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1.
Photodegradation (PD) of methylmercury (MMHg) is a key process of mercury (Hg) cycling in water systems, maintaining MMHg at a low level in water systems. However, we possess little knowledge of this important process in the Jialing River of Chongqing, China. In situ incubation experiments were thus performed to measure temporal patterns and influencing factors of MMHg PD in this river. The results showed that MMHg underwent a net demethylation process under solar radiation in the water column, which predominantly occurred in surface waters. For surface water, the highest PD rate constants were observed in spring (12 × 10− 3 ± 1.5 × 10− 3 m2/E), followed by summer (9.0 × 10− 3 ± 1.2 × 10− 3 m2/E), autumn (1.4 × 10− 3 ± 0.12 × 10− 3 m2/E), and winter (0.78 × 10− 3 ± 0.11 × 10− 3 m2/E). UV-A radiation (320–400 nm), UV-B radiation (280–320 nm), and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400–700 nm) accounted for 43%–64%, 14%–31%, and 16%–45% of MMHg PD, respectively. PD rate constants varied substantially with the treatments that filtered the river water and amended it with chemicals (i.e., Cl−, NO3−, dissolved organic matter (DOM), Fe(III)), which reveals that suspended particulate matter and water components are important factors in affecting the PD process. For the entire water column, the PD rate constant determined for each wavelength range decreased rapidly with water depth. UV-A, UV-B, and PAR contributed 27%–46%, 6.2%–12%, and 42%–65% to the PD process, respectively. PD flux was estimated to be 4.7 μg/(m2·year) in the study site. Our results are very important to understand the cycling characteristics of MMHg in the Jialing River of Chongqing, China. 相似文献
2.
水动力条件对嘉陵江重庆主城段藻类生长影响的数值模拟 总被引:7,自引:4,他引:7
为研究水动力条件对嘉陵江重庆主城段藻类生长繁殖和富营养化的影响,通过对现有藻类生长率计算式中的流速影响函数进行改进,引入表征藻类生长最佳流速与流速范围的参数,构建了二维非稳态藻类生长动力学模型,并用实测数据以及现有的实验成果对其参数进行率定与优化.针对三峡水库水华高发时段的气候条件和研究河段现有的营养盐状况,就不同水位下的叶绿素a浓度的时空分布进行数值仿真、对可能发生水华的位置和范围进行分析和预测.结果表明,对于嘉陵江重庆主城段,流速在0.04m·s-1左右最有利于藻类的生长繁殖. 相似文献
3.
流量对三峡库区嘉陵江重庆主城段藻类生长的影响 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
对于三峡库区,大部分一级支流都具备产生富营养化的营养水平,在水温和光照等气候条件适宜藻类生长的3—5月,水文条件成为影响藻类生长繁殖和诱发富营养化的关键因素.3—5月恰是水库坝前泄水的消落时段,水文条件与一般的湖泊、河流和水库等显著不同. 针对三峡水库特殊的水文情势, 通过现场水质采样,应用质量守恒原理,研究了3—5月上游来水流量对嘉陵江重庆主城段藻类生长的影响. 结果表明:流量对河段的藻类密度和质量净增量有显著影响,3月因较低的来水流量和较小的大坝泄水量使藻类密度和质量净增量最大,5月当流量接近或超过历史同期水平时,河段的藻类质量净增量为负,而当流量偏枯较大时,藻类质量净增量为正. 相似文献
4.
嘉陵江重庆段表层水体多环芳烃的污染特征 总被引:3,自引:4,他引:3
为了确定嘉陵江重庆段表层水体中多环芳烃(PAHs)的组成、来源及污染特征,于2009年8月采集了8个表层水样,利用GC-MS仪器测定了16种优先控制PAHs的浓度.结果表明,水体中16种优先控制PAHs浓度范围为467.13~987.97ng.L-1,平均浓度值为702.91 ng.L-1,水体PAHs浓度和溶解性有机碳(DOC)含量呈现明显的线性正相关.PAHs的组成以2~3环PAHs为主,占水体ΣPAHs总量的68.90%.寸滩区域水体PAHs主要来源于木材和煤的燃烧污染,朝天门区域水体PAHs主要来源于石油源,嘉陵江重庆段其他区域水体PAHs主要来源于液体石化燃料的燃烧.虽然嘉陵江重庆段整体污染水平较低,但是5个取样点的地表水苯并(a)芘(BaP)含量超过国家地表水质量标准. 相似文献
5.
嘉陵江流域吸附态非点源污染负荷研究 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
以美国通用土壤流失方程为基础,通过考虑引起流域土壤流失年际变化的水文条件和土地管理因素及泥沙输移过程的时空差异,提出了能够反映流域泥沙输出量逐年动态变化的估算方法,并以嘉陵江流域为研究对象进行了验证.在此基础上,根据流域吸附态氮磷污染年负荷与年泥沙输出量的相互关系,建立了流域吸附态氮磷污染年负荷模型.基于地理信息技术,应用所建模型,对嘉陵江流域1990~2005年因水土流失产生的吸附态氮磷污染负荷的空间分布进行了模拟和定量研究.结果表明,该流域吸附态氮磷流失较严重的地区主要分布在上游的白龙江和西汉水子流域;近年来,由于流域水土流失治理工作的进展,吸附态氮磷污染负荷逐年减少,近5年平均吸附态氮磷污染负荷分别为34423t/a和1848t/a,与1990年相比减少约60%. 相似文献
6.
为探究不同人为扰动对自然河流生态环境的影响,以嘉陵江河道沉积物细菌群落为研究对象,利用高通量测序技术分析工程干扰、支流干扰、采砂干扰、垦殖干扰和无干扰断面河道沉积物细菌的群落组成和功能变化.结果表明,嘉陵江不同干扰断面河道沉积物理化性质和细菌群落多样性均具有显著差异(P<0.05).无干扰断面细菌群落多样性最高,同时,采砂干扰和无干扰断面细菌群落均匀度最高,而支流干扰和垦殖干扰均导致细菌群落多样性和均匀度降低.工程干扰对细菌群落组成的影响显著区别于其他4种干扰断面.细菌优势菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi),优势菌纲为γ-变形菌纲(γ-Proteobacteria)、α-变形菌纲(α-Proteobacteria)和Vicinamibacteria纲.采砂干扰导致放线菌门增加,工程干扰促进了酸杆菌门的增加.含水率、有机碳、总氮和总磷是影响沉积物微生物群落变化的主要环境因子.细菌群落主要涉及新陈代谢、遗传信息处理、环境信息处理和细胞过程这4类一级... 相似文献
7.
Poliana Dutra Mai Laurence Maurice Emmanuel Tessier David Amouroux Daniel Coss Patricia Moreira-Turcq Henri Etcheber 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(6):24-40
Seasonal variability of dissolved and particulate methylmercury(F-MeHg, P-MeHg) concentrations was studied in the waters of the Amazon River and its associated Curuai floodplain during hydrological year 2005–2006, to understand the MeHg exchanges between these aquatic systems. In the oxic white water lakes, with neutral pH, high F-MeHg and P-MeHg concentrations were measured during the rising water stage(0.70 ± 0.37 pmol/L, n = 26) and flood peak(14.19 ± 9.32 pmol/g, n = 7) respectively, when the Amazon River water discharge into the lakes was at its maximum. The lowest mean values were reported during the dry season(0.18 ± 0.07 pmol/L F-MeHg, n = 10 and 1.35 ± 1.24 pmol/g P-MeHg, n = 8), when water and suspended sediments were outflowing from the lakes into the River. In these lakes,the MeHg concentrations were associated to the aluminium and organic carbon/nitrogen changes. In the black water lakes, with acidic pH and reducing conditions, elevated MeHg concentrations were recorded(0.58 ± 0.32 pmol/L F-MeHg, n = 16 and 19.82 ± 15.13 pmol/g PMeHg, n = 6), and correlated with the organic carbon and manganese concentrations. Elevated values of MeHg partition coefficient(4.87 Kd 5.08 log(L/kg) indicate that MeHg is mainly transported associated with the particulate phase. The P-MeHg enrichment detected in all lakes suggests autochthonous MeHg inputs from the sediments into the water column. The MeHg mass balance showed that the Curuai floodplain is not the source of P-MeHg for the Amazon River. 相似文献
8.
为探究不同干扰对嘉陵江河道沉积物真菌群落的影响,以期为河流生态系统保护提供科学依据. 以嘉陵江干流河道沉积物真菌为研究对象,利用高通量测序和生物信息学技术分析不同类型人为扰动(工程干扰、支流干扰、采砂干扰和垦殖干扰)及无干扰断面河道沉积物真菌群落的组成和功能差异. 结果表明:①垦殖和工程干扰显著抑制了真菌群落物种多样性和丰富度(P<0.05),支流干扰增加了真菌群落物种丰富度,采砂干扰对沉积物真菌群落的影响不显著. ②低外源物质输入(无干扰和采砂干扰)断面的不同采样点位之间的沉积物真菌多样性和群落结构趋近,高外源物质输入(支流干扰、工程干扰和垦殖干扰)断面的不同采样点位之间的沉积物真菌群落多样性差异显著. ③子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、罗兹菌门(Rozellomycota)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota)为嘉陵江沉积物的主要优势真菌门,罗兹菌门的相对丰度在采砂干扰断面最高,担子菌门在支流干扰断面的相对丰度最高. ④工程干扰断面的腐生菌、动物病原菌、植物病原菌和粪腐菌的相对丰度显著增加,其它无干扰断面沉积物中真菌寄生菌-植物病原菌-植物腐生菌的相对丰度最高. 综上所述,人为干扰造成了嘉陵江沉积物真菌多样性、群落结构和功能的变化,外源物质输入是造成这一现象的关键因素,该结果可为预测和评价河流生境质量提供参考依据. 相似文献
9.
嘉陵江流域降水变化及旱涝多时间尺度分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
依据嘉陵江流域1961-2012 年的气象数据,采用数理统计方法结合GIS空间分析技术,探讨了嘉陵江流域降水量时空变化和旱涝灾害特征。结果表明:近52 a 来全流域年平均降水量以13.69 mm/10 a 的速率减少,并在1984 年发生突变,随后降水量明显减少;从区域分析看,受季风和海拔高度等因素的影响,降水量东南多西北少;近52 a 来,除达县和沙坪坝两个站点降水量呈微弱增加外,其余地区降水量均呈减少趋势,略阳-广元-绵阳一带降水量减少速率最高。嘉陵江流域20 世纪60 年代偏涝,涝灾发生频率高;70 至80 年代旱涝灾害交替出现,整体偏涝;90 年代以来,该流域旱灾发生频率与程度均高于涝灾,整体偏旱;该流域由涝灾向旱灾转化的趋势明显。 相似文献
10.
基于历史文献法收集整理了《四川两千年洪水史料汇编》中嘉陵江清代洪水碑刻的碑文记录,并利用Gibbs-Mirtin多样化指数法分析洪水碑刻记录的空间分布特征。结果发现:清朝时期,嘉陵江流域共有洪水碑刻记录55通,月份明确可辨的有36通。空间上整体分布不均,下游多于中上游,其中嘉陵江干流28通(20通有明确月份;Gibbs-Mirtin多样化指数为0.46,上游仅有零星分布,相对集中于中下游),渠江16通(10通有明确月份;Gibbs-Mirtin多样化指数为0.71,各河段均有分布),涪江11通(6通有明确月份;Gibbs-Mirtin多样化指数为0,仅集中于下游的重庆市)。洪水碑刻记录在年内主要分布于6、7、8、9四个月,洪水碑刻清晰记录了清代1679年(2通)、1840年(3通)、1870年(17通)、1903年(2通)4次特大洪水,洪水碑刻记录的嘉陵江流域清代洪水的发生频率为7 a一洪。清代嘉陵江洪水碑刻记录反映了流域夏秋季洪水较多,这与嘉陵江流域的亚热带湿润季风气候、多洪齐发的扇状水系、低山丘陵-谷坝地形、松散的土壤质地以及"湖广填川"时期毁林垦荒导致的水土流失与河道淤积有关。 相似文献
11.
草街水库蓄水后嘉陵江浮游植物群落特征及水质评价 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:3
为了解草街水库蓄水后嘉陵江的水环境变化情况,对嘉陵江浮游植物群落结构及水质状况进行了研究.研究期间共检出浮游植物145种,隶属8门74属,其中硅藻门种类数最多,23属57种,其次为绿藻门,28属53种.浮游植物平均细胞密度1.82×105cell·L-1,细胞密度居于前3位的分别为硅藻门、甲藻门、隐藻门,所占总密度比例分别为39.2%、29.9%、24.5%,春季细胞密度显著高于其他季节(P0.05).优势度分析显示,优势种主要为颗粒沟链藻(Aulacoseria granulata)、变异直链藻(Melosira varians)、倪氏拟多甲藻(Peridiniopsis niei)、具尾逗隐藻(Komma caudate)、啮蚀隐藻(Cryptomonas erosa)等.聚类分析结果表明,草街水库蓄水后对浮游植物的影响作用已初步显现.嘉陵江草街水库区在纵向上已初步形成不同特征的生态区域,各区域浮游植物群落结构存在差异,同时,草街水库大坝上、下游间浮游植物和水体特征也产生了差异.嘉陵江浮游植物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Pielous均匀度指数分别介于2.06~3.55、0.76~1.90、0.50~0.78,表明嘉陵江水体处于轻-中度污染状态.根据浮游植物群落结构评价显示,研究期间的嘉陵江水体营养水平为中营养类型. 相似文献
12.
鲁班水库是四川省第三大水库,具有灌溉、发电、防洪的功能。针对当前鲁班水库总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)浓度超标问题,阐明水库氮(N)、磷(P)时空分布特征,量化水库TN和TP的截留量及截留率,并识别影响水库水质的关键因素。结果表明:水库TN浓度年均值为(0.65±0.22)mg/L,TP浓度年均值为(0.05±0.03)mg/L。水库对TN和TP的截留率分别为55.38%和53.66%,其中,通过灌溉调水的途径去除的TN和TP分别占水库总截留量的38.11%和40.85%。除了外源N、P输入以外,水库中藻类的生长、死亡和分解过程影响水库N、P浓度,以及水库对N、P的截留率。可通过降低外源N、P输入,同时控制水库内部藻类的生长改善鲁班水库水质。 相似文献
13.
通过分析嘉陵江沉积物中细菌群落多样性变化,揭示面源污染对嘉陵江水环境的影响,为嘉陵江流域的环境保护与资源利用提供依据.于2020年12月在嘉陵江面源污染型支流的入江口采集非面源污染样品、面源污染样品和面源污染干扰样品这3种类型沉积物.利用高通量测序技术分析嘉陵江不同类型沉积物中细菌群落结构、多样性及功能类型.结果表明:嘉陵江不同类型沉积物的理化性质和细菌群落多样性均存在显著性差异(P<0.05).沉积物细菌的优势菌群为变形菌门,其次为蓝藻菌门、绿弯菌门、放线菌门和酸杆菌门(相对丰度>1%),面源污染导致蓝藻菌门显著减少,促进酸杆菌门显著增加(P<0.05).水解氮、总氮、有机碳和pH值为嘉陵江沉积物细菌群落变化的主要影响因子.沉积物细菌群落主要涉及到了细胞过程、环境信息处理、遗传信息处理和新陈代谢4类一级代谢功能,二级功能在全局及概要图、碳水化合物代谢、氨基酸代谢和能量代谢等18类基因功能方面表现活跃,面源污染诱导了脂质代谢、外源生物降解与代谢、折叠、分类和降解和膜运输等主要二级功能发生异变(P<0.05).综上所述,面源污染造成沉积物细菌群落结构与功能发生变化... 相似文献
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通过明确嘉陵江滨岸带不同土地利用类型土壤真菌群落多样性的差异,为嘉陵江生态环境保护修复提供理论依据.选择嘉陵江中下游滨岸带的人工湿地、天然湿地、林地和农田这4种典型土地利用类型作为研究样地,利用高通量测序技术对土壤真菌群落进行测序,分析不同土地利用类型对土壤真菌群落多样性、结构和功能的影响.结果表明,林地与天然湿地土壤真菌的Chao1指数显著高于其他两种土地利用类型(P<0.05),林地土壤真菌的Shannon指数显著高于农田和人工湿地两种土地利用类型(P<0.05);嘉陵江流域滨岸带土壤真菌被划分为15个菌门,在门分类水平上的优势真菌群落(相对丰度>0.01)分别为:子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、油壶菌门(Olpidiomycota)、罗兹菌门(Rozellomycota)、被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota)和壶菌门(Chytridiomycota);相比之下,罗兹菌门偏好选择林地生境,而油壶菌门和被孢霉门偏好选择农田,担子菌门在人工湿地具有显著优势;天然湿地中的优势功能类群为植物病原菌,人工湿地中的优势功能类群为粪腐菌,农田中优势功能类群为动物病原菌-真菌寄生菌;冗余分析表明,土壤含水率(MC)、全氮(TN)、有机碳(TOC)和碱解氮(AN)是影响真菌群落变化的主要环境因子.由此可见,林地是嘉陵江流域真菌多样性最高和功能类群最均衡的土地利用类型,其次为天然湿地,人为干扰导致嘉陵江滨岸带土壤真菌群落多样性水平降低. 相似文献
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随着水电开发的迅速兴起,河流筑坝拦截引起的生态环境效应已不容忽视。为探究筑坝拦截对流域内营养元素生物地球化学循环过程的影响,本研究于2016年1月和7月对嘉陵江中下游4座梯级水库的入库、库内及出库水体进行采样,分析了营养盐(TDN、NO_2~-、NO_3~-、NH_4~+、DSi)及水化学组成;研究在大坝拦截作用下,嘉陵江流域水库水体营养盐及主要阴、阳离子浓度的时空变化特征。结果发现,沿程Na~+、K~+浓度上升的变化趋势表明从上游到下游人为因素的影响在不断加强。受降水稀释影响,TDN和DSi浓度枯水期(冬季)高于丰水期(夏季);剖面水体氮和硅的浓度呈现出表层低、深层高的特征,夏季尤为显著;NO_3~-浓度与NH_4~+和NO_2~-浓度存在负相关关系。上述结果表明氮的转化在表层水体以藻类的吸收同化为主,浅层水体以硝化反应为主,深层水体以反硝化反应为主。 相似文献
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Effects of soil properties on production and bioaccumulation of methylmercury in rice paddies at a mercury mining area, China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Rice paddy soil is recognized as the hotspot of mercury(Hg) methylation, which is mainly a biotic process mediated by many abiotic factors. In this study, effects of key soil properties on the production and bioaccumulation of Hg and methylmercury(MeHg) in Hg-contaminated rice paddies were investigated. Rice and soil samples were collected from the active Hg smelting site and abandoned Hg mining sites(a total of 124 paddy fields) in the Wanshan Mercury Mine, China. Total Hg(THg) and MeHg in soils and rice grains, together with sulfur(S),selenium(Se), organic matter(OM), nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), mineral compositions(e.g., SiO_2, Al_2O_3 and Fe_2O_3) and pH in soils were quantified. The results showed that long-term Hg mining activities had resulted in THg and MeHg contaminations in soil-rice system. The newly-deposited atmospheric Hg was more readily methylated relative to the native Hg already in soils, which could be responsible for the elevated MeHg levels in soils and rice grains around the active artificial Hg smelting site. The MeHg concentrations in soils and rice grains showed a significantly negative relationship with soil N/Hg, S/Hg and OM/Hg ratio possibly due to the formation of low-bioavailability Hg–S(N)–OM complexes in rhizosphere. The Hg–Se antagonism undoubtedly occurred in soil-rice system, while its role in bioaccumulation of MeHg in the MeHg-contaminated rice paddies was minor. However, other soil properties showed less influence on the production and bioaccumulation of MeHg in rice paddies located at the Wanshan Mercury Mine zone. 相似文献
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Haitao Wu Yongguang Yin Zhongsheng Zhang Xuehui Zhang Yuan Xin Yong Cai Xinbin Feng Shuxiao Wang Huan Zhong Ping Li 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,119(9):50-58
Soil macroinvertebrates as ecosystem engineers play significant, but largely ignored, roles in affecting mercury (Hg) cycle by altering soil physical-chemical properties. Ant is likely expanded into boreal mires with climate warming, however, its impacts on Hg cycle remained poorly understood. We compared total Hg (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) contents in soils from antmounds (Lasius flavus) and the nearby ambient in a boreal mire in Northeast China. The present work seeks to unravel factors that controlling MeHg levels in case of ant appearance or absence. The average THg was 179 µg/kg in the ant mound and was 106.1 µg/kg in nearby soils, respectively. The average MeHg was 10.9 µg/kg in the ant mound and was 12.9 µg/kg in nearby soils, respectively. The ratios of MeHg to THg (%MeHg) were 7.61% in ant mounds and 16.75% in nearby soils, respectively. Ant colonization caused THg enrichment and MeHg depletion, and this change was obvious in the 10-20 cm depth soil layer where ants mainly inhabited. Spectrometry characteristics of soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) exert a stronger control than microorganisms on MeHg variation in soils. A structural equation model revealed that the molecular weight of DOM inhibited MeHg irrespective of ant presence or absence, while humification conducive to MeHg significantly in ant mound soils. Microorganisms mainly affected Hg methylation by altering the molecular weight and humification of DOM. We propose that the effects of ant colonization on MeHg rested on DOM feature variations caused by microorganisms in boreal mires. 相似文献
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