植物微量元素含量属正常范围值,仅个别植物Ｃｄ、Ｈｇ含量偏高。植物Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｍｏ含量大多在５ｍｇ／ｋｇ以上,Ｐｂ、Ｃｕ、Ｃｄ含量一般低于２ｍｇ／ｋｇ,Ｈｇ、Ａｓ、Ｎｉ通常不足１ｍｇ／ｋｇ。雀稗（Ｐａｓｐａｌｕｍｃｏｍｍｅｒｓｏｎｉ）、地胆草（Ｅｌｅｐｈａｎｔｏｐｕｓｓｃａｂｅｒ）等微量元素含量普遍较高。红裂稃草（Ｓｃｈｉｚａｃｈｙｒｉｕｍｓａｎｇｕｉｎｅｕｍ）、白茅（Ｉｍｐｅｒａｔａｃｙｌｉｎｄｒｉｃａ）等微量元素含量一般较低。植物微量元素组成与植物种类及其生境条件有关。生物吸收系数反映植物摄取元素的强度,Ｍｏ、Ｃｄ、Ｈｇ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ的生物吸收系数通常大于１．０,属强积聚元素,Ｐｂ、Ｃｒ、Ｎｉ、Ａｓ的生物吸收系数大多低于０．３,是弱摄取元素。     

煤中痕量元素分布的多变量分析及实验研究

本文用多变量分析法研究了煤中痕量元素的分布，并用实验研究了有机溶剂提取前后青山烟煤中痕量元素的变化。多变量分析结果表明：Ａｓ，Ｃｒ，Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ，Ｃｕ，Ｃｄ，Ｖ，Ｐｂ等元素与Ｂｅ，Ｇｅ在煤中具有不同的分布特征，对青山烟煤的实验研究结果则表明：Ｃｒ，Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ，Ｃｕ，Ｃｄ，Ｐｂ等元素趋向于与煤中的矿物质相结合，而Ｂｅ，Ｇｅ两元素有较强的有机亲和性。实验研究结果与多变量分析结果相符。     

橡胶园土壤若干微量元素含量 ——以海南省胶园土为例

胶园土壤微量元素含量有一定的特征。海南省胶园土个别样点Ｃｄ偏高,Ｃｕ偏低,其它样点Ｃｄ、Ｃｒ、Ｐｈ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｎｉ、Ｍｏ、Ｈｇ含量正常。土壤母质、质地、化学组成、耕作等对微量元素含量有一定影响。玄武岩上的胶园土微量元素较丰富。质地粘重的土壤微量元素含量往往较高。由于铁的水合物吸附固定作用,Ｃｕ、Ｚｕ、Ｃｄ、Ｈｇ含量与Ｆｅ含量有一定关系。Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ、Ｈｇ的许多化学性质相似,它们的含量有一定的相关性。     

青霉菌BS—1还原Cr^6＋的条件及影响因子

青霉菌ＢＳ－１生长时还原Ｃｒ＾６＋的条件下：最适碳源为蔗糖或糊精，最适氮源是硫酸铵，最适温度３０℃，最适ＰＨ７．０，加入一定浓度的酵母浸出物可促进该菌对Ｃｒ＾＋的还原。不同预培养条件对该菌还原Ｃｒ＾６＋无明显影响，由此认为该菌对Ｃｒ＾６＋的还原是非诱导性的Ｈｇ＾２＋，Ｃｕ＾２＋，Ｃｏ＾２＋和Ｎｉ＾２＋对ＢＳ－１生长及Ｃｒ＾２｜还在有明显抑制作用，但在ρ（Ｎａ２ＳｅＯ４）＝１００ｍｇ／Ｌ时，则对该菌     

饮水的化学组分与地氟病的关系

饮水的化学成分分析结果表明，徐州地区居民饮用水中的氟含量ｐＨ，Ｎａ＾＋，ＨＣＯ＾－３，Ａｓ，Ｂ和矿化度呈正相关关系，与Ｋ＾＋，Ｃａ＾２＋，Ａｌ＾３＋，Ｂａ＾２＋，Ｓｉ＾４＋呈负相关关系。地氟病的发病率不仅与饮水的氟含量密切相关，而且受饮水中其它组份的制榴，饮水中Ｃａ＾２＋，Ａｌ＾３＋，Ｓｒ＾２＋，Ｂ，Ｓｉ＾４＋，Ｋ＾＋，Ｇｅ＾４＋等组分的增高可抑制或减缓地氟病的发生。     

微生物对土壤环境中重金属活性的影响

各种工农业生产和家庭消费引起的重金属在环境中的释放 ,以及由此带来的环境胁迫和破坏 ,呈加剧的趋势 .在全球范围内 ,人类活动引起的Ｐｂ ,Ｃｄ,Ｖ与Ｚｎ的释放量分别是自然情况下的 12 ,5 ,3和 3倍 .Ｓｂ ,Ａｓ ,Ｃｒ,Ｃｕ ,Ｈｇ,Ｎｉ,Ｓｅ等的人为释放量或超过自然释放量 ,或与自然释放量持平[1] .土壤是重金属离子的源和汇 ,土壤中的重金属离子可以多种形态存在 ,如可溶态、交换态以及与不同土壤固相组分如碳酸盐、铁锰氧化物、有机质、残渣物质结合的形态[2 ] .重金属在土壤中的活性和生物有效性受到多种因素的制约 ,特别是各种有机胶…     

法国垃圾场的处理与复垦

法国垃圾场的处理与复垦ＪａｃｑｕｅｓＲｉｃｏｕｒ，ＡｖｅｎｕｅｄｅＣｏｎｃｙｒ，Ｏｒｌｅａｎｓ－ＬａＳｏｕｒｃｅ，Ｂ．Ｐ．６００９，４５０６０ＯｒｌｅａｎｓＣｅｄｅｘ２，Ｆｒａｎｃｅ地质矿产调查局技术局长，环境工程师，在法国的传统工业区，洛林地区和诺...     

广州市环境卫生数据库信息系统的建立和研究

本文主要介绍了ＧＺＥＳＭＩＳ研制的意义,目标,系统的基本内容,系统功能分析,特点,开发的软硬件环境。本系统得在Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ９８环境下,数据库采用ＭｉｃｒｏＳｏｆｔ Ｆｏｘｐｒｏ系列,空间图形处理软件,采用最新的ＡｕｔｏＤｅｓｋＷｏｒｌｄ专业版;图形制作软件选用ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ;工作语言软件则采用Ｖｉｓｕａｌ Ｂａｓｉｃ５．０专业版,建立了全中文界面的多媒体环卫管理信息系统。     

贵州省煤中挥发性和半挥发性微量元素分布规律的初步研究

研究了贵州省四大煤田不同层位、不同煤种中Hg,As,Se,Pb,Cd,Tl,Zn,Sb等挥发性和半挥发性微量元素的分布规律。贵州省原煤中Hg,As,Se,Pb,Cd,Sb等元素的含量高于地壳克拉克值;Tl,Zn等的含量低于地壳克拉克值;另外,除了Pb,Zn外,贵州省原煤中Hg,As,Se,Cd的含量远远高于东北和内蒙古东部地区。微量元素聚类分析结果表明,Hg,As,Sb可能主要分布于煤的黄铁矿中;Zn和Se可能主要赋存于闪锌矿中;Cd可能部分存在于硫化物中,部分存在于硅酸盐矿物相中;Pb可能主要存在于硅酸盐矿物相中;而Tl在煤中的赋存形式较复杂。     

东北、内蒙古东部地区煤炭中微量元素含量及分布规律

研究了东北和内蒙东部各矿区煤炭中As,Ba,Be,Cb,Co,Cr,Cu,Hg,Li,Mn,Ni,Pb,Se,Sr,V,Zn,Zr的含量水平及分布规律.煤灰灰分中多数元素含量高于克拉克值、土壤背景值及植物干物质中含量,呈富集状态.相关矩阵和聚类分析表明,煤炭中微量元素含量与基质元素有密切的依存性.由于复杂的成煤过程,煤炭中微量元素呈现独特的集散规律.     

Some characteristics of the distribution of heavy metals in urban topsoil of Xuzhou,China

An assessment is presented of distribution characteristics of heavy metals in the urban topsoil from the city of Xuzhou. The concentrations of Ag, Al, As, Au, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Hg, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Pd, Pt, Sb, Sc, Se, Sn, V and Zn have been determined from 21 soil samples. Examination of lognormal distribution plots indicates that the diagrams of Al, Be, Fe, Ga, Li, and V are almost linear suggesting that these metals are almost unaffected by anthropogenic activities while the plots for As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Pd, Pt, Se, Zn and others are not linear probably due to anthropogenic activities from which these metals are delivered to the soils. Al is used for mineralogical normalization of these data. An evaluation of background values for topsoil is also carried out by means of lognormal distribution plots. The results show our background values obtained from the lognormal distribution plots are comparable to those values of uncontaminated soils of Xuzhou obtained by previous work except for Cd and Hg. At present, no explanation for the exceptions Cd and Hg can be given.     

Biomagnification of trace elements in a benthic food web: the case study of Deer Island (Northern Yellow Sea)

In this study, we investigated the concentrations of ten trace elements (Cu, Zn, Mn, Se, Ni, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, and As) and their trophodynamics in a benthic food chain of Deer Island, Northern Yellow Sea. The concentrations of Cu, Zn, Mn, Se, Ni, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, and As in the food chain ranged from 3.2 to 23.2, from 71 to 227, from 7.4 to 45.6, from 0.44 to 5.80, from 0.73 to 7.60, from 0.14 to 1.65, from 0.68 to 6.70, from 0.08 to 1.86, from 0.08 to 1.18, and from 0.24 to 3.92 mg kg^?1 dry weight, respectively. Among these trace elements, the linear regression between the log-transformed concentrations of Hg and Cd and δ¹⁵N values showed statistically significant increase (p<0.05) with the slopes of 0.134 and 0.144, indicating biomagnification of Hg and Cd occurred in the benthic food chain of Deer Island. While the linear regression for other eight trace elements (Cu, Zn, Mn, Se, Ni, Cr, Pb and As) were characterised by extensive scatter with non-significant correlation coefficients (R ²=0.002–0.235) and slopes (p=0.079–0.875), indicating there were not biomagnified or biodiluted of these trace elements.     

Characterization of Santa Catarina (Brazil) coal with respect to human health and environmental concerns

The current paper presents the concentration, distribution, and modes of occurrence of trace elements of 13 coals from south Brazil. The samples were collected in the state of Santa Catarina. Chemical analyses and the high ash yields indicate that all studied coals are rich in mineral matter, with SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ dominating as determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Quartz is the main mineral species and is associated with minor levels of feldspars, kaolinite, hematite, and iron-rich carbonates. The contents of trace elements, including As, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, Mn, Be, V, U, Zn, Li, Cu, Tl, and Ni, in coals were determined. A comparison of ranges and means of elemental concentrations in Santa Catarina, Brazil, and world coals shows that the ranges of most elements in Santa Catarina coal are very close to the usual worldwide concentration ranges in coal.     

Fish as an indicator of aquatic environment: Multielemental neutron activation analysis of nutrient and pollutant elements in fish from Indian coastal areas

Fish is the main food in coastal areas and its analysis for toxic metals has been used as an indicator of the pollution status of the aquatic environment. Several different fish species from the three Indian coasts, Visakhapatnam in the east, Mumbai in the west and Mangalore in the south west and also inland freshwater fish from Nagpur in the central region for comparison were analyzed for up to 20 elements (As, Au, Ba, Br, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sr, Zn) by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Dried fish samples in powdered form were irradiated with thermal neutrons in a nuclear reactor followed by high resolution gamma ray spectrometry at different intervals. Several Reference Materials (RMs) of biological origin were analyzed for quality assurance and data validation. Elemental contents in different fish species vary in a wide range depending on the species, its size, location, and aquatic environment. Fish from Mangalore showed highest mean contents of Cr (14.8?±?29.9?µg?g^?1), Cu (1005?±?643?µg?g^?1) and Sb (849?±?888?ng?g^?1) whereas those from Mumbai exhibited highest Hg (2066?±?2146?ng?g^?1) and P (20.3?±?4.63?µg?g^?1) but lowest Cu (6.30?±?3.10?µg?g^?1) contents. Fish from all the regions showed significant amounts of nutrient elements such as Na, K, P, Mn, Fe, Se and Zn as well as some pollutant elements (Br, Cr, Sb, Hg). No regularity in variation of elemental contents with the size was observed. Prawn (Panaeus latisulcatus), a popular fish species from four different regions showed wide variation in elemental contents of Cr, Mn, Fe, Zn, Se, P including toxic pollutants, Sb and Hg. An attempt has been made to calculate daily dietary intake (DDI) for some nutrient elements from Indian fish. Elemental data for Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Se, and Zn have been compared with those from other fish exporting countries.     

润肤霜类化妆品中金属元素的测定及砷形态初探

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定化妆品中的金属元素铝、铬、镍、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉、锡、锑、钡、镧、铈、镨、钕、钐、汞、铅的总量,并结合液相色谱(HPLC)-ICPMS联用技术考察了化妆品中的砷形态.研究表明,金属指标不合格的化妆品多为汞含量超标;此外,化妆品中的砷多以无机砷形式存在.     

九洲江流域水环境重金属污染特征及来源解析

九洲江流域环境综合治理已被列为国家跨地区生态补充试点,开展流域重金属污染调查与研究,能为流域生态补偿和综合治理提供科学依据.为了研究九洲江流域水环境重金属浓度分布特征,在流域干流和支流选取了33个采样点,于2018年枯水期、丰水期和平水期分3次进行采样监测,测定13种重金属(Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、Ni、Fe、M...     

姬松茸中Cu,Zn,Ag,Cd和Hg累积特性的初步研究

对三种不同产地的姬松茸子实体,经过微波消解后,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP- OES)、原子吸收光谱法(AAS)和原子荧光光谱法(AFS)测定了其中Ag,Al,As,Au,B,Ba,Bi,Ca,Cd,Cr,Co,Cu,Fe,Hg,K,La,Mg,Mn,Mo,Na,M,P,Pb,Rb,S,Sb,Se,Sn,Sr,Ti,V和Zn等32种元素的含量,并用高效液相色谱和电感耦合等离子质谱联用技术(HPLC-ICP-MS)分析了其中Hg元素的形态.另外,还探讨了Cu,Zn,Ag,Cd,Hg及一些相关元素在姬松茸子实体不同部位的分布特征.研究表明:与一些常见种类的大型真菌相比,姬松茸对Cu,Zn,Ag,Cd,Hg具有较强的累积能力,累积的Hg主要以Hg~(2 )形态存在,CH_3Hg~ 占总Hg比例在15%以下.Cu,Zn,Ag,Cd和Hg在姬松茸子实体不同部位的分布特征为:从菌柄下部到上部、从菌盖中心到边缘元素含量逐渐增加;P有助于提高姬松茸对Cu,Zn,Ag,Cd,Hg的累积能力,而Ca似乎起拮抗作用.